墨西哥Palmas住宅
Palmas House / DOSA STUDIO

由专筑网李韧编译

来自建筑事务所的描述：Palmas住宅位于墨西哥特斯科科，靠近城市历史中心，毗邻主要街道，连接着整个区域。该项目的挑战就是应对场地外部忙碌交通所带来的噪音与堵塞，并且当地温差大，白天气温适宜，而夜间则气温较低。

Text description provided by the architects. Palmas House is located in Texcoco, Estado de Mexico, close to the Historic Centre polygon and next to the main avenue that connects the entire territory. The external conditions and challenges of the site are the acoustics and the congestion of traffic jams. In relation to the temperature conditions, the area has a constant warm climate during the daytime and low temperatures during night.

在2017年初，该工作室的建筑师受到一位年轻的女士的委托，希望能够在此复杂的场地环境下以较低的造价为她的家人建造一座住宅。他们整个家庭已在此居住40多年。当前在拉丁美洲，这类型的建筑并没有按照相关规划条例来设计建造，因此现有建筑并不具有良好的空间、照明、通风、和隐私条件。

In early 2017, the studio was appointed to design a house based on a very low budget and complicated site conditions. The client was a young woman who approached our studio and requested to design a house for her relatives.  The entire family lived in that house for more than 40 years. Currently, in Latin America those kinds of buildings do not follow any planning regulation, therefore the existing construction did not have the right conditions of space, lighting, ventilation and privacy.

资金的限制让该项目操作起来有些复杂。设计团队认为，不应该让经济条件和客观因素影响到业主Elsa小姐及其家人的生活质量。建筑设计任务是Dosa工作室和另外三个设计公司合作完成，制造合作方是Novaceramic、Mezcla Brava以及Probarro。这些公司为该项目提供施工材料，并且配合Dosa工作室完成该项目的施工工作。

The limitation on the economic resources made the project a very complex exercise. The team never compromised the economic conditions and the primary objective to improve the quality of life of Mrs Elsa and her family. The main strategy was based on the collaboration amongst Dosa Studio and three other companies, interested and committed to the purpose of the project: Novaceramic, Mezcla Brava and Probarro. These companies provided the construction materials in coordination with Dosa studio construction project.

该项目首先是确认材料的选择，由于其独特的材质性质和可持续特质，红砖成为了主要的建筑材料。建筑师结合红砖的尺寸再对建筑进行模块化调整。材料的选择和自然光的运用让建筑的热舒适性大大提升。

The first step was the recognition of materials, and the red brick met the necessary characteristics for the construction of this project due its materiality and sustainable characteristics. The project was based on brick dimensions in order to modulate the house, and use the exact quantity provided by our sponsors. The strategy of the selection of the material was complemented by the exploration of natural light to emphasize and provide thermal comfort to each of the areas based on the site analysis.

Palmas住宅的设计过程结合了不同层次的研究，其中有光影、城市肌理、材质、空间模型等等。对于自然光的研究主要基于简答而实用的解决方案。而材质则呼应了特斯科科的城市肌理。内敛的空间在视觉上向外部延伸，屏蔽了建筑场地的诸多不利条件。

Palmas House explores different layers such as light, urban context, materiality and spatial modules.  The exploration of the natural light relies on a simple and an honest solution.  The materiality contributes to the urban image of the Texcoco urban centre. The introverted spatial approach closes visually to the outside and resolves most of the irregular conditions of the context.

主建筑位置依据现有规划红线而建，这样能够形成两个与周边建筑相隔开的院落空间。每个院落都有自己的特点与功能。其中之一是一个狭窄的石头花园，将主要入口连接至街道。另外，它也能够从视觉与听觉上将内外空间分割开。最后，它也在多个不同背景中形成彼此的呼应，包括色调、肌理、光影等等，并在建筑立面中形成大型开口。

The position of the main building the solution was based on the existing guidelines in order to contain the architectural program and provide two courtyards that separate it from its neighbours. Each of the courtyards has their own identity and function. The first one allocates a narrow stone garden that connects the main entrance from the street. In addition, it isolates the interior visually and acoustically from the context. Finally, it reflects the harmonious relationship amongst the contrasting colours, textures, lights and shadows, provided by the big openings on the envelope of the house.

第二个院落包含服务设施。通过运用同样的材质，建筑的整体感得以延续。通过南侧和北侧的锯齿状屋面，能够呈现出几何形态的街景视角。屋顶上的几何开口将自然光引入室内，阴影通过这些开口投射在室内墙体上。

The second courtyard contains the services area. Nevertheless, by keeping the same materiality, the sensations and emotions were preserved. The geometry is discovered on the streetscape views by its jagged roof in the south and north elevation. The geometry and opening on the roof constantly and uniformly illuminates the interior of the volume. The shadows are projected on the walls, traversing them and transforming during the course of the day.

建筑的空间布局主要基于原有建筑。遵循的主要原则是使用者之间的公共空间。因此，一层设置有起居室、餐厅和厨房。

The spatial configuration of the house focuses on the original footprint of the previous house. The main principles of the configuration are the coexistence among users.  Therefore the ground floor allocates the public area, composed of a living room, dining room and kitchen in an open plan configuration.  

上部空间则是私人场所，其中有3间卧室，它们与走廊相连，而阳台则主要用于室内外的视觉连接，让使用者能够欣赏花园美景。地面层有时也用于商业活动，这样能够促进家庭的经济收入，而用于商业的区域空间则与建筑的内部功能用房相分离。

The upper floor contains the private area, which includes three bedrooms that are connected to the interior by a corridor. The relationship to the outside is based on a projective balcony system that visually connects the rooms to the garden. The ground floor′s connectivity is developed with the introduction of commercial premises that contribute to the family economy.  Those areas completely separated to the internal functioning of the house.   

Casa Palmas住宅为当地社区和当代建筑带来了不同的意义。它表明了建筑可以通过自身设计和塑造来满足不同的功能需求，并且提升居住质量，而庞大的造价不再是单一的决定因素。同时，建筑应当结合功能、精神需求，以及全新的生活方式，除此之外，建筑更应当以人为本。

Casa Palmas provides a different meaning to the social and contemporary architecture of the local area. It shows the way architecture can improve life conditions through spatial experiences that must not depend on large budgets. Also, it should be linked to functional, spiritual needs and new ways of living under the idea that architecture is for everyone.

建筑设计：DOSA STUDIO
地点：墨西哥，特斯科科
主创建筑师：Raúl Medina, Sergio Sousa.
合作方：Abraham Servin, Angélica Pasten, Mariana Morales, Daniel Castillo, Carlos Cruz.
面积：160.0 m2
项目时间：2018年
摄影：Onnis Luque
制造商：Novaceramic, Mezcla Brava

Architects: DOSA STUDIO
Location: Texcoco, Mexico
Architects in Charge: Raúl Medina, Sergio Sousa.
Collaborators: Abraham Servin, Angélica Pasten, Mariana Morales, Daniel Castillo, Carlos Cruz.
Area: 160.0 m2
Project Year: 2018
Photographs: Onnis Luque
Manufacturers: Novaceramic, Mezcla Brava