© Beautiful Landscape / Shutterstock. ImageVenice, Italy
Why Do We Travel?
由专筑网小R编译
人人都想周游世界，这样能够认识新伙伴、品尝新食物、参观新场所，因此，旅游业的发展十分迅猛，因此也使得旅游场所愈发拥挤，污染状况直线上升。
那么我们为什么要旅行？在本次的编辑谈话中，四位来自黎巴嫩、美国、智利的编辑分享了他们对于旅行的意义的看法，同时也谈论了游客们在享受巴西的海滩的同时，也应该关心巴西这座城市的原因。
Nicolas Valencia：每年6月，旅行都是个热门话题，我们也发表了许多关于旅行的建筑指南与文章，但是我们没有说到具体的旅行体验，那么旅行对你们而言意味着什么呢？
Dima Stouhi：我出生且生长于黎巴嫩，但是我下个月会搬到瑞士，这也是我第一次在国外生活，因为黎巴嫩和其他国家有很大的不同，因此旅行对我而言十分重要，我想看看其他人的生活与文化。
Eric Baldwin：我常常介绍自己的时候会说，我来自爱荷华州的乡村，我对于这个世界的文化与工作方式的看法十分受限。在大学的时候，我的世界观有了很大的改观。我在诸如中国、意大利、希腊等地学习与工作。我相信背景就是一切，旅行是拓展你的知识背景的好方法。
Christele Harrouk：我出生在黎巴嫩首都贝鲁特，来自法国，因此旅行对我而言相对容易一些，我也可以选择在国外生活。但是，我并没有这样选，因为对我而言，家庭更加重要一些。但是旅行能够让我看到世界上的一切，同时也让我更加珍惜自己所拥有的东西。
Nicolas Valencia：但是这在今天还是有些奢侈。
Eric Baldwin：旅行对我而言并没有价值，因为游客们给环境带来了很大的损坏，同时这也是一种奢侈的行为，就像Greta Thunberg曾经展示过，以零排放的形式横渡大西洋，那么人们也应该相处更优化的旅行方式，因为目前的方式并不符合可持续的需求。
Dima Stouhi：对于我这种需要签证的人来说，旅行太奢侈了。
Everyone wants to travel the world, whether it's to meet new people, taste new food, or visit new places. Travel is consequently an extremely lucrative industry, but tourist destinations are getting more crowded than ever and associated pollution emissions are only worsening the climate emergency.
Why do we travel? In this edition of Editor's Talk, four editors from ArchDaily based in Lebanon, the United States, and Chile share their thoughts on the meaning of travel, and why tourists enjoying a beach in a location like Brazil should also care about the cities they visit
Nicolas Valencia: Travel was June's Monthly Topic. Back then we published articles about architecture guides and travel-related typologies, but we didn't talk about the experience of traveling. What does travel mean to you?
Dima Stouhi: I was born and raised in Lebanon, but I'm moving to Switzerland next month. This will be the first time that I experience living abroad. Because Lebanon is so different from any other country, traveling is incredibly important for me to see how other people live and what other cultures are like.
Eric Baldwin: I often introduce myself by saying that I’m a farm kid from rural Iowa. My idea of the world, including different cultures and ways of working, was limited for much of my youth. In college, that worldview expanded greatly. I was able to study and travel around the world, in places like China, Italy, and Greece. I believe that context is everything; travel is one way to expand your context.
Christele Harrouk: I was born in Beirut too, coming from French roots, so It was always easier for me to travel, and it was always an option for me to live abroad. Nevertheless, I never opted for this choice: I did spend a couple of months here and there, but to me, the notion of home was more important. Traveling has opened my eyes to what this world holds, and it has also made me better appreciate what I had and took for granted.
Nicolas Valencia: But it's still a luxury nowadays.
Eric Baldwin: Travel has been priceless to me, but it’s also become terribly destructive to our environment. In many ways, it is a luxury. As Greta Thunberg showed when sailing across the Atlantic on a zero-emissions yacht, we have to come up with better ways to travel. Our current conditions are becoming more and more unsustainable.
Dima Stouhi: Traveling is definitely a luxury now. Especially for people who need visas to travel, like me.
如果你去旅行了，那么你就是一位失败者
If you travel, you are a loser
Charles-de-Gaulle airport, Terminal 1, Paris, 1967-1974. Image © Paul Maurer
Nicolas Valencia：在6月份，我们推出了一篇文章，标题为“旅行的时代已经结束”，作者说，“如果你为了谋生而旅行，那么你就是一位失败者，如果你为了看风景而旅行，那么你就是地球的敌人。”
Eric Baldwin：这其实是一种偏激的说法，旅行还是很重要，但是可以有更好的方式，或者可以在不伤害环境的前提下，把人们聚集起来，从而更好地保护环境。
Christele Harrouk：旅行是一种学习的纯粹形式，也能够获取到最为真实的各种信息，但是我们总是有这样的想法，如果你不好好利用这些经历，那么它们就毫无益处，这个过程就是徒劳的。我遇到的人越多越发现，很多看似徜徉的人们都封闭着自己的内心。
Dima Stouhi：旅行的想法现在不一样了，人们的旅行目的是为了告诉别人自己去过哪里，他们并没有考虑到一路上会给环境带来怎样的伤害。
Nicolas Valencia：Dima说到点上了。旅行成为了一种空虚的方式，人们的目的是说自己去过这个地方，对于那些在旅行中并无所获的人们我持有批评的态度，但是我也会想，“为什么他们会以同样的方式经历这些历程？”
Dima Stouhi：那么这就是问题的所在了，这是个角度为听你，我对没有从旅行中学到东西的人们也持有怀疑的态度。虽然人们各不相同，但是至少一次经历、一座建筑，甚至一餐美食都能给他们留下印记，这其实也与他们在旅行中所关注的东西相关。
Eric Baldwin：我们旅行着工作、探索、联系家人和朋友、发帖子、逃避日常生活。但是只要我们对这些事情持有质疑、且对环境负责的态度，那么旅行就有意义。除了场所之外，“好”或是“坏”的游客也需要承担一定的责任。如果你只是为了逃避日常生活而旅行，但是你并不了解旅行城市的风土热情，那这就不好吗？这其实是整体背景的问题。
Nicolas Valencia: In June we published an article titled The Age of Travel is Over. The author says that "if you travel to earn your living, you are a loser. If you travel to see places, or to learn, you are an enemy of the planet."
Eric Baldwin: I think it was meant to be a sort of provocation. Travel is still so important, but that doesn't mean there aren't better ways to travel. Or that we shouldn't continue to imagine new modes of connection that bring us together and expand our context without harming the environment.
Christele Harrouk: Traveling is a pure form of learning, possibly the most genuine way of getting information, but I always go back to the idea that if you don't do anything with these experiences, they become useless and the whole process becomes futile in a way. The more I meet people, the more I discover that a lot of them, who pretend to roam the globe, are so closed into themselves.
Dima Stouhi: The idea of traveling is different now. People want to travel to show everyone that they traveled or just for the sake of traveling. There isn't much thought to what they harm along the way.
Nicolas Valencia: Dima has a point. Traveling has become a sort of meta-traveling: visit a place to say you visited a place. I'm very critical of those who don't learn anything from traveling, but then, I think, "Why should they experience it the same way I do?
Dima Stouhi: That's the thing, it's a matter of perspective. I doubt that people "never learn" from traveling. Regardless of how different each individual is, at least one experience, building, or even meal is going to get stuck in their head. It's just a matter of what people are paying attention to while traveling.
Eric Baldwin: We travel to work, to discover, to connect with family or friends, to get the perfect Instagram post, to escape. As long as we continue to question why, and whether we are doing so responsibly, I think travel will continue to have meaning. Beyond location, I think being a "good" vs. a "bad" tourist is part responsibility and part perspective. If you travel to escape your daily life and enjoy a beach in Brazil, but you don’t care to learn about the city, people, or culture you visit, is that inherently bad? Again, it’s a matter of context.
有许多旅行者的城市
Cities for rich tourists
© Dan Davison, under license CC BY 2.0. ImageA large cruise entering into Venice
Nicolas Valencia：几天之前，Bloomberg在Instagram里发表了一张图标，大意是说明“旅行目的地会变得更加拥挤”，尤其是在欧洲。最近我们也看到，威尼斯的历史中心开始禁止大型游轮的驶入。那么各大城市应该如何应对旅行这件事呢？
Dima Stouhi：我赞同威尼斯的做法。去年8月，我去了梵蒂冈，但是我很想离开，因为太拥挤了。我们好像没办法停下来去参观周围，Sistine教堂里甚至没有驻足参观的地方。
Eric Baldwin：这十分棘手。它事关文物，那么保护的文物是否成为了没有功能性的风景呢？那么，回到背景这个说法。旅游给城市带来了什么？又带走了什么？遗产有任何作用吗？但是，没有一座城市保持不变，那么，旅游业也会不断改变。
Dima Stouhi：那么保护应该是第一位的，因为我们了解历史遗产的价值，但是大多数人并非如此。
Eric Baldwin：我质疑历史遗产的价值，那么我们如何权衡遗产问题呢？为什么金字塔值得保留？这是一个与价值相关的问题，那么反过来，这也与我们旅行的原因直接相关。
Nicolas Valencia：诸如西班牙等国家就十分依赖于旅游业，这个产业占国内GDP的13%。那么，如果你所在的城市十分依赖旅游业，那么整体的监管就十分艰难。无论如何，如果直接限定旅游业的发展，那么会影响到中产阶级的游客们。
Christele Harrouk：嗯，但是我也并不确定，也许不是限制，也许是让它们更具组织性。
Dima Stouhi：我并不相信提升价格和限制旅行是好的解决方式。这就像Christele说的那样，政府对于旅游业的组织方式十分重要。
Christele Harrouk：这是城市的责任，它们为不同地区做宣传，这并不难，只是它们并不会主动做这件事。营销策略能够改变游客的集中程度，或者将游客分散开来，让新地区得以发展。
Nicolas Valencia：如果去威尼斯，那么我就想去城市中心，而不是郊区。
Christele Harrouk：那么如果在郊区有一座扎哈的作品呢？你也许就会花少一些的时间在市中心了。
Nicolas Valencia: Bloomberg published a chart on Instagram a few days ago explaining that "tourist destinations are only going to get more crowded," especially in Europe. We recently saw Venice ban large cruises from its historical center. How do we think other cities are going to deal with tourism?
Dima Stouhi: I support Venice's decision. I went to Vatican City last year in August. I remember at one point I just wanted to leave because of how crowded it was. We couldn't even stop for one second to look around us. There was no place to stand in the Sistine Chapel. It's sad.
Eric Baldwin: It’s a tricky thing. It’s tied to preservation: when does saving something relegate it to becoming frozen, functionless scenery? Again, I go back to context. What does tourism give to a city, and what does it take away? Does heritage have a part to play? No city remains the same, and in turn, tourism and travel have to change too.
Dima Stouhi: But Eric, the way we see it, preservation comes first because we know and appreciate the value of historical sites. The majority of people don't.
Eric Baldwin: I question the value of historical sites. How do we measure relevance or heritage? Why are the pyramids worth preserving? It’s a question — and battle — of values and those things that define us. In turn, it’s directly related to why we travel.
Nicolas Valencia: Countries such as Spain rely strongly on tourism — the industry accounts for around 13% of its GDP. It's hard to regulate if your city's economy relies so strongly on tourism. Anyway, I'd assume that restricting access to tourists will eventually punish middle-class tourists.
Christele Harrouk: Well, I'm not sure about this. Maybe not restrict accesses but make them more organized.
Dima Stouhi: I don't believe that increasing prices and limiting access to rich tourists is the way to solve it. I think it's like what Christele said: it's how governments organize it that might make a difference.
Christele Harrouk: This is the responsibility of the cities: they have to advertise different areas. It's not difficult, but they just don't take the initiative. Changes in marketing strategies can indirectly reduce the concentration of tourists in one place and divide it into many regions, making new areas grow and develop as well.
Nicolas Valencia: If I'm going to Venice, I'm going to visit downtown, not a peripheral neighborhood.
Christele Harrouk: But if there is a Zaha Hadid building in the periphery, you will go there, and spend less time downtown.
我爱城市品牌
I Love City Branding
A souvenir store located near Times Square in Manhattan, New York. Image © Roman Tiraspolsky
Nicolas Valencia：我们一直在谈论欧洲，那么拉丁美洲呢？非洲呢？亚洲呢？你去过这些地方吗？
Dima Stouhi：那是梦想的旅行场所！
Nicolas Valencia：在拉丁美洲，我们就对于欧洲和美国更感兴趣，而不是自己所在的地区。因此去拉丁美洲的机票非常便宜。
Christele Harrouk：这具有全球性质，你不认为城市品牌就是这么来的吗？
Nicolas Valencia：当然了，城市品牌定义了我们对于城市的看法。但是有一件事让我感到了不安，比如人们在国外呆了一个星期之后，他们就认为自己很了解这个国家了。我们都有着不同的想法与生活背景，因此每个人去到某座城市的经历都完全不同，每个人对于城市的看法也各不相同，那么这些定义就不存在太多的共性。
Dima Stouhi：我认为这些假定是人们的正常反应。不管是否与他们所见有不同，他们都认为这是一个缺陷。
Eric Baldwin：我认为这是一件很难改变的事情。你去过更多的地方，那么你就有更多的观点，但是，你的理解力也有限。人们在参观某座城市之后，同样会有一些固定的思维方式，因为你的个人背景和你的旅行也是息息相关的，人们的成长环境对于自身都有很大的限制。
Nicolas Valencia: We have been talking about Europe, but what about Latin America? Africa? Asia? Have you visited these regions?
Dima Stouhi: Dream destinations, big budgets!
Nicolas Valencia: In Latin America, we are more interested in visiting Europe and the US, rather than our own region. This is despite the fact that airfare has plummeted in this region, so it's cheaper than ever to travel across Latin America
Christele Harrouk: This may be global, but don't you think this is where city branding comes in hand?
Nicolas Valencia: Sure, city branding defines what we think about them. But one thing that freaks me out about traveling is that after spending a week abroad, people think they gain a certain power to explain what a whole country is like. We each have different backgrounds of emotions, ideas, and expectations, so a gay man visiting a city after breaking up might have a totally different experience from a heterosexual woman who meets a guy in that same city. Each person's visions of the same city are completely unique, which means these narratives can't be universal..
Dima Stouhi: I think these assumptions are a normal human reaction. Whatever is different from what they usually see, they pin-point it as if it were a flaw..
Eric Baldwin: I think that's a very hard thing to change. You inherently have more perspective than someone who has never been there, but at the same time, you have an inherently limited understanding as well. I think the after-visit stereotypes will continue to happen, as Identity is always tied to travel and context. How that context is shaped happens in a myriad of ways, and defines who we are.
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