Dubrovnik, Croatia. Drone photo by @spencerdavisphoto
公共空间和城市区域：12个广场的鸟瞰视角
Public Spaces and Urban Areas: 12 Squares Viewed from Above
由专筑网邢子，小R编译
城市广场的一些最典型的特征与人们在空间中的存在和目的有关，如社交、运动、旅游和集会。这些不同的用途，往往是项目中没有预见到的，但却与场地密切相关，人们可以在这里走动并体验空间。另一方面，从空中视角而言，广场可以揭示出与其建筑设计及其在城市环境中的位置有关的其他因素。
整个城市公共空间的安排、街道的组织以及满或空的关系是一些因素，随着我们的移动，能够看到更多的元素，而且更加明显。例如，利用航拍照片，人们可以感受到广场的形状，以及它们与城市布局的关系，又或者在另一些城市，广场的存在可能破坏了网格的秩序和节奏。
Some of the most characteristic features of city squares are related to the presence of people in the space and the purposes they are given, such as places for socializing, sports, tourism, and demonstrations. These different uses, often not foreseen in the project, are closely associated with the ground level, where people can walk around and experience the space. Viewed from an aerial perspective, on the other hand, squares can reveal other aspects related to their architectural design and their placement in the urban context.
The arrangement of public spaces throughout the city, the organization of streets, and the empty/full relationship are some of the aspects that become more visible as we move away and are able to view more elements. Using aerial photographs one can perceive, for example, how the shape of a square can determine the urban layout in some cities, while in others, their presence can disrupt the order and rhythm of the grid.
Umberto 广场（意大利 阿沃拉）
Image created by @dailyoverview, source imagery: @digitalglobe
1693年阿沃拉被地震摧毁后，城市在新的位置上重建，整体规划采用了受文艺复兴时期建筑启发的几何六边形。规律的正交规划特点是两条主要道路的相交形成一个十字形，确定了四个街区和一个中心广场。
Piazza Umberto I (Avola, Italy)
After Avola was destroyed by an earthquake in 1693, the city was reconstructed in a new location using a geometric, hexagonal plan inspired by Renaissance architecture. The regular orthogonal plan features two main roads that intersect forming a cross that determines four neighborhoods and a central square.
Ejecutivo 广场（墨西哥 墨西哥城）
Created by @benjaminrgrant, source imagery: @digitalglobe
和许多具有规则几何规划的广场一样，墨西哥城的Ejecutivo广场位于放射状排列的街道中心。从广场延伸出来的16条街道组成了联邦区，其布局有别于城市的其他区域。
Plaza Del Ejecutivo (Mexico City, Mexico)
Like many squares with regular geometric plans, the Plaza del Ejecutivo in Mexico City is located in the center of radially arranged streets. The 16 streets that stretch out from the plaza compose the Colonia Federal, with a layout that stands out from other areas of the city.
Porta Ravegnana广场（意大利 博洛尼亚）
Image created by @dailyoverview, source imagery: @bogdandada
博洛尼亚双塔位于Porta Ravegnana广场。几个世纪以来，广场经历了许多变化，包括在19世纪和20世纪之间，从这里出发，修建了通往许多城市“大门”的道路。
Piazza di Porta Ravegnana (Bologna, Italy)
The Two Towers of Bologna, the Asinelli Tower and the Garisenda Tower, are located in the Piazza di Porta Ravegnana. The square has undergone many transformations over the centuries, including the construction of roads departing from this point towards the many "gates" of the city between the 19th and 20th centuries.
Doctor Letamendi广场（西班牙 巴塞罗那）
© Daily Overview
菱形的Doctor Letamendi广场位于Eixample区,与巴塞罗那的主干道Carrer d'Aragó相交。巴塞罗那城市街区的建筑物和街道上独特的倒角为广场和周围的街道让路。
Plaça del Doctor Letamendi (Barcelona, Spain)
Located in the Eixample district, the diamond-shaped Plaça del Doctor Letamendi is intersected by Carrer d’Aragó, a major thoroughfare in Barcelona. The distinctive chamfered corners of buildings and streets in Barcelona's city blocks are receded even further to give way to the square and the streets around it.
Carlo Maria Carafa广场（意大利 格拉米切勒）
Created by @benjaminrgrant, source imagery: @digitalglobe
西西里岛格拉米切莱市的整个街道和地段网络都起源于Carlo Maria Carafa广场，从六边形广场两侧分出的街道也穿过其他六个位于中央广场周围的广场。城市是在1693年被地震摧毁的Occhialà老城基础上重新建立。
Piazza Carlo Maria Carafa (Grammichele, Italy)
The whole network of streets and lots found in the city of Grammichele, Sicily, originates in the Piazza Carlo Maria Carafa. The streets parting from the sides of the hexagon-shaped square also cross six other squares located in the surroundings of the central square. The city was built in 1693 after the destruction of the old town of Occhialà by an earthquake.
AT&T广场（美国 芝加哥）
Image created by @dailyoverview, source imagery: @nearmap
AT&T广场是芝加哥千禧公园的一个公共空间，因举办Cloud Gate而闻名，绰号“The Bean ”。这座由Anish Kapoor爵士创作的雕塑已经成为芝加哥游客最多的旅游景点，也是被游客拍摄最多的著名景点，这使得广场成为非常繁华的区域，每天都挤满了游客和城市居民。
AT&T Plaza (Chicago, United States)
AT&T Plaza is a public space in Millenium Park, Chicago, known for hosting the Cloud Gate, nicknamed The Bean. The sculpture created by Sir Anish Kapoor has become one of Chicago's most visited and photographed tourist attractions, which makes the square a very busy area, crowded with tourists and city residents every day.
Tetuan广场（西班牙 巴塞罗那）
Created by @benjaminrgrant, source imagery: @digitalglobe
Tetuan广场位于Eixample地区两条主要大道的交汇处，其圆形的设计使周围的住宅楼设计采用了扇形造型，与巴塞罗那典型的住宅楼相比，这种设计非常独特。
Plaça de Tetuan (Barcelona, Spain)
Plaça de Tetuan is located at the intersection of two major avenues in Eixample and its circular design makes the surrounding residential blocks adopt a kind of fan shape, a very unique arrangement compared to the typical residential blocks of Barcelona.
San Pietro广场（梵蒂冈）
Created by @benjaminrgrant, source imagery: @digitalglobe
梵蒂冈城的San Pietro广场是世界上最受欢迎和游客最多的广场。广场由Gian Lorenzo Bernini设计，建于1656年至1667年之间，位于圣彼得大教堂的正前方，周围是巨大的多立克柱廊，内有140座雕像。
Piazza San Pietro (Vatican City)
Piazza San Pietro in Vatican City is one of the most popular and visited squares in the world. Designed by Gian Lorenzo Bernini and built between 1656 and 1667, the square is located directly in front of St. Peter's Basilica and is surrounded by massive Doric colonnades containing the statues of 140 saints.
Poljana Marina Držića广场（克罗地亚 杜布罗夫尼克）
Drone photo by @spencerdavisphoto
圣母升天大教堂位于老城区，建于17世纪至18世纪，周围是一片公共空间，整个老城区都不允许车辆进入。因此，通往这里的狭窄街道遇到了一个自由开放的区域，可以用作多种用途。
Poljana Marina Držića (Dubrovnik, Croatia)
Located in the old town, the Assumption Cathedral, built between the 17th and 18th centuries, is surrounded by a public space where no cars are allowed, as is the entire old town area. Thus, the narrow streets leading to this spot find a free and open area that allows multiple uses.
Grande广场（意大利 帕尔马诺瓦）
© Daily Overview
Palmanova城建于16世纪,在17世纪和19世纪经历了同心圆式的扩建，出于军事目的，城市至今仍保留着九点星形的防御工事。Grande广场位于城市中心，形状类似六边形，有六条道路分别通向不同方向。
Piazza Grande (Palmanova, Italy)
The city of Palmanova was built in the 16th century (having undergone concentric expansions during the 17th and 19th centuries) for military purposes and still preserves the fortifications in the shape of a nine-pointed star. Piazza Grande, located in the center of the city, is shaped like a hexagon and has six roads that lead to each one of its sides.
大教堂广场（意大利 米兰）
Image created by @dailyoverview, source imagery: @maxartechnologies
米兰大教堂所在的广场整体面积为17000平方米，标志着伦巴第首府的中心。周围有Vittorio Emanuele画廊和Reale广场等地标性建筑，这里经常挤满了游客以及城市居民。
Piazza del Duomo (Milan, Italy)
The square where Duomo di Milano is located has an overall area of 17,000 m2 and marks the center of the capital of Lombardy. Surrounded by landmarks like the Galleria Vittorio Emanuele and the Palazzo Reale, this place is often crowded with tourists as well as the city's inhabitants.
Cinema广场（西班牙 马德里）
© Daily Overview
该广场位于马德里的Palomeras Bajas社区，其特点是严格的网格模式和带有公共庭院的住宅。广场占地一个街区，由于繁茂的树木，广场相当阴凉。
Plaza Cinema (Madrid, Spain)
The square is located in the Palomeras Bajas neighborhood in Madrid, characterized by a strict grid pattern and apartment blocks with communal courtyards. The square occupies the area of one block and is quite shady due to the presence of trees.
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