Image © José Hevia
如何在预算内翻新室内空间
How to Renovate Interior Spaces on a Budget
由专筑网邢子，小R编译
在谈论室内装修时，最常听到的一句话也许是 "无论你最初计划花多少钱，最终都会翻倍，同时也要花双倍的时间"。装修，无论规模，都非常劳民伤财，特别是在最后突然出现的意外变化。然而，我们经常遇到这样的情况：室内布局不太合理，或者我们觉得设计有点过时，这就是时候进行改变了。
给空间进行升级并不一定意味着要花掉很多钱，而节约也不一定意味着质量低。从自己动手，到赋予家具全新的功能，这里有不同的方法，你可以在节省资金的情况下翻新住宅和商业的室内空间。
选择DIY（自己动手）的方法可能是最简单的，也是最有趣的，这是节省室内装修费用的方法之一。虽然雇用工人可以确保在质量和工期，但劳动费用可以节省或使用在项目的其他部分。如果你没有技能或空闲时间，在选择使用外部帮助时要非常谨慎，将其使用在管道或电路等方面。一旦你决定采取DIY的方式，你可以从家人、邻居或朋友那里借来工具，这样也可以节省一笔费用。
Perhaps one of the most common phrases you'll hear when talking about interior renovations is "whatever you initially planned on spending, double it, and double the time with it". Renovations, regardless of their scale, can be very time consuming and costly, especially when unexpected changes pop up last minute. However, we are often met with situations where the interior layout is no longer efficient or we feel that the interior design is a little outdated and its time for a change.
Giving your space an upgrade does not necessarily mean spending all your savings, and spending less does not necessarily mean low quality work. From doing the construction work yourself, to giving furniture pieces completely new functions, here are different ways you can renovate residential and commercial interior spaces without breaking the bank.
Opting for a DIY (Do It Yourself) approach could possibly be one of the easiest - and fun - ways to save money on interior renovations. Although hiring contractors and/or construction workers ensures ideal finishing in terms of quality and time, their labor fees can be saved or invested in other parts of the project. If you do not have the skillset - or free time - to do the work yourself, be very selective in where you choose to use external help, limiting it to the likes of plumbing or electric work. Once you do decide to go for the DIY approach, close off one room or area in the house and transform it into a little workshop for the entirety of the project, and borrow tools from family members, neighbors, or friends to avoid paying a huge sum on devices you won't be using frequently in the near future.
Image © HAIYI
尽量考虑周边的情况，选择容易使用的当地的材料、技能和施工方法。由于人们对建筑造成的环境和经济支出越来越关注，世界上最大的人口基地和经济发展最快的中国，鼓励设计师考虑更符合当地条件的建筑方法，例如研究重新使用当地材料，如木材、瓷砖、石头、砖、竹子、夯土和回收的窑砖。这些选择通常在离家不远的地方就能找到，所以在开始项目之前，要尽可能多地询问和研究。
Think local. Whether it being local material, expertise, or construction methods, vernacular techniques and materials are becoming more and more relevant in architecture due to their financial and environmental benefits. Due to growing concerns about environmental and economic expenses caused by construction, China, which is considered the world’s largest population base and fastest economic development, has encouraged its architects to consider methods of construction that are more responsive to local conditions, such as examining the reuse of local materials like wood, tiles, stones, bricks, bamboo, rammed earth, and recycled kiln bricks. Affordable options are often found not too far from home so ask around and research as much as you can before beginning the project.
移除
Remove
Image © Yevhenii Avramenko
这可能并不明显，但每天坐在一个拥挤的房间里，周围都是大量的家具和配件，你会感到不堪重负，特别是如果工作空间也感觉同样拥挤。这表明是时候清理空间了，移除不再具有价值的家具或装饰品。同样的情况也适用于墙体，如果你倾向于增加空间流通性，那就尽可能去除非承重物。可以在专业人员的帮助下，确定你要拆除的是什么类型的墙，以避免影响结构。
It might not always seem so obvious, but sitting in a crowded room surrounded by a mass of furniture pieces and accessories on a daily basis will eventually feel overwhelming, especially if the workspace looks and feels just as crowded. This indicates that it's time to clear up the space and remove furniture or décor pieces that are no longer adding value or have reached the end of their shelf life. The same could be applied to walls, if you are leaning towards adding more space or freeing up the circulation, remove any non-loadbearing wherever possible. Be certain of what type of wall you're removing by using the help of an expert to avoid a structural disaster.
Image © Andrey Bezuglov
剥去墙壁上现有的油漆，采用工业化的外观，这样也可以节省大量的资金。但这种方式最好用于内墙，而不是外墙，否则还要使用大量的保温隔热材料。
Stripping walls from existing paint work and going for an industrial look can save a lot of money as well. Keep in mind though that exposed walls are best used in internal walls rather than exterior ones or facades to refrain from using a lot of insulation material.
重新粉刷
Repaint
Image © Carolina Lacaz
大多数室内设计师都认为油漆是改变室内空间的最便宜和最有效的方法。首先可以考虑重新粉刷墙壁和天花板，其中最便宜的材料是水性涂料。但便宜的油漆几乎不含钛，可能需要差不多三层才能相当于一层昂贵的高质量油漆的覆盖率。改变橱柜、门或窗框的颜色也可以大大改变空间的视觉特征。确保先用底漆打磨面板和油漆，然后用实惠的水性配方重新涂刷，以达到亚光效果。还可以使用"仿木"工艺，通过将天然鬃毛刷或木质模板浸入较深的色调或乳胶漆中，创造出木质纹理，并在表面添加纹理，或者使用"变色"工艺，创造出假花岗岩或大理石饰面。
Most interior designers can agree that paint is one of the least expensive and most effective ways to change an interior space. The first surfaces to consider repainting are walls and ceilings, with the least expensive material being water-based paints. Keep in mind though that cheaper paints contain little-to-no titanium, which may take almost three coats to equal the coverage of one coat of expensive, high-quality paint. Changing the color of cabinets, doors, or window frames can also greatly change the visual identity of the space. Make sure to sand the panels and paint with primer first, and then repaint them with an affordable water-based formula or a unique chalk-based formula for a more matte finish. You can also use the "faux bois" technique to create a wood grain by dipping a natural bristle brush or wood stencil in a darker shade or latex paint, and adding texture to the surfaces, or use the trompe l’oeil technique to create fake granite or marble finishes.
Image © Luis Diaz Diaz
就家具而言，给椅子重新上漆可能比买新的要便宜得多，特别是如果它们仍然能够正常使用，并且有设计感。另一个"可重新粉刷"的设计元素是瓷砖，改变瓷砖的颜色可以给空间带来一个全新的体验。除了墙壁、橱柜、椅子和瓷砖之外，厨房台面也可以改造，用底漆涂抹表面，然后用类似海绵的模版或刷子点涂和擦拭，制作假的花岗岩/大理石表面。最后可以用面漆覆盖表面，保护油漆不受热和清洁化学品的影响。虽然翻新台面可能并不便宜，但它很可能比订购一个全新的大理石台面要经济，特别是如果你所寻找的设计和纹理需要花费昂贵的价格。
In terms of furniture, repainting chairs can cost a lot less than buying new ones, especially if they are still in good shape and have a timeless design. Another "re-paintable" design element, one that is often overlooked, is tiling grout; Changing the color of tiling grouts can give a brand new identity to the space and visually frame the installed fixtures. In addition to the walls, cabinets, chairs, and grouts, kitchen countertops can be entirely remodeled by painting the surface with primer then dabbed and blotted with sponge-like stencils or brushes to create a fake granite/marble finish. The final step would be to cover the surface with top coat to protect the paint from heat and cleaning chemicals. Although renovating countertops might not be cheap, but it will most likely cost less than ordering a brand new marble counter, especially if the design and texture you're looking for is pricey.
回收利用
Recycle
Image © Amores Pictures
最重要的装修预算技巧之一是利用你拥有的东西。说到这里，应该想到的第一个问题是：与购买新家具相比，修理家具需要多少钱？有的时候，购买一个新物件的成本比翻新或自己制作要低得多，所以在做最后决定之前，一定要对市场上有哪些东西以及它们的不同售价做一些研究。第二，不要立刻扔掉任何东西，每件物品都有可能重生，所以省钱的最好办法是利用你拥有的东西。例如，不要随便扔掉框架良好的沙发或餐椅，可以改变其坐垫或布料。如果没有可以重新利用的家具，也可以在旧货店中找到许多有潜力的物品。
One of the most important renovating-on-a-budget tips is work with what you have. With that being said, the first question that should come to mind is: how much will it cost to repair the furniture piece compared to buying a new one? There are times when buying a new object costs a lot less than renovating or making your own, so make sure to do some research on what's available on the market and all the different prices that they are being sold at before making a final decision. Second, don't throw anything just yet- every item has the potential to be reborn into something new so the best way to save money is to work with what you have. For instance, instead of throwing away sofas or dining chairs, you can reupholster the cushions and fabric, especially if the frame is still relatively brand new. And if you don't have furniture pieces that can be repurposed, you can find many items with potential in thrift stores or garage sales.
Image Courtesy of People’s Architecture Office
你也可以对“形式服从功能”的原则有所取舍，稍微调整一件家具或装修的设计，并根据它的外观赋予它全新的功能。包括将旧梳妆台改造成迷你厨房岛、电视柜、浴室盥洗台，甚至婴儿换洗台，将粗绳或皮革带子改造成橱柜和门把手，以及将梅花瓶、原木或网篮改造成灯具等等。同样地，也可以将利用率不高的房间与现有的家具一起改造。例如，一个很少使用的餐厅可以被改造成一个家庭办公室。与其购买一个新的符合人体工程学的书桌和椅子，不如把餐桌作为一个大书桌，给现有的餐椅重新铺上装饰毯，并为你的电脑购买符合人体工程学的配件。
You can also have a take on the "form follows function" principle by slightly (or greatly) tweaking the design of a furniture piece or fit-out and giving it a completely new function based on what it looks like. A few examples include transforming old dressers into a mini kitchen island, TV unit, bathroom vanity, or even a baby changing table, thick ropes or leather straps into cabinet and door handles, and mason jars, wooden logs, or mesh baskets into light fixtures, to name a few. Similarly, you can repurpose the function of unused rooms along with their existing furniture. For example, a rarely-used formal dining room can be transformed into a home office. Instead of buying a new ergonomic desk and chair, use the dining table as a large desk, reupholster the existing dining chair, and buy ergonomic accessories for your computer / laptop instead.
替换
Replace
Image © Atsushi Ishida
低预算往往表示“以修饰代替更换”，但在某些情况下，更换才是王道，尤其是在材料和装饰方面，可以对不同类型的材料或装饰进行研究或比较。通常情况下，材料可以有类似的质地或装饰性，但价格却截然不同，这是因为它们的来源以及质地。考虑一下材料的二重性，如铝和不锈钢，玻璃和亚克力，红染色白蜡木和红橡木。
Low budget often indicates "refinishing instead of replacing" but in some cases, replacing is the way to go, especially when it comes to materials and finishing. Before beginning, do a research or comparative study on the different types of materials or finishing available. Oftentimes, materials can have similar textures or finishing but are priced on two opposite spectrums, due to where they are sourced from and how much of their composition is engineered vs solid. Consider material doppelgangers such as aluminum and stainless steel, glass and acrylic, and red-stained white ash wood and red oak.
Image © Chao Zhang
在装修时，电源插座常常被忽视，然而，这些小配件可以极大地影响空间的视觉效果，它们可能一直以来缺少流行色彩或样式。同样，门和橱柜的把手或许是很小的设计细节，但它们一旦被改变，就能产生巨大的设计差异。
Power outlets are often disregarded when it comes to renovations. However, these small accessories can greatly impact how the space visually comes together - they could be the pop-of-color or accent that's been missing all along. Similarly, door and cabinet handles/knobs may seem like a minor design detail, but they are capable of making a huge design difference once changed.
整理
Reorganize
Image © Imagen Subliminal
同时考虑空间而不仅仅是平面，重新安排家具布局。抬高沙发或床，可以在下方构造存储空间。房间的空间布局也讲述一个故事：你如何在空间内行动，你的喜好是什么，你喜欢被扑面而来的阳光唤醒，还是想要不被打扰？与其购买遮光窗帘，不如改变你的床的方向，把它朝向远离朝东的窗户。另一个重要的提示是，除非有必要，否则不要重新布置卫生设施。任何关于管道或电路的工作都需要专业人员的帮助，反过来说，这些可能是昂贵的。所以尽量把这些固定设施看作是不可移动的装饰，并围绕它们开展设计。
Rearrange the furniture layout by thinking of elevations not just plans. Elevate sofas or beds and build a new structural support beneath to help make room for additional storage space. The spatial layout of a room should tell a story - your story - of how you circulate around the space and what your preferences are; do you like to be woken up by a flood of sunlight on your face or would you rather wake up alone and undisturbed? Instead of buying black-out curtains, change the orientation of your bed, facing it away from an Eastern window. Another important tip is to not relocate any sanitary fixture unless necessary. Anything that requires plumbing or electric work will most likely require the help of a professional, which in return, might be costly. Think of these fixtures as immovable fit-outs and work around them.
增设
Add
Image © Alexandre Disaro
翻新也可以包括对空间进行增设。在厨房（偶尔也包括浴室），在水槽和台面后面添加背板可以极大地改变空间的特性和感觉。虽然有许多经济实惠的瓷砖选择，但也有大量经济实惠的挡板选择，如马赛克瓷砖、剥落式乙烯基瓷砖、防水墙纸、清漆木板、有色玻璃、砖和防水涂料（这往往是偏贵的）。
Renovations could also include making additions to the space. In kitchens (and occasionally bathrooms), adding a backsplash behind the sink and countertops can dramatically change the identity and feel of the space. While there are many affordable tiling options, plenty of budget-friendly backsplash options are available to choose from, such as mosaic tiles, peel-and-stick vinyl tiles, waterproof wallpaper, varnished wooden panels, tinted glass, brick, and waterproof paint (this tends to be on the costly side).
Image © Daniel Pavesi
增加一面或多面重点墙来装饰空间也是一个很好的方式，无论是通过壁纸、手绘壁画、钢网艺术，还是通过将木板或条状物粘在墙上，将墙面制造成一个三维表面，或是涂上纯色，以创造一种深度感。
Decorate the space by adding one or more accent walls throughout the areas that are being renovated, whether it's through wallpapers, hand-drawn murals, stencil art, or extruding the wall into a 3D surface by gluing wood panels or bars onto the wall, and painting the entire surface with a solid color to create a sense of depth.
Image © Imagen Subliminal
建造墙壁去获得额外的空间是非常昂贵的，而且往往需要泥瓦匠的帮助，相反，可以增加由低成本和轻质材料制成的隔断，如木梁、竹子、胶合板、空心玻璃方块或粘土块，这些材料容易操作和组装。最后，与其拆除现有的地板，不如用新材料取代它们，比如用剥离式地板解决方案覆盖表面，这是一种实用、实惠、耐用的材料，不需要灌浆或特殊工具。一些制造商已经开发了可剥离的乙烯基瓷砖，看起来几乎与天然或人造地板材料相同，如木材，大理石，甚至是混凝土，这使得它们成为非常合适的补充材料。
Building walls to create additional enclosed spaces is very costly and often requires the help of masons, instead, add partitions made of low-cost and lightweight materials such as wooden beams, bamboo, plywood, hollow glass cubes, or clay blocks, materials that are easy to work with and assemble. And finally, instead of removing the existing flooring and replacing them with new material, cover the surfaces with a peel-off flooring solution, a practical, affordable, and durable material that does not require the use of grout or special tools. Several manufacturers have created peel-off vinyl tiles that look almost identical to natural or engineered flooring materials such as wood, marble, and even concrete, which makes them a very appropriate addition.
Image © Carolina Lacaz
Image © José Hevia
Image © Carolina Lacaz
Image © Daniel Pavesi
Image © José Hevia
© Takeru Koroda
Image © Julien Fernandez
Image © Luis Diaz Diaz
Image © Raitt Liu
Image © Photographix
Image © Yuji Tanabe
A Moulting Flat / Husos Architects. Image
Image © Amores Pictures
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