Almadraba de Nueva Umbría景观策略
Almadraba de Nueva Umbría Landscape Interventions / sol89

由专筑网小R编译

Real de la Almadraba建造于1929年，曾经人们在此捕捞金枪鱼，很长一段时间之后这里便不再使用了，在2015年，它被列入西班牙保护遗产，这里是Flecha del Rompido自然保护区，分为了三个各不相同的区域，首先是由一系列建筑构成的住宅区，这里是曾经Almadraba工人们的居住场所，除此之外还有船员住宅，这是一座和其他部分有所不同的建筑，最后是一系列用于维修捕鱼设施的场所，这里有着登岸码头、柴油机舱、炼油锅炉、烟囱，以及焦油坑。

Text description provided by the architects. Real de la Almadraba was built in 1929 and, once abandoned in the seventies after four centuries of being dedicated to the art of tuna fishing on the Huelva coast, it was declared BIC (Bien de Interés Cultural, a category of the heritage register in Spain) in 2015. It is located in the protected natural area of Flecha del Rompido, made up of three well-differentiated areas: a residential area formed by a series of buildings situated as a camp where the workers of the Almadraba used to live; the House of the Captain, a building of greater standing and somewhat removed from the rest of the complex; and the set of buildings that allowed the maintenance of fishing gear, made up of the jetty, the diesel cabin, the tar smelting boiler, its chimney, and the tar pit.



项目的干预措施关注的是这些建筑，同时设计建造了一条全新的人行通道，它将Piedras河流的河口地区和大西洋连接在一起，项目改造分为两个部分，首先是码头和柴油机舱，它们已经废弃很久了，锅炉、烟囱，以及焦油坑目前保护得良好，不过仍然需要适度的改造，码头由当地的石材建造而成，可以用于防洪，建筑师在Andalusia的其他场地中找到了这种类型的码头，其建造策略甚至能够追溯到罗马时期，由于河口的潮汐以及自然区域中的复杂环境，这给施工带来了一定难度，因此建筑师应用了一系列贴近罗马时期的技术来重建码头，首先从原有码头的痕迹中应用剩余部分作为基础，然后再利用当地石材建造混凝土围墙，同时也结合了瓷砖，应用了低潮时期的优势。

The intervention concerns these last buildings and is completed with a new pedestrian path that joins the two banks: the mouth of the Piedras River and the Atlantic Ocean. The reform is divided into two areas, the jetty and the diesel cabin, which was in a state of ruin with only its traces remaining, and the boiler, the chimney, and the tar pit, which were in a better state of conservation, although in need of a considerable intervention. The jetty was a floodable building built with local stones functioning as a dam. We can find this type of jetty in other trap sets in Andalusia, using a building method that dates back to Roman times. The challenging conditions of execution, due to the tides at the mouth of the river and the complex supply conditions in this natural area led us to rebuild the jetty with a technique close to the Roman manner: from the trace of the old jetty, using its remains as a foundation, a perimeter wall of cyclopean concrete was built with local grauwaca stone by means of tilings that took advantage of the low tide for its implementation.



这些墙体通过玻璃纤维而得以加固，这样能够避免腐蚀，并且在上下两个部分都有支撑，形成了一个能够减缓河流水平推力的箱体，这种施工的形式也构成了一种建构品质，那便是分批浇筑混凝土，然后再压碎，让原有的石材裸露出来，并且形成分层的地质体量，这样更加贴近这种类型的码头的发展起源，同时也更加能够呼应保护建筑和河流边缘，最后，组成桥墩道路的上部面层应用了现场制作的模具，模具上浇筑了混凝土，构成一定的图案，而这个图案母题也在人行道上重复出现，而人行道甚至能够排出熔融的焦油。

These walls, reinforced with fiberglass instead of steel to avoid corrosion problems, are braced by a lower and an upper screed, forming a caisson capable of absorbing the strong horizontal thrusts of the river current. This form of construction also provides a tectonic quality where the concrete, poured in batches and subsequently crushed, allows the native stone to emerge and form a stratified, almost geological volume, closer to the origin of this type of jetties and in accordance with the protected complex and the river edge. Finally, the upper layer that makes up the pavement of the pier is grooved by means of a mold executed in situ that, printed on the fresh concrete, generates a herringbone pattern, a motif that is repeated in the Real de la Almadraba on the pavements that were dedicated to the draining of the molten tar.









另外，锅炉、烟囱、焦油坑，以及排水管的改造应用了一定的标准，因为它们都是带有一定缺陷的保护建筑，但是建筑师能够猜测出曾经的施工技术和完成面做法。锅炉部分由两个烤炉和烟囱构成，它们统领了整个综合体，人们可以通过楼梯来到这里，在楼梯的中性区域有着一个填充区域，可以让焦油桶向上升，然后经过融化再运送到焦油坑中，在这里，捕鱼工具悬挂在两个柱子之间的绳子上，融化的焦油因此能够向下沉。

On the other hand, the reform of the boiler, chimney, tar pit, and drain, uses philological criteria as its starting point, thanks to the fact that its state of conservation, although deficient, allowed us to deduce the construction techniques and the finishes that had been presented in the past. The part of the boiler is accessed from the grooved pavement of the jetty. From this point, it is possible to understand the entire process of protecting the fishing gear with tar. The boiler is made up of two ovens and a chimney that presides over the complex and is reached by climbing up a staircase with a central area that presents a padded section that allowed the ascent of the barrels of tar, which was melted and passed to the tar pit where the fishing gear was hung from a clothesline between two pilasters that descended into the two pits of molten tar with a pulley, thus submerging the nets.



最后渔网会被运送到排水棚晾干，多余的融化焦油通过开槽地面得以回收，修复工作应用了场地上的陶瓷，因此能够大大减少新材料的应用需求，同时还保证了整个项目的完整性，除此之外，建筑师还应用了便于蒸发的石灰砂浆和硅酸盐涂料，让整个综合体的外观看起来和原有状态相似，它们白色体量的精致形态来源于严格的功能构成，同时也更好地从周边环境中脱颖而出。

Finally, the nets went to the draining shed, where they were left to dry and the excess melted tar was recovered through the grooved floor, now imitated on the jetty. The restoration has been carried out by hauling ceramic pieces found on the site, thus reducing the need for input of material and guaranteeing the compatibility of its behavior, and with lime mortars and silicate paint that favor the transpiration and gives the whole complex an appearance that refers to its original state, where the white volumes, whose refined geometry came from their strictly functional use, stood out in the landscape.



区域的第三个设计措施使得河岸两侧的连接更加便捷，由于这个自然保护区域的高度景观价值，因此建筑师应用了一条木人行通道，该通道逐步延伸向灌木丛，其几何形态来源于跨越大西洋的两个沙丘，很好地避免了场地的改造，因为这会影响残障人士的行动，在通道起始位置，人们直接从地面通行，这样的做法大大地降低了成本。

The third intervention in the area enables an accessible path between the two banks. The high landscape value of this protected natural area suggests carrying out a reversible installation by means of a wooden pedestrian path that gradually enters the thicket of broom and prickly pear shrubs. The geometry of this walkway results from crossing the two powerful dune ridges that precede the Atlantic Ocean, thus avoiding strong earth movements that would alter the existing landscape and excessive slopes that would prevent access for people with reduced mobility. The path begins with a platform directly resting on the ground to limit the cost.



在需要通过一定高度来连接时，通道就会逐渐向上延伸，也给人们带来了景观视角，人行通道和栏杆的设计以常见的工业体系为基础，不过原有的支撑方式经过了改造，栏杆的保护元素也经过加固，从而构成了一个较为抽象的元素，在削弱自身规模的前提下穿越景观，同时这也有效地阻止了人们进入通道以外的自然区域，这样能够更好地保护当地的生物。

该项目有着诸多保护景观和建筑群，目的是恢复捕鱼过程的工业含义，从而表达传统捕鱼艺术的民族遗产，而这些艺术则与Huelva海岸的景观相互依存。

It is gradually raised on stilts when it is necessary to reach greater height to bridge the continuous differences in elevation, offering impressive views. The design of the walkway and the railings is based on the usual industrial systems, although the brackets have been modified so that the protective elements of the railing are also fastening, resulting in a more abstract element that crosses the landscape without denoting its scale, while preventing the pedestrians from accessing the natural area outside the scope of the walkway, thus protecting the jonquil, thistle, lily, sea rocket, as well as the nesting of harriers, storks, and egrets.
This project concerning a protected landscape and an architectural complex has tried to recover the industrial meaning of the trap fishing process, thus revealing the patrimonial and ethnological heritage of an ancient fishing art that coexisted in tune with the landscape of the Huelva coast.





建筑设计：sol89
类型：人行桥体 适应性再利用
时间：2022年
摄影：Fernando Alda
主创建筑师：Maria González, Juanjo López de la Cruz
合作方：Rosa Gallardo, Elena González, álvaro Valverde, Jaime Fernández
结构设计：Enrique Vázquez
开发商：Dirección General de Ordenación del Territorio, Urbanismo y Agenda Urbana. Consejería de Fomento, Articulación del Territorio y Vivienda - Junta de Andalucía
施工方：Maralva. Construcciones y Obra civil. SL
城市：El Rompido
国家：西班牙

PEDESTRIAN BRIDGE, ADAPTIVE REUSE
EL ROMPIDO, SPAIN
Architects: sol89
Year: 2022
Photographs: Fernando Alda
A Lead Architects: Maria González, Juanjo López de la Cruz
Collaborators: Rosa Gallardo, Elena González, álvaro Valverde, Jaime Fernández
Structure: Enrique Vázquez
Developer: Dirección General de Ordenación del Territorio, Urbanismo y Agenda Urbana. Consejería de Fomento, Articulación del Territorio y Vivienda - Junta de Andalucía
Constructor: Maralva. Construcciones y Obra civil. SL
City: El Rompido
Country: Spain