Striatus Bridge / Zaha Hadid Architects + Block Research Group
由专筑网小R编译
Striatus大桥是一座无钢筋砖石人行桥体，通过3D打印混凝土砌块构成，组装过程不需要用到砂浆，2021年11月，该大桥在威尼斯建筑双年展期间展出，这座16X12M的大桥是同类型作品中的首例，建筑师将传统技术和先进的计算机设计、工程技术，以及机器制造技术结合在一起。
Striatus is an arched, unreinforced masonry footbridge composed of 3D-printed concrete blocks assembled without mortar. Exhibited at the Giardini della Marinaressa during the Venice Architecture Biennale until November 2021, the 16x12-metre footbridge is the first of its kind, combining traditional techniques of master builders with advanced computational design, engineering, and robotic manufacturing technologies.
“Striatus”这个名字表达了结构逻辑和制造过程，混凝土和主要结构形成正交体系，构成了无需加固的压缩索装结构。
The name “Striatus” reflects its structural logic and fabrication process. Concrete is printed in layers orthogonal to the main structural forces to create a “striated” compression-only funicular structure that requires no reinforcement.
3D打印技术可以建造承重混凝土结构，它们所需的材料相对较少，不需要钢筋与砂浆，来自Block Research Group 以及扎哈建筑事务所等其他合作方的建筑师和工程师们共同合作，展示了威尼斯人行桥的设计原理。
3D printing can be used to build load-bearing concrete structures that require significantly less material and no steel reinforcement or mortar. ETH architects and engineers from the Block Research Group in collaboration with Zaha Hadid Architects and other partners from the industry showed how this works with a footbridge in Venice.
全球成千上万的新建筑都通过钢筋混凝土建造而成，这样会产生大量的二氧化碳，应用于钢筋的钢材和应用于混凝土的水泥的问题尤为突出，ETH研究者目前已经提出了减少二者使用量的方法。
Millions of new buildings all over the world are being constructed with reinforced concrete, even though this type of construction generates large amounts of CO2 emissions. The steel used for the reinforcement and the cement for the concrete is especially problematic in this regard. ETH researchers have now presented a way to reduce both, in a real project.
Block Research Group与扎哈建筑事务所的计算机设计团队共同合作，在威尼斯的一座公园里设计建造了一座12X16米的拱形人行桥。
这座桥体通过混凝土砌块建造而成，这些砌块构成了拱形，看起来很像传统的砖石桥，这种压缩结构让荷载能够传递到根基，并且彼此在地面连接在一起，这种组装结构让整体的几何形状保持稳定。
The Block Research Group teamed up with the Computation and Design Group at Zaha Hadid Architects to build a 12-by-16-metre arched footbridge in a park in Venice – entirely without reinforcement.
Using an additive process, the construction dubbed “Striatus” was built with concrete blocks that form an arch much like traditional masonry bridges. This compression-only structure allows the forces to travel to the footings, which are tied together on the ground. The dry-assembled construction is stable due to its geometry only.
该项目通过3D打印构成，由研究人士与Incremental3D公司共同合作开发，混凝土的角度并非水平，而是有着特定的角度，从而构成压缩力，这样便能够很好地将砌块压缩在一起，后期便不需要加固，Holcim公司开发的3D打印设备所使用的混凝土墨水正是出于这个目的。
What is completely new is the type of 3D-printed concrete, which the researchers developed together with the company Incremental3D. The concrete is not applied horizontally in the usual way but instead at specific angles such that they are orthogonal to the flow of compressive forces. This keeps the printed layers in the blocks nicely pressed together, without the need for reinforcement or post-tensioning. The special concrete ink for the 3D printer was developed by the company Holcim precisely for this purpose.
ETH教授Philippe Block说道：“精准的3D混凝土打印技术让我们能够将传统的拱形结构和混凝土数字建造结合起来，只在结构必须的部分使用材料，减少不必要的浪费。”
ETH professor Philippe Block said: “This precise method of 3D concrete printing allows us to combine the principles of traditional vaulted construction with digital concrete fabrication to use material only where it is structurally necessary without producing waste.”
施工过程不需要砂浆，因此砌块可以拆除，并且桥体的不同位置可以重新组装，同时后期的拆除也很便捷。
Because the construction does not need mortar, the blocks can be dismantled, and the bridge reassembled again at a different location. If the construction is no longer needed, the materials can simply be separated and recycled.
建筑设计：Block Research Group, Zaha Hadid Architects
类型：人行桥
面积：50 m²
时间：2021年
摄影：naaro, in3d, Alessandro Dell'Endice, Tom van Mele
制造商：Holcim
设计 (Zhacode)：Jianfei Chu, Vishu Bhooshan, Henry David Louth, Shajay Bhooshan, Patrik Schumacher
设计团队 (Eth Brg)：Tom Van Mele, Alessandro Dell’Endice, Philippe Block
结构工程：Tom Van Mele, Alessandro Dell’Endice, Sam Bouten, Philippe Block
合作方：Holcim, incremental3D
装配式设计 (Eth Brg)：Shajay Bhooshan, Alessandro Dell’Endice, Sam Bouten, Chaoyu Du, Tom Van Mele
装配式设计 (Zhacode)：Vishu Bhooshan, Philip Singer, Tommaso Casucci
3 D打印：Johannes Megens, Georg Grasser, Sandro Sanin, Nikolas Janitsch, Janos Mohacsi
混凝土专家：Benito Carrion, Jose Manuel Arnau
安装结构：Alessandro Dell’Endice, Tom Van Mele
物流：Alessandro Dell’Endice, Tom Van Mele, Michele Alverdi, Ricardo de Pablos, José Luis Romero
模板工程：Ackermann GmbH
钢结构：Pletscher
激光雕刻、艺术作品、广告：ZB Laser
测量：L2F Architettura
城市：威尼斯
国家：意大利
PEDESTRIAN BRIDGE
VENEZIA, ITALY
Architects: Block Research Group, Zaha Hadid Architects
Area: 50 m²
Year: 2021
Photographs:naaro, in3d, Alessandro Dell'Endice, Tom van Mele
Manufacturers: Holcim
Design (Zhacode): Jianfei Chu, Vishu Bhooshan, Henry David Louth, Shajay Bhooshan, Patrik Schumacher
Design Team (Eth Brg): Tom Van Mele, Alessandro Dell’Endice, Philippe Block
Structural Engineering: Tom Van Mele, Alessandro Dell’Endice, Sam Bouten, Philippe Block
Collaborators: Holcim, incremental3D
Fabrication Design (Eth Brg): Shajay Bhooshan, Alessandro Dell’Endice, Sam Bouten, Chaoyu Du, Tom Van Mele
Fabrication Design (Zhacode): Vishu Bhooshan, Philip Singer, Tommaso Casucci
3 D Printing: Johannes Megens, Georg Grasser, Sandro Sanin, Nikolas Janitsch, Janos Mohacsi
Concrete Specialist: Benito Carrion, Jose Manuel Arnau
Assembly Construction: Alessandro Dell’Endice, Tom Van Mele
Logistics: Alessandro Dell’Endice, Tom Van Mele, Michele Alverdi, Ricardo de Pablos, José Luis Romero
Formwork Engineer: Ackermann GmbH
Steel Structure: Pletscher
Laser Engraving/Artwork/Advertisement Sign: ZB Laser
Measurements: L2F Architettura
City: Venezia
Country: Italy
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