利用涂料以外的材料，将色彩引入建筑立面
Introduce Colors to Your Architectural Facade Using Materials Other Than Paint
由专筑网李佳琪，李韧编译
你可能接触过幼儿园、学校或娱乐中心的项目，在这些项目中，建筑正立面为略带欢快的色彩也许更加适宜。那么，我们还有哪些做法能够将色彩结合建筑外观呢？默认情况下，我们会想到最基本、最有效、最经济的材料，那就是涂料。涂料也在不断发展，有着更新更全面的类型，但对于建筑的外观来说，它真的足够好吗？你之前可能也听说过，外墙上的那种朴素的旧油漆使建筑物看起来既廉价又不雅致。但是，如何能给你的立面增添令人愉快的色彩呢？该如何设计建筑立面呢？
这里，我们将提供材料的清单，这些材料呈现不同的色彩，你可以灵活和时尚地使用这些材料。
建筑立面材料清单：
You have most likely come upon a project of a kindergarten, a school, or a recreational center once before and thought that a touch of cheery colors on the facade would do it much good. However, what options do we have to introduce color to an architectural facade? By default, we think of the most basic, available, and seemingly economic material, and that is paint. Paint has been advancing lately with new and better types of developing every now and then, but is it good enough for your exterior facade? You have probably heard once or twice before that plain old paint on a facade makes the building look cheap and inelegant. But how else could you add a pleasant variety of colors to your facade? How to design an architectural elevation?
Here, we will give you a list of materials which are available in a varied range of colors and which you can flexibly and fashionably use to clad your elevations
List of Materials for Your Architectural Facade:
1. 金属
彩绘金属是解决色彩问题的一种经典方法。彩色金属熔覆板有多种形式，它们大多是用铝或不锈钢制造而成。这些面板被涂上化学保护品，能够维持表面的光泽。
1. Metal
Painted metal is one classy solution to the issue of color. Colored metal cladding panels come in various forms, and they are mostly manufactured from Aluminum or Stainless Steel. The panels are painted and coated with protective chemicals to keep them vivid and lustrous.
Photography: Rufus46 via Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0)
德国慕尼黑Mira购物中心 —— Chapman Taylor
有时，建筑师们不喜欢选择普通的实心板，而更喜欢使用带有微小常规穿孔的铝制网格板。这些面板给建筑立面以半透明的效果。
Mira Shopping Center in Munich, Germany – Chapman Taylor
Sometimes, instead of opting for plain solid panels, architects prefer to use aluminum mesh panels with tiny regular punctures. These panels give a semi-transparent effect to the architectural facade.
Photography Sergio Grazia
法国de La Hague空间文化中心 —— Peripheriques 建筑事务所
位于法国西北部的文化中心，入口和露台上覆盖着三角形的红色金属板。这些面板由阳极电镀氧化钢梁和网架组成，它们构成了动态的3D骨架，围合内部的空间。
Espace Culturel de La Hague in France – Peripheriques Architectes
Triangular red metal panels envelop the entrance and terrace of this cultural center in Northwest France. These panels comprise frames of anodized steel beams and mesh, and they structure together a dynamic 3D-skeleton to shelter the space within.
Photography: K. Kopter
新加坡城市Oasia酒店 —— WOHA
新加坡的绿洲酒店几乎四面都是由各种红色的网状面板组成。爬行植物生长在这些面板之间，使整座建筑充斥着异国情调，同时这种设计方式也符合新加坡热带地区的地理位置。
穿孔金属面板不一定要以标准规则的网状形式出现。穿孔可以是任何大小和形状，它们也可以形成一种模式或图形，这会给予建筑一种审美吸引力。
Oasia Hotel Downtown in Singapore – WOHA
The Oasis Hotel in Singapore is clad, almost all-around, in mesh panels of various red shades. Creeping plants grow in between these panels, giving the whole edifice an exotic impression and referencing Singapore’s tropical location.
Perforated metal panels don’t have to come in standard regular mesh-like forms. The perforations could be of any size and shape, and they could form a sort of a pattern or a figure to mark the facade and give it an aesthetic appeal.
Photography: Nicolas Borel
里昂Euronews总部 —— Jakob + MacFarlane
整座建筑都被绿色的铝制穿孔表皮包裹，有着曲折的图案，可以过滤空气和光线。而这两个超大的类似鸡蛋的孔洞在正立面上，使得固体绿色铝板和玻璃面板得以展示出来。
还有另外一些方法来获得独特的颜色，那便是用覆层金属代替人造油漆，例如氧化铜。铜在其最初的状态下呈现出一种带有光泽的褐色，这在立面上相当吸引人。然而，当其在某些化学物质的作用下被氧化时，它会显示出一种独特的绿色。这种绿色被称为“铜绿（锈）”。纽约的自由女神像就是一个著名的例子，它显现出了自然的铜锈状态。
Euronews Headquarters in Lyon – Jakob + MacFarlane
The whole building is enveloped in a green aluminum perforated skin with sinuous patterns, to filter the incoming air and light. There are, also, these two oversized egg-like punctures in the main facade which reveal strips of solid green aluminum panels and glass.
There are other ways to obtain unique colors for cladding-metal other than artificial paint; like for example Oxidized Copper. Copper in its original state has a lustrous brownish tint which could look quite attractive on a facade. However, when oxidized under the effect of certain chemicals, it reveals a unique shade of green. This shade of green is known as the “patina”. One famous example that features natural patina is the Statue of Liberty in New York.
Copper used for cladding in its original state – Photography: Sylvain Mille
法国Labarthe-Sur-Lèze公立中学 —— LCR建筑工作室
Public Middle School Of Labarthe-Sur-Lèze in France – LCR Architectes
Courtesy of Penn State College of Art and Architecture
宾夕法尼亚州立大学Stuckeman Family大楼 —— Overland | WTW建筑工作室
Stuckeman Family Building in Pennsylvania State University – Overland | WTW Architects
2. 玻璃
彩色玻璃是使建筑外观活跃的另一种选择。在生产玻璃时，加入某些金属和金属氧化物于其中，玻璃就会变色。例如，根据氧化铁的浓度，玻璃会呈蓝绿色，而镍则会使玻璃呈现蓝色、紫色或黑色。
2. Glass
Colored glass is another option to enliven you architectural facade. Glass gains color when certain metals and metal oxides are added to it during its production. For example, Iron oxide gives the glass a bluish-green tint, while nickel gives it a blue, violet, or black tint, according to its concentration.
Photography: Ket Kolektif
土耳其开塞利“冰环”溜冰场 —— BKA-BahadırKulArchitects
这座位于土耳其开塞利的建筑是溜冰场的所在地，设计师们渴望通过在正立面上引入色彩来反映内部的活动。他们决定用彩色玻璃来封闭建筑物的有机无固定形状的洞口，其结果令人印象深刻。
彩色玻璃片不一定要反射一种颜色。你还可以选择二色玻璃，它能够反映不同的颜色。这可能会给建筑外观带来有趣的动态效果。
Kayseri Ice Ring in Turkey – BKA-BahadırKulArchitects
This building in Kayseri Turkey is home to an ice rink, and the designers aspired to reflect the activity inside on the facade by introducing colors. They decided to seal the building’s organic amorphous openings with colored glass, and the result is quite impressive.
Colored glass sheets don’t have to reflect one color. You can opt for Dichroic glass which reflects various shades of color under different lighting conditions. This could give your architectural facade a playful dynamic effect.
Photography: Sergio Grazia
法国巴黎A5 A1公寓楼 —— Agence Bernard Bühler
巴黎Fulton街区用于阳台的栏板的二色玻璃，在白天和晚上从不同的角度望去，显示的色彩会发生变化。
The Fulton block in Paris showcases the variance in the reflected color of the dichroic glass, used for the balconies’ handrails, at day and night and from different angles.
3. 陶瓷
陶瓷的确和陶器一样吸引人，但它同时也是很受欢迎的地板和墙面材料，特别是在潮湿的地方，如浴室和厨房。它主要有三种类型：陶、石和瓷。
陶土是陶瓷的一种形式，属于陶器家族。它自古以来就被用作雕塑、陶器、装饰元素，并让建筑立面保留了一点红色。位于德国柏林的可口可乐总部大楼就有着釉面和非釉面相结合的特殊形态。
3. Ceramic
Ceramic is quite appealing as pottery, but it is also popular as a flooring and wall-cladding material, especially for wet areas like bathrooms and kitchens. It has three main types: earthenware, stoneware, and porcelain.
Terracotta is one form of ceramic which belongs to the earthenware family. It has been used since ancient times for sculptures, pots, decorative elements, and to give architectural facades a touch of red. An interesting modern application of Terracotta, in its glazed and non-glazed form, is the Coca-Cola Headquarters building in Berlin.
Photography: Claus Graubner
德国柏林可口可乐总部 —— Tchoban Voss Architekten
这座四层的建筑中有三层是用五彩陶土着色的水平陶瓷层。这些颜色包括可口可乐的商标“中国红”，以及更浅和更深的颜色各两种。两个较浅的颜色是哑光，其余的为光面，显示覆层的真实颜色，突出色调的变化。
Coca-Cola Headquarters in Berlin, Germany – Tchoban Voss Architekten
Three of the building’s four elevations feature horizontal ceramic claddings colored in five Terracotta shades. These shades include Coca-Cola’s trademark red “Chinese Vermilion”, two shades lighter, and two shades darker. The two lighter shades are matt, while the rest is glossy, to show the cladding’s true colors and highlight the variation in tones.
4.混凝土
尽管混凝土面板和砌块因其水泥灰色而引人注目，但它们的色彩仍然看起来很棒。伦敦的Yard住宅就是这样。
4. Concrete
Although concrete panels and tiles are remarkable for their cement-gray shade, they would still look good in colors. That was the case with the Yardhouse in London.
Courtesy of Assemble (Left) – Photography: David Grandorge (right)
英国伦敦Yardhouse工作室 —— Assemble
当被赋予不同的色彩时，Yard住宅向人们展现出了混凝土砌块的美丽形态。瓦状砌块是在现场手工制作，在不同的粉彩颜料中随机着色。其结果是这种多样但和谐迷人的外观。虽然这可以算作涂料，但最终的成果更为精致一些。
The Yardhouse in London, UK – Assemble
The Yardhouse showcases the beauty of concrete tiles when given various hues. The shingle-like tiles were handmade on site and colored randomly in different pastel pigments. The outcome was this diverse yet harmonic and charming facade. While this might arguably count as paint, the final impression is certainly far more exquisite.
Photography: Paul Raftery
波兰二次世界大战博物馆 —— Architektoniczne Kwadrat设计工作室
位于波兰的博物馆使用了彩色混凝土，但其使用方式不同且具有更深邃的光泽。整座建筑都是用赤塔红色的混凝土板包裹着，而建筑主入口的正立面则是全玻璃。固体红色混凝土和透明玻璃之间的对比，使整座建筑外观令人印象更加深刻。
Museum of the Second World War in Gdańsk, Poland – Studio Architektoniczne Kwadrat
This museum in Poland utilizes colored concrete but in a different and more profound light. The whole building is enveloped in Terracotta-red concrete panels, while the main facade of its entrance building is fully glazed. The ensuing contrast between the solid red-tinged concrete and the transparent glass gives it an outstanding look.
5. 混合
如果一种材料不起作用，那么你可以使用多种材料。这样做的一种方法是将两个或多个不同的材料组合在一个立面上。但是，更进一步的方法是将这些不同的材料结合在一起，这就是许多建筑材料制造商现在正在做的事情。
5. Hybrids
If one material won’t work then you can use many. One way to do so is by combining two or more different materials in one facade. But, one step further is to combine these different materials in one, and that is what many manufacturers of architectural materials are doing now.
Courtesy of Trespa
西班牙Ca Don José文化艺术中心 —— Hector Luengo Arquitectos
这个位于西班牙的文化中心的正立面上有像乐高一样的五颜六色的面板。这些面板由高压层压板(HPL)或装饰性层压板制成。这种层压板由树脂和纤维组成，有着自然的比例形态。
Cultural Centre Ca Don José in Spain – Hector Luengo Arquitectos
This cultural center in Spain features Lego-like colorful panels on its facade. These panels are made from High-Pressured Laminate (HPL) or what is known as Decorative Laminate. This laminate is composed of resins and fibers, which can be natural to a percentage.
Photography: Sam Fentress
美国堪萨斯州Prairiefire博物馆 —— Verner Johnson
在这个闪闪发光的立面中，建筑师结合了多色彩虹不锈钢砌块和二色玻璃，为建筑创造了相当充满活力但时尚的外观，在一天中的不同时间，其色彩可以发生改变。
Museum at Prairiefire in Kansas, US – Verner Johnson
Now, we get back to the first approach with this unusual shimmering facade. The architect combined multi-colored iridescent stainless steel tiles and dichroic glass to end up with a quite vibrant yet stylish facade that changes color at the different times of the day.
Courtesy of Sauerbruch Hutton
德国慕尼黑Brandhorst博物馆 —— Sauerbruch Hutton
在这座建筑中，另一方面，建筑师实现了一个有趣的色彩戏法，即同时使用陶土和铝。红色和蓝色水平铝板是36000个陶瓷杆的背景，而陶瓷杆有23种不同的定制颜色。在阳光下，这种组合形成了一种动画效果，从远处看，颜色非常和谐。
这些是我们对替代材料的建议，你可以使用这些材料为建筑外观添加颜色。当然，还有很多其他的创新方式。
Brandhorst Museum in Munich, Germany – Sauerbruch Hutton
Here, on the other hand, the architect achieves a playful trick of color, using both Terracotta and Aluminum. Red and blue horizontal aluminum sheets act as a backdrop for 36,000 ceramic rods that feature 23 different custom colors. The combination creates an animated effect under the sunlight and the colors seem pleasantly harmonious when viewed from afar.
These were our suggestions for alternative materials which you can use to add color to your Architectural Facade other than paint. Surely, there are many other innovations out there. So, what have we missed? Tell us what else should be on our list.
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