Public Dwellings in Platja D'en Bossa

由专筑网一颗尘土，小R编译

该公共住房项目位于伊维萨镇以南的Platja d'En Bossa，这是一个致力于开发大众旅游的城市。建筑位于43x43m的正方形地块上，场地平坦的，海拔约5m，相对于基轴旋转45o。

Project of 24 public housing units located in Platja d'En Bossa, south of Ibiza town, an urban environment mainly dedicated to exploiting mass tourism.The building is located on a square plot of 43x43m, practically flat, about 5m above sea level and rotated 45o with respect to the cardinal axes.





该建筑以传统温暖气候下的当地建筑为基础，如经典圆顶、伊斯兰房屋或传统的伊比沙建筑，旨在通过定义一个独立的四层空间，来实现对其周围环境的尊重，同时保有自主权，这实际上达到了地块的最大使用率和可建造性。

该建筑围绕四个庭院进行组织，这些庭院在住宅的舒适度方面起着至关重要的作用，并成倍地增加了其对外界面，因此所有客厅和卧室都具有双重朝向。

Based on the tradition of domestic architecture in warm climates -with references such as the classical domus, the Islamic house or the traditional Ibizan architecture - the location of the building aims at achieving a certain autonomy with respect to its immediate surroundings by defining an isolated, four-storey volume, which practically reaches the maximum occupancy and buildability of the plot.
The building is organized around four courtyards that play an essential role in the comfort of the dwellings and exponentially increase its form factor so that all living rooms and bedrooms have double orientation.





建筑物通过近似正方形比例的空间网格形成主要结构，将结构和空间系统之间建立起对应关系。这些空间被组织成两个同心环状空间，外部带有客厅、卧室和浴室，内部带有厨房和四个庭院，这些空间围绕着建筑物的核心区域，通向每个楼层的八套公寓，包括四间一居室和四间两居室。

The structure of the building is solved with load-bearing walls that form a mesh of spaces of approximately square proportion, establishing a correspondence between the structural and the spatial systems of the project. These spaces are organized in two concentric strips -the exterior one with the living rooms, bedrooms and bathrooms and the interior one with the kitchens and the four courtyards- that surround the center of gravity of the building, where the circulation core is located, giving access to eight apartments per floor, four one-bedroom and four two-bedroom.





这八套住宅成对拥抱庭院，因此每栋住宅都有两个面向庭院的立面。这种布局定义了一种居住方式，将内部空间、外部空间和半室外空间紧密相连。

庭院周围长期发展的住宅意味着过渡空间始终具有良好的自然采光和宽敞的尺寸，使它们成为超越其单纯过渡角色的多功能空间。该项目满足了许多可持续性和能源效率的指标，显著提高了现行法规设定的规定值。

The eight dwellings 'embrace' the courtyards in pairs so that each has two facades facing the courtyard. This layout defines a way of inhabiting that intimately ties the interior spaces to the exterior and semi-exterior ones.
The long development of the dwellings around the courtyards implies the emergence of transition spaces always with good natural lighting and generous dimensions that enable them as multipurpose spaces beyond their mere transitional role.
The project fulfills many sustainability and energy efficiency indicators, significantly improving on the values set by current regulations.
  




首先，建筑师通过实施被动式设计策略，将不可再生的一次能源消耗降低到10.7 KW/平米/年。这些策略包括：定义高热惯性网络结构，用热粘土墙填充挖掘产生的泥土；所有房间交叉通风；通过玻璃围墙系统和实用的遮阳系统覆盖庭院，来对房屋内部进行热调节将它们变成生物气候中庭，即冬季成为蓄热器，夏季成为阴凉通风区。

这些建筑策略可以在不安装集中供暖系统的情况下，满足住宅内部舒适湿度和温度的居住条件，这意味着为居住的家庭节省了大量能源费用。

Firstly, by implementing passive design strategies that reduce non-renewable primary energy consumption to 10.7 KW/m2/year. These strategies include: the definition of an envelope of high thermal inertia with thermo-clay walls filled with earth from the excavation; the cross ventilation of all the rooms; the thermal regulation of the interior of the houses through the covering of the patios with a system of glazed enclosures and practicable solar protections that turn them into bioclimatic atriums, that is, into heat accumulators in winter and ventilated shaded areas in summer.
These architectural strategies make it possible to achieve comfortable conditions of humidity and temperature inside the dwellings without installing a centralized heating system, which means significant savings in energy bills for the families living in the building.





其次，建筑施工中使用的材料和技术将碳排放限制在438.91千克CO2/米2，比传统方法产生的排放量减少约30%。通过使用在具有生物质的窑中制造的陶瓷使这一显着的改进成为可能。横梁、中庭结构和木工的木材、用于外墙隔热的再生棉，和干燥的波西多尼亚作为屋顶绝缘等方法延续了当地建筑的传统。

最后，在庭院、屋顶和花盆中广泛应用绿色植物减轻热岛效应，对创造更加宜人的生活条件至关重要。此外，精心挑选的低需水量的植物物种和从屋顶收集的雨水（储存在建筑物前的地下蓄水池中）再利用进行灌溉，保证了伊维萨岛干旱气候中植被的可持续性。

Secondly, by limiting to 438.91 kgCO2/m2 the CO2 emissions generated by the materials and techniques used for the building construction, a reduction of approximately 30% over the ones generated with conventional methods. This remarkable improvement was made possible by using ceramics manufactured in kilns with biomass; wood for the beams, the structure of the atriums, and carpentry; recycled cotton for the facade insulation; and dried posidonia for the roof insulation, rescuing an ancestral tradition of local architecture in doing so.
Finally, it is crucial to highlight the extensive use of greenery in the courtyards, urbanization, roofs and planters to mitigate the heat island effect and create more pleasant living conditions. Furthermore, carefully selected plant species with low water requirements and reusing rainwater collected from the roof (stored in an underground cistern in front of the building) for irrigation guarantees vegetation sustainability in Ibiza's arid climate.

































团队
建筑设计：08014 arquitectura

项目阶段合作者
可持续：Societat Orgànica
声学：àurea Acústica
结构：Masala Consultors
预算控制：Arquitectura técnica Sequoia
工程：Quadrifoli
农学：Roser Vives

施工阶段合作者
建筑协调：08014 arquitectura
管理：José Luís Velilla
安装管理：Javier Colomar
安装管理：Xavier Gimferrer

摄影：Pol Viladoms

使用材料
木结构（中庭和楼板）：Egoin
Termoclay（墙壁）：Cerámica Utzubar
卷帘：Persiana Barcelona
瓷砖（人行道）：Cerámicas Arcís

Team
Architect: 08014 arquitectura
Collaborators project phase
Sustainability: Societat Orgànica
Acoustics: àurea Acústica
Structure: Masala Consultors
Budget control: Arquitectura técnica Sequoia
Engineering: Quadrifoli
Agronomy: Roser Vives

Collaborators construction phase
Building coordination: 08014 arquitectura
Construction management: José Luís Velilla
Installations management: Javier Colomar
Structure: Xavier Gimferrer

Photography: Pol Viladoms

Material Used
1. Wood structure (atriums and slabs): Egoin
2. Termoclay (walls): Cerámica Utzubar
3. Roller blinds: Persiana Barcelona
4. Ceramic tiles (pavements): Cerámicas Arcís