© René Müller
该建筑采用椭圆形金属表皮，似翱翔于外太空的星球，这就是达沃斯洲际酒店主楼——一个标志性的新地标。该建筑起伏的波浪形构造将大楼包裹得严严实实，从各个角度呈现出不同的外观。
设计师Oikios是来自总部位于慕尼黑的Oliver Hofmeister建筑事务所，他在达沃斯时受当地自然环境的影响产生了如此奇特的想法。在达沃斯有一个旅馆叫做In der Stilli，意思是宁静、安全的环境。他觉得这种平和、安全感也应该体现在建筑上。所以酒店就呈现出来了现在的外观：松塔一样的形状，附着光滑的鳞片。
© René Müller
Hofmeister说服了顶尖的设计团队加入进来一起实现这个“有机”设计理念。团队包括优秀的外观设计和构造设计事务所Wilhelm + Partner，而且卓越的外观设计师seele也加入了进来。整个团队用三维、弯曲的拱板元素建造出一座创新的建筑。该建筑耗费少、高质量让许多专家第一次觉得这简直是“不可建造的”。
© René Müller
seele产生的这个不可思议的想法：用钢构元素替代起初想用的铝构元素组成拱板。以此为出发点，设计师们起初设计用激光切割，但是鉴于是在一个方形建筑上，后来采用肋状物支撑。就形成了现在的支撑架——很多的网格元素组成。这种构造可以三维弯曲。建筑表面全部用3毫米厚的钢板包围，采用的是香槟色金属涂层形式。
© René Müller
事实证明，这种钢构不但比铝构花费少，即使有温度波动，材料长度也不会改变。然而，采用这种结构的原因主要是可以充分满足设计师们预期要达到的几何要求，而且，简单的设计还可以具有最小误差和光滑的表面。同时，肋状支撑结构在建筑学方面是一个全新的理念，可以让每一楼层都承担一些负荷。
© René Müller
在建造的时候设计师们面临着一个挑战：怎样将791块拱板安装在建筑上面。包括覆盖在旅馆的圆屋顶，有多达62000块单体拼接，而且如此庞大的数量设计和制图时全部采用自动化程序。通过参数化建筑设计案例分析，所有设计师的需求都被融合在参数控制说明里。seele制作的3D外观模型在该项目生产制造图纸和激光切割数据中起了不小的作用，seele还对模型做了改进。而且该模型也为Wilhelm + Partner做详细的结构计算时提供了帮助。
© René Müller
每一块拱板组件都是独一无二的，然而，每一块又有一个相同的、方形罗纹钢结构，所以这种元素仍然能通过一种模块化系统很经济地制作出来。关于制造精度，每一个单独个体的制作都堪称是在小心翼翼地处理着。每一块外观元素都有它自己的定制运输架，这样从捷克的生产厂运到达沃斯时就会很安全。
© René Müller
从钢结构设计的实体模型到2013年10月工程完工交接，整个项目，包括细节设计、生产、建造只用了两年时间。
© René Müller
© René Müller
© René Müller
© René Müller
© René Müller
项目信息：
项目名称：New InterContinental Davos Hotel/Switzerland
建造时间：2008-2013
外墙架设：2012.9-2013.9
委托方：Suisse Real Estate Fund Hospitality (CS REF Hospitality), a real estate trust of Credit Suisse AG
项目设计：Oikios GmbH, Munich/Germany
总承包商：TU Baulink AG, Toneatti, Davos/Switzerland
几何设计：designtoproduction, Stuttgart/Germany
外观设计：seele, Plze/Czech Republic
幕墙结构工程师：Wilhelm + Partner, Stuttgart/Germany
摄影师：René Müller
*本文由专筑网编辑刘庆新译自plusmood.com，转载请注明出处。*
Elegant 3D waves in steel “Unbuildable facade” finished
With its oval form and a metal façade that almost seems to be flowing, the main building of the InterContinental Davos Hotel has become an unmistakable new landmark. The undulating envelope wraps itself tightly around the structure, leading to an interplay between open and closed surfaces which appears different from every angle.
Oliver Hofmeister from Munich-based architects Oikios worked out the underlying idea for the supple yet incisive external form while actually in Davos. The official name of the parcel of land on which the hotel stands is “In der Stilli” – a name that reflects the tranquil, sheltered surroundings. That peacefulness and security also had to be expressed in the architecture of the building. A pine cone with its smooth scales from the nearby forest provided another source of inspiration. So that is how the hotel got its curving oval envelope.
Hofmeister was able to persuade top-notch partners to join him in realising his “organic” design concept. Those partners included designtoproduction, responsible for the complex digital modelling of the façade surfaces and the parameterisation of the façade geometry, structural engineers Wilhelm + Partner and seele, known as a specialist for extraordinary façade designs. Working closely together, this team developed and built an innovative façade with three-dimensional, curving spandrel panel elements. Seen in the light of the budget available and the high quality demands, many experts had first deemed the façade “unbuildable”.
It was seele who contributed what was perhaps the most surprising idea: producing the spandrel panel elements from steel instead of the aluminium originally envisaged. Taking this as its starting point, the team developed a design for the laser-cut primary and secondary ribs which is based on a square. It is this supporting frame – with a main grid identical for all elements – that is responsible for the three-dimensional curvature. The frame is covered on all sides with sheet steel just 3mm thick, which with its champagne-coloured metallic coating forms the visible surface of the façade on the finished building.
The steel construction proposed by seele proved to be less costly than aluminium and less susceptible to changes in length due to temperature fluctuations. Primarily, however, it enabled the intended, original geometry to be realised with great precision, minimum tolerances and the smooth surfaces specified in the design brief. At the same time, the ribs of the supporting structure allowed a totally new concept for the structural fixings and the transfer of the loads to the floor slabs at each storey.
The challenge that faced the team in the production and erection of the elements was mastering the logistics for 791 spandrel panel elements – more than 62,000 individual pieces including the dome crowning the hotel. Such numbers can only be managed by automated procedures in design and the preparation of fabrication drawings. All the architects’ requirements were incorporated in a parameter-controlled script by designtoproduction. The 3D model of the façade geometry was adopted by seele and imported into programs, some of them developed by seele, for producing the fabrication drawings and laser-cutting data. But not only that, the 3D data could also be used by Wilhelm + Partner in Stuttgart for their detailed structural calculations.
Every spandrel panel element is unique. However, each has an identical, square, steel rib construction, so the elements could still be produced very economically according to a modular system. In terms of the manufacturing precision, the individual elements (in standard sizes of about 1.6 x 4.5m and special sizes up to 14.6m long) are comparable with pieces of furniture – and were handled with similar care! Every façade element had its own bespoke transport frame so that it could be safely transported to Davos by road from the production plant in Plze? in the Czech Republic.
Façade specialist seele was able to draw on the planning and research work of the design team. Between building the crucial mock-up in the alternative steel design and the final handover of the façade in October 2013, the entire project, involving detailed design, production and erection, took only two years.
Project Credits：
Project: New InterContinental Davos Hotel/Switzerland
Construction time: 2008 to 2013
Façade erection: Sept 2012 to Sept 2013
Client/Investor: Credit Suisse Real Estate Fund Hospitality (CS REF Hospitality), a real estate trust of Credit Suisse AG
Architects: Oikios GmbH, Munich/Germany
General contractor Consortium: TU Baulink AG, Toneatti, Davos/Switzerland
Geometry design: designtoproduction, Stuttgart/Germany
Façade: seele, Plze?/Czech Republic
Structural engineers, façade: Wilhelm + Partner, Stuttgart/Germany
Photos: René Müller Photographie/seele.com
*Appreciation towards plusmood.com for providing the project description.* |
|
