由专筑网刘庆新整理
鹿特丹Timmerhuis多功能大楼为市政厅新大楼，将容纳市政服务设施、办公室和住宅单位。OMA的设计把Timmerhuis构想成模块式建筑，模块反复向上堆砌成不规则双塔顶建筑，位置越高，模块就越往内退。Timmerhuis拥有由小型单元组成的建筑外型，在Coolsingel大道（鹿特丹一条主干道）看过去复杂而震撼；而此建筑物与Stadstimmerhuis（建于1953年的市政建筑）相邻的两侧，则彰显出微妙细腻且相互融和的处理。
Timmerhuis的结构系统设计创新，使施工和功能布局同样变得高效又灵活：模块可按需要改装成办公空间或住宅。高层设有绿化阳台，可在鹿特丹市中心的城市环境中打造出附带花园的住宅。在地面层，结构模块悬于街面之上而非入侵剩余的空间，街道因而能享有广阔的开放空间，促使Timmerhuis和鹿特丹市之间能有活泼而开放的互动。
设计任务书规定Timmerhuis必须成为全荷兰最环保的建筑。为满足这项要求，OMA以灵活性作为大楼的核心概念，并设计了两个充当绿肺的大型中庭。两个中庭均连接气候系统，夏季储热而冬季蓄冷，再按需要释放冷气或暖气。大楼的三层玻璃幕墙应用高科技的半透明隔热层，达到前所未有的能源效率。
鹿特丹过去尽是修正主义规划，建筑风格毫不和谐；Timmerhuis并不期望成为这建筑史上的又一标志性建筑，反而试图以其性质模糊的体量成为周边现存建筑之间的缓冲。现有的市政厅和邮局之间的轴线与Timmerhuis的对称轴重叠，而市政厅和邮局之间的街道也延伸成为通往Haagseveer大道的通道。Timmerhuis与旁边的Stadtimmerhuis保持一样层高，两者因而谐和融合，而基座也配合周边劳伦斯区的特色而设计成20米高。
赖纳.德.格拉夫的叙述
鹿特丹今天的城市景致由过去不同时期所相继推崇的建筑风尚构成：战后重建的现代主义、七十年代的人文主义、八十年代的后现代主义、九十年代的高层建筑和高密度城市，以及新千年的“自由开放”风格。
Timmerhuis并不期望成为又一伟大建筑，反而试图积极、正面地“屈服”于鹿特丹的现貌。大楼的外形性质模糊，结构充分利用选址的空间，呼应鹿特丹的文脉气息，让人在不同的角度能有不同的体验：站在市政厅和邮局之间的Coolsingel大道上，建筑物的外形几乎是对称的、甚至是宏伟的… 而在另一侧，它与现存的历史建筑并存，明明是同一座建筑却看来细腻又谐和。
悬臂钢结构释放了地面空间，使之成为毫无阻隔的公共空间，既打造出宽阔的公共通道，鹿特丹博物馆也搬到此处。
For Rotterdam's Timmerhuis, a new building for the city hall that accommodates municipal services, offices, and residential units, OMA conceived a modular building with repeated units gradually set back from the street as they rise into two irregular peaks. The building's composition of smaller cells creates an impressive, complex form when viewed from Coolsingel, one of Rotterdam’s main arteries, and allows for subtlety and adaptability as the new building meets the Stadstimmerhuis (a municipal building, from 1953), which surrounds it on two sides.
The Timmerhuis’s innovative structural system generates maximum efficiency and versatility both in construction and in program: units can adapt to either office space or residential parameters as desired. Green terraces on higher levels provide the possibility of an apartment
with a garden in the heart of urban Rotterdam. On the street level, the structure allows for generous open space, with modules overhanging rather than encroaching into an interstitial area, encouraging an active and open engagement between the Timmerhuis and the city.
The design brief stipulated that the Timmerhuis must be the most sustainable building in the Netherlands. OMA tackled this imperative through the building’s core concept of flexibility, and also through the two large atriums, which act like lungs. They are connected to a climate system that stores warmth in summer and cold in winter and releases this energy as warm or cold air as required. The building’s triple glazed curtain wall facade uses hi-tech translucent insulation that allows for unprecedented energy efficiency.
Rather than being yet another statement in Rotterdam’s crowded history of revisionist planning and cacophony of architectural styles, the ambiguous mass of the Timmerhuis tries to mediate between the existing buildings surrounding it. The axis between the existing town hall and the post office coincides with the axis of symmetry of the Timmerhuis, and the street between these two buildings continues into a passageway to the Haagseveer. The Timmerhuis integrates with the neighboring Stadtimmerhuis by maintaining the same floor heights, while the plinth height of 20m conforms to the character of the surrounding Laurenskwartier.
Timmerhuis Statement - Reinier de Graaf
Today’s Rotterdam is an ecology of successive architectural convictions over time: the modernism of the post-war Reconstruction; the humanism of the seventies; the post-modernism of the eighties; high-rise buildings and the compact city in the nineties and a “free for all” in the new millennium.
Rather than adding yet another grand statement, Timmerhuis attempts a constructive ‘surrender’ to the city’s present state. The building’s formless, seemingly improvised composition acts as an echo of the city’s mood. It creates the possibility of different experiences: from the Coolsingel, viewed between the Town Hall and the Post Office, the building appears nearly symmetrical, monumental even… on the other side, in relation to the existing monument, the same building appears delicate and accommodating.
The cantilevering steel structure allows the uninterrupted unfolding of public space on the ground floor, home to a large public passage and the new location for the Museum Rotterdam.
Photograph by Ossip van Duivenbode, Courtesy of OMA
Photograph by Ossip van Duivenbode, Courtesy of OMA
Photograph by Ossip van Duivenbode, Courtesy of OMA
Photograph by Ossip van Duivenbode, Courtesy of OMA
Photograph by Ossip van Duivenbode, Courtesy of OMA
Photograph by Ossip van Duivenbode, Courtesy of OMA
Photograph by Ossip van Duivenbode, Courtesy of OMA
Photograph by Ossip van Duivenbode, Courtesy of OMA
Photograph by Ossip van Duivenbode, Courtesy of OMA
Photograph by Ossip van Duivenbode, Courtesy of OMA
Photograph by Ossip van Duivenbode, Courtesy of OMA
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Photograph by Ossip van Duivenbode, Courtesy of OMA
Photograph by Ossip van Duivenbode, Courtesy of OMA
Photograph by Ossip van Duivenbode, Courtesy of OMA
Image courtesy of OMA
Image courtesy of OMA
Image courtesy of OMA
Image courtesy of OMA
Image courtesy of OMA
首层平面图Image courtesy of OMA
二层平面图Image courtesy of OMA
三层平面图Image courtesy of OMA
四层平面图Image courtesy of OMA
五层平面图Image courtesy of OMA
六层平面图Image courtesy of OMA
七层平面图Image courtesy of OMA
剖面图Image courtesy of OMA
纵剖面图Image courtesy of OMA
总平面图Image courtesy of OMA
项目信息：
项目：鹿特丹Timmerhuis多功能大楼
状况：已竣工
年份：2009-2015
位置：荷兰鹿特丹
业主：Stadsontwikkeling Rotterdam
预算：约1亿欧元
基地：面对鹿特丹市政厅、包含市内名为“Stadstimmerhuis”的历史遗迹的0.5公顷地块
功能内容：办公室（旧有建筑及新建建筑合共25,400平方米）、住宅（84套公寓合共12,000平方米）、展览空间（1,630平方米）、零售（2,070平方米）、地下停车场（120个停车位合共3,900平方米）
建筑高度：60米；北座14层、南座11层
建筑模块尺寸：7.2米宽 、 7.2米深 、 3.6米高
施工：钢框结构、钢质建材3,850公吨、玻璃14,000平方米、悬臂结构长达21米
BREEAM（英国建筑研究院环境评估方法）：****可持续发展优秀级认证
主管合伙人：Reinier de Graaf（赖纳.德.格拉夫）
主管协理：Alex de Jong, Katrien van Dijk
竞赛阶段
主管合伙人：Reinier de Graaf（赖纳.德.格拉夫）、Rem Koolhaas（雷姆.库哈斯）
项目负责人：Mark Veldman
团队：Pascual Bernad de Castro, Vilhelm Christensen, Alessandro De Santis, Katrien van Dijk, Jake Sadler Forster, David Gianotten, Andrea Giannotti, Alasdair Graham, Mendel Robbers, Dirk Peters, Tsuyoshi Nakamoto, Timur Shabaev, Yuri Suzuki, Milos Zivkovic
方案设计阶段
主管合伙人：Reinier de Graaf（赖纳.德.格拉夫）
主管协理：Alex de Jong
项目负责人：Mark Veldman
团队：Philippe Braun, Tom Tang, Andrew Linn, Peter Rieff
初步设计阶段（核心筒、外皮及办公室室内设计）
主管合伙人：Reinier de Graaf（赖纳.德.格拉夫）
主管协理：Alex de Jong
团队：Philippe Braun, Clarisa Garcia Fresco, Maaike Hawinkels, Takeshi Murakuni, Ross O'Connell, Mafalda Rangel, Peter Rieff, Carolien Schippers, Saskia Simon, Sakine Dicle Uzunyayla, Lucia Zamponi, Grisha Zotov
扩初设计阶段（核心筒、外皮及办公室室内设计）
主管合伙人：Reinier de Graaf（赖纳.德.格拉夫）
主管协理：Alex de Jong
项目建筑师：Cock Peterse
团队：Philippe Braun, Jorge Campos, Elle Gerdeman, Sebastian Janusz, Debora Mateo,
Elida Mosquera, Sarah Moylan, Vitor Oliveira, Ryan Peeters, Mafalda Rangel, Peter Rieff, Carolien Schippers, Saskia Simon
施工图设计阶段（核心筒、外皮及办公室室内设计）
主管合伙人：Reinier de Graaf（赖纳.德.格拉夫）
主管协理：Alex de Jong, Katrien van Dijk
项目建筑师：Cock Peterse
团队：Philippe Braun, Vitor Oliveira, Mafalda Rangel, Peter Rieff, Elida Mosquera, Magdalena Stanescu
室内设计
项目建筑师：Saskia Simon, Katrien van Dijk
团队：Maaike Hawinkels, Sebastian Janusz, Sarah Moylan, Ross O'Connell, Vitor Oliveira, Ryan Peeters, Mafalda Rangel, Deborah Richmond, Magdalena Stanescu, Lucia Zamponi
合作单位
竞赛阶段
工程、结构及安装：ABT
可持续发展顾问：Werner Sobek Green Technologies
造价顾问：PRC
模型摄影：Frans Parthesius
项目执行阶段
本地建筑师、造价顾问：ABT
流程管理：Brinkgroep BV
结构工程：Pieters Bouwtechniek
机电工程：Deerns Raadgevende Ingenieurs
可持续发展、建筑物理、声学、消防顾问及保安：DGMR Bouw
设备工程： Deerns, Burgers Ergon
幕墙：Scheldbouw, Rollecate
内装承包商：Keijsers Lundiform
承包商：Heijmans
Project: Timmerhuis, Rotterdam
Status: Completed
Year: 2009-2015
Location: Rotterdam, Netherlands
Client: Stadsontwikkeling Rotterdam
Budget: approx.
来源：本文由OMA提供稿件，所有著作权归属OMA所有。
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