MEMORY OF ARCHITECTURAL ART — Stadium of the 26th Summer Universiade • Shenzhen

事件的开始/Beginning of the Story

大运中心建筑的灵感，来自于一种珍贵的矿物—水晶。水晶的学名为 rock crystal，在中国早期称“水玉”，古代希腊语为“Krystallos”，翻译成中文为“洁白的水”。这个概念引起整个灯光设计团队对大运中心建筑照明的审慎思考与探索：要用何种照明手法来表达建筑的语言，与传达Universiade活动的精神？最终灯光设计团队选择以白色为主题，作为整个设计的发展与延伸。选择白色的原因，除了能够传达建筑形体的创意与水晶的关联性，更重要的是我们认为白色代表纯净、公正、神圣与和平，“白色光建筑”更能够表达世界大学生运动会的活动精神。

The architectural inspiration of Universiade Stadium came from a valuable mineral, Crystal. “Crystal” evolves from the ancient Greek vocabulary “Krystallos”, translates into Chinese as “water of pure white”. The notion of crystal has been assimilated, perceived, and discovered by the lighting design team in order to create design ideas for the stadium. Two questions turned up for the design. 1) What kind of lighting techniques should be adapted to present the language of architecture? 2) How to illustrate the sprits of the game with design? Eventually, design team decided to focus on “White” as the main theme of design. One of the reasons is that creativity from relevance to the concept of “Crystal” could be expressed through the form of architecture. More importantly, “White” represents Purity, Justice, Holiness and Peace. It is believed that “White Light Architecture” could harmoniously present the sprits of the Universiade.   

过程/Process

在设计执行过程中，因历年来许多在中国举办的国际运动赛事，如奥运会、亚运会等主要运动场馆的建筑照明均是多色彩的变化，所以建设者要求我们将照明技术调整为RGB的彩色变化。对此，我们不得不做了部分的妥协，同意淡绿色光的出现。选择淡绿色的原因是，建筑的玻璃带有绿色的光泽，白天能够明显的看出，像是绿色的宝石，所以绿色光形成的建筑光，可以与白天建筑的印象连接起来，对建筑的感受产生延续；另外绿色所代表的意向，可以与我们想倡导的世界和平、环保的理念相契合，因此我们认为该项目照明计划中出现绿色光是可以接受的。但我们要求在使用绿色光做表现效果时是有限制的。因光线主要是投射于白色遮光布上，且遮光布有一定透光率，在投射白色光时，透过遮光布漫射出的光线，对场馆内部照明起到辅助照明效果，增加了场馆内部明亮度与均匀度，对比赛和电视转播无任何不良的影响；但一旦使用绿色光，因漫射出来的绿光会直接影响场馆内部的照明，尤其对游泳馆影响较为明显，室内光色的改变则会影响比赛与电视转播的视觉效果；所以绿色光的使用，仅能在非比赛活动时间段来展现。

Over the decades, many international sport events were held in China, such as the 2008 Beijing Olympic Gam and the 2010 Guangzhou Asian Olympic Game. Most of the stadiums for these events adapted color change in their lighting system. As a result, our clients required RGB multicolor variation to be adapted into our design. We compromised with the clients and agreed with the use of fade green lighting. The glass of the architecture appears green under daylight. Green lighting was adapted so that the building impression of “emerald” in day time could be extended into night time. In addition, “Green” correlates with the advocated idea of world peace and green environment. Thus, green light in this project was thought to be acceptable. Nonetheless, the use of green light should be limited. The illuminated surfaces are white shading fabric with certain transmittance level. When white light is illuminated on to the shading fabric, it acts as supplement for interior lighting, enhancing the brightness and uniformity without affecting the game or its broadcast. However, when green light is illuminated, the diffused green light will negatively influence the interior lighting, especially for the natatorium. The change in lighting color would affect the game itself and the visual effects of broadcast. Thus, the use of green light could only be limited to the time period when games are not held inside the stadiums.

最终的成果，也就是各位在新闻联播中所看到的“深圳大运中心”令人难以联想的彩色灯光变化。大运中心的建筑照明必须满足新闻拍摄的需要，必须满足运动会开闭幕式活动灯光表演的热闹气氛，但是否必须是彩色多变的，或者是否必须将开闭幕式的“表演照明”变成永久性的照明系统？

However, the final outcome appears as what was shown on CCTV news, with exaggerated multi- color changing effects. The lighting of Universiade Centre should fulfill the needs for news reporting and support the lively atmosphere during the opening and closing ceremonies. However, it is questioned whether a multi-colour lighting system is absolutely necessary, and whether the use of ceremonial lighting should be adapted as permanent everyday lighting for the stadium.   

其实在照明计划过程中，为满足场馆开幕表演的需求，我们也提出了场景控制方案：仍以白色光的主题来进行发展，利用LED调光技术，以每个三角型玻璃幕墙为控制单元，通过亮度级的变化进行调光与构图变化，表现水晶建筑与光的互动光影。并且鉴于全彩照明方案可行性在技术以及成本方面始终有许多矛盾与冲突，我们也曾建议业主采用临时性的表演灯光系统，这种方式也能满足媒体转播的要求，常态照明与表演照明的问题也能得到平衡，可惜我们最终未能说服业主。

During the design process, we did propose a scene control solution. We chose white light as a foundation of the design. With the help of LED dimming techniques, controlling each triangular glass façade modules as a single element to vary luminance levels and creates patterns, in order to present the interactive relationship between the crystal architecture, the light, and the shadows. With many conflicts between the feasibility issues of RGB system and cost, we also suggested using temporary performance lighting system. It could not only fulfill the broadcasting needs for the media, also balancing the issues between ceremonial and normal lighting. Unfortunately, our proposal was not accepted by the clients.   

尾声/Conclusion

原本第26届世界大学生夏季运动会的开、闭幕式的活动地点定于深圳龙岗区的大运中心，但最后政府决定将活动地点转移到南山区的“深圳湾体育中心”也就是大家比较熟知的“春茧”，结果龙岗区的大运中心可满足运动会开、闭幕式表演需要的LED全彩照明系统，终究没能参与到大运会的开幕式盛典……为了什么？在城市发展的过程中，的确城市的亮度与色彩的丰富，可以是富裕的象征。而当城市发展起来了，人们的生活也富裕起来，对光的要求与价值，应该回归到平静，着重于使用光的品质上，而不是一昧地追求亮度与彩度。

The opening and closing ceremonies of the 26th Summer Universiade were originally planned to be held at the Shenzhen Universiade Centre, eventually the government has relocated the ceremonies to the Shenzhen Bay Sports Centre, also known as “Chun Jian”. Sadly, the RGB LED system which has fulfilled every requirement has not had the chance to join the opening ceremony. It has raised many questions. There is no doubt that rich, colorful and intense lighting are the symbols of wealth during the development of a city. However, after the achievement of wealth, the value of light in a city should be returned to serenity. Instead of the rigid sharpness or intensity, the quality of light should also have the chance to be valued and pursued.

建设者：深圳市工务署
灯光顾问： GD-Lighting Design大观国际设计咨询有限公司(www.gd-lightingdesign.com）
建筑设计：德国GMP国际建筑设计有限公司
项目地址：深圳龙岗
完工时间：2011.03
摄影：Christian Gahl

Client: Bureau of Public Works of Shenzhen Municipality
Lighting Consultant: GD-Lighting Design (www.gd-lightingdesign.com)
Architectural Design: GMP
Project Location: Long Gang District, Shenzhen, China
Completion Time: 2011.03
Photographer: Christian Gahl


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