欧亚隧道操作&维修大厦
EURASIA TUNNEL OPERATION & MAINTENANCE BUILDING

由专筑网严越，刘庆新编译

连接欧亚大陆伊斯坦布尔的博斯普鲁斯海峡两侧的双层欧亚公路隧道长4.5km，其中3.4km在海床下的25米。这一重要基建项目的中枢是操作与维修大厦。

The two-deck Eurasia Road Tunnel, connecting the Asian and European sides of Istanbul’s Bosphorus is 5.4km long, 3.4km of which is bored 25m below the seabed. The nerve centre of this major infrastructure project is the Operations & Maintenance Building.

7150平方米的 O & M 建筑位于北部的 D-100 公路上，伊斯坦布尔亚洲侧海峡海拔 30 米的高空。 它周围没有独特的地方建筑，该地点处在一个相对不利的物理环境。设计目标是设计具有很强的建筑表达的当代建筑对其即时环境做出回应，并提供一个令人愉快的办公环境。

The 7,150sqm site of the O & M Building is situated to the north of the D-100 highway at an altitude of 30m above sea level on the Asian Side of Istanbul.  With no distinct local architecture in its immediate surroundings, the site is in a generally hostile physical environment. The design objective was to create a contemporary building with strong architectural expression and which responded to its immediate context as well as providing a pleasant office environment.

二层的建筑与隧道入口位于同一轴线处的上部结构，在所有周边道路都可见，悬于地面维修设施的上方。外立面是有细小的波状图案的穿孔金属板，把晚上的欧亚隧道打造为闪光体。

The 2-storey superstructure, positioned at the same axis as the tunnel entrance is visible from all surrounding roads and hovers above the ground level maintenance facilities. Its outer skin formed in perforated metal panels with a subtle wave-like motif creates a glowing symbol for the Eurasia Tunnel at night.

通过切进小山的沟渠进入建筑。大部分的场地自然轮廓被保留，维修组建遮掩在轮廓后面。

The access to the building is through a ravine, which has been cut into the hill.  The natural contours of the site have been largely retained and the maintenance components of the building have been disguised behind the site contours.

在底楼是一个双层高度的招待展览区域和通向景观露台的餐厅，在温暖的月份，景观露台是为公司娱乐和工作人员休息的。建筑周围还有大规模的绿化，是为减少周围道路的影响并帮助减少污染的。工作人员的停车场在南侧，设于绿化景观中。接待办公室的对面是到高区楼层的楼梯和维修区，有工作人员专门的入口处。维修区是混凝土墙体和由太阳灯管照明的功能空间。西侧楼梯能进入屋顶，屋顶主要是多孔屏幕遮挡着的机械装置。

At ground floor there is a large double height reception area with exhibition space, and the restaurant space opens out to a covered landscaped terrace for corporate entertaining and staff relaxation during warmer months. There is extensive landscaping around the building to minimize the effect of the surrounding roads and to help reduce pollution. The staff car parking is at the south side of the building and set in mature landscaping. Opposite the office reception is the maintenance area with its own staff entrance, and stairs to upper floors. This is a functional space with exposed concrete walls and sun pipes for day lighting. The roof is accessed via the west staircase and houses the mechanical plant concealed behind the perforated external screens.

两个垂直环流中心都能通往一楼。维修办公室，员工更衣柜/淋浴位于平面的西部。业务办事处沿着两个长墙面放置。隧道中枢的双层展台主控制室位于平面东部。通过玻璃窗能看到隧道入口， 设置了10 度的角度，以减少眩光。大挑檐使内部更加降低热量的吸收。

First floor is accessed from either of the two vertical circulation cores. The maintenance offices, staff lockers/showers are located to the west of the plan. The operations offices are arranged along the two long façades. The double storey Primary Control Room, which is the nerve centre of the tunnel, is located at the eastern end of the plan. Its fully glazed façade overlooking the tunnel entrance is set at 10 degrees to minimize glare. The interior is further protected from solar gain by a large roof overhang.

办公室是在1200mm平面网格和6m结构网格上进行设计的。这使所有天花板网格、 窗口竖框、 分区和太阳能屏幕对齐并充分协调。 所有办公室都有铝质双层玻璃落地窗和侧开窗户以保证新鲜空气。还有 600x600cm集成的悬顶与照明空调风口。二楼办公室类似第一层设计。

The offices have been designed on a 1200mm planning grid within a structural grid system of 6m. This enables all the ceiling grids, window mullions, partitions and solar screen to be aligned and fully coordinated.  All the offices have double-glazed full height aluminium windows with side opening windows for fresh air. There is a 600x600cm clip-in suspended ceiling with integrated lighting air conditioning diffusers. The second floor has a similar arrangement of offices as the first floor.
   

控制热量和外表皮设计  

这个建筑很重要的一个设计特点是通过遮阳网来降低热量吸收和眩光。 副框架上轻质多孔金属制成的遮阳网有相对主立面1 米的偏移量，就有了多达 50%自由面积能够用于通风和热量控制，同时为居住者提供室外全景。 不防水的屏幕使空气自由流动。 副框架还有横向的穿孔金属走道以用于建筑维护、 窗户清洗和逃生通道。为减少热量吸收，机械装置的大小也大大减小。屏幕还有一个重要的好处是玻璃为住户保证了室外的景色不受遮挡。建筑物外部坚实的墙壁用灰泥简单修缮。

Solar Control and Envelope Design
An important design feature of the building is its facades protected by solar screens to reduce solar gain and glare.  The solar screen, made of lightweight perforated metal on a sub frame, is 1m offset from the main façade and has up to 50% free area enabling adequate ventilation and solar control whilst affording the occupants with the views of the outside.  The screen is not waterproof and allows free movement of air along the façade.  The sub frame also carries a horizontal perforated metal walkway used for building maintenance, window cleaning and fire escape purposes. As a direct result of reduced solar heating, the size of the mechanical plant is also greatly reduced. A significant benefit of the screen is the increased level of comfort and wellbeing of the occupants who enjoy the views of the outside through large areas of glazing uncluttered by internal blinds. The external solid walls of the building are finished in simple rendering.

建造

建筑由混凝土框架结构和外隔热处理的石膏填充的砖块建造，上部的两个楼层外面用轻质金属和防晒剂融合。底楼是清水混凝土框架和墙壁。窗户都是铝框架双层玻璃窗和双层玻璃铝框架开口。维修建筑的底楼屋顶是外隔热处理的混凝土板、屋顶绿化和双层玻璃的顶灯。主要建筑物的屋顶由混凝土板隔热层、 防水膜和重组铺设的石头作为一层保护层，使屋顶能完全开放。

办公大楼的可持续性设计在于其高热效，紧凑的建筑形式、 遮阳网和绿色屋顶。其他方面还包括使用当地材料和劳动力、 雨水回收装置、多孔路面和大规模的成熟园林绿化。

Construction
The building has been constructed as a concrete frame structure and block infill with external insulation/render and plaster internal finish to the upper two floors with an external lightweight metal mesh solar screen. The ground floor is fair-faced concrete frame and walls. All the windows are double glazed aluminium framed with slim-line double glazed aluminium doors. The roof to the ground floor maintenance building is concrete slab external insulation and green roof and double glazed roof-lights. The roof of the main building is concrete slab insulation, waterproofing membrane and reconstituted stone paving to act as a protective layer and enabling full access to the roof.
The office building is sustainable with its high level of thermal efficiency, compact form, solar screens, and green roof. Other issues concerning sustainability are the use of local materials and labour, recycled rain water, porous road surfaces and extensive mature landscaping.

项目信息
建筑设计：GMW MIMARLIK
项目位置：土耳其，伊斯坦布尔
合作伙伴：Ali Evrenay Ozveren, Dicle Demircioglu, Pinar İlki Emekci
设计团队：Dicle Demircioglu (Partner in Charge), Oya Kayabas, Russell Jones,  Ezgi Ak, Gokce Nazan Berdan, Damla Turan, Zeynep Sumbul Enhos,  Ceyda Cihangir, Okan Akben, Berk Sak
项目面积：4800.0 sqm
项目时间：2016年
摄影：Gurkan Akay
厂商：Dorma, VITRA, Ytong, Haefele
委托人和主承包商：YMSK JV (Joint Venture of Yapı Merkezi Insaat Sanayi A.S. and SK Engineering & Construction Co. Ltd)

Credit
Architects: GMW MIMARLIK
Location: Istanbul, Turkey
Partners: Ali Evrenay Ozveren, Dicle Demircioglu, Pinar İlki Emekci
Team: Dicle Demircioglu (Partner in Charge), Oya Kayabas, Russell Jones,  Ezgi Ak, Gokce Nazan Berdan, Damla Turan, Zeynep Sumbul Enhos,  Ceyda Cihangir, Okan Akben, Berk Sak
Area: 4800.0 sqm
Project Year: 2016
Photographs: Gurkan Akay
Manufacturers: Dorma, VITRA, Ytong, Haefele
Client and Main Contractor: YMSK JV (Joint Venture of Yapı Merkezi Insaat Sanayi A.S. and SK Engineering & Construction Co. Ltd)


来源：本文由GMW MIMARLIK提供稿件，所有著作权归属GMW MIMARLIK所有。