Casa Gaspar. Image © Hisao Suzuki
呼吁建筑师：我们需要一座漂亮、但不太贵的房子
Want A Nice House Without Breaking The Bank? Call An Architect
由专筑网李韧，杨帆编译
该文章最初发表于博客Arquia Foundation Architecture Blog，作者Alberto Campo Baeza谈论了建筑师对于建筑项目的判断与执行的重要性问题。这就好像医生对于疾病的治愈过程那样，建筑师对于一个建设项目来说也至关重要。
In his original article in the Arquia Foundation Architecture Blog, the author Alberto Campo Baeza talked about how important an architect is in the diagnosis and execution of a construction problem. Comparing the scenario to the importance of a doctor treating a disease, an architect is essential to executing a building project.
Casa Gaspar. Image Courtesy of Alberto Campo Baeza
Baeza认为，通过Gaspar住宅的例子能够表明建筑师的专业技能能够经过实践而积累，同时也表明了建筑师的重要性，这也暗示了建筑造价常常会变得昂贵的原因。
你是否想要设计建造住宅？你是否想让这座住宅极具设计感，又造价合理？那么你可以选择一位建筑师。
事实上，有些人会自己尝试进行住宅设计。因为他们并不认为建筑师是这个过程的必备人物。这就好像有的人生病了，但是愿意让身体自己痊愈，因此选择不去医院。这类人其实不多，这样的后果往往是要么病情恶化，要么最终还是去了医院。
Baeza tells us the skills that can be acquired in the discipline through a personal example about Gaspar House, demystifying the role of the architect and alluding to the fact that in the end the cheap option always becomes expensive!
Are you thinking of building a house? Would you want it to be well-designed, nice and cheap? Well then call an architect, a good one.
There are some people, albeit foolish, who, if they could, would build their house without an architect. They consider the architect as a lesser evil. They are the same ones that self-medicate in order to not go to the doctor. They are few, but they are deeply ignorant. They spend a fortune at the pharmacy for nothing. And, either they die, or they finally go to the doctor.
Casa Rufo. Image © Javier Callejas
建筑师是社会的服务者，他们对于美学有着独特的理解，同时也能够解决社会问题，另外也为人们带来快乐。
其实我可以告诉你为什么需要雇佣一位优秀的建筑师，因为只有这样才能确保建造过程的顺利进行。但是，我认为你还是需要自己去了解整个过程。
如果我告诉你，我见过最优秀的住宅，同时它的造价也非常合理，也许你会认为我有些夸张，但事实就是这样。
An architect is a service provider to society. An architect is someone who looks for beauty through architecture, and who at the same time solves problems for society and tries to make the people he or she works for happy.
I could provide you with an argument of why it is good to hire an architect, a good architect, to ensure that everything turns out well. But instead, I thought that the easiest thing to do would be to let you hear first hand, through my own professional experience.
If I tell you that the most beautiful house I have ever made, the best one, was also best designed, nicest and cheapest house I have built, you will say that I am exaggerating. Well, I’m not exaggerating.
Casa Rufo. Image © Javier Callejas
委托任务
有一天我的一个好朋友打电话给我，问我是否能和她合作设计一座住宅，但这个项目的预算只有20000欧元，并且地块非常狭小。这座住宅具有绝对的隐私性，因为位于一片小松树林之中，周围都是一些家庭住宅。
对于这个项目我的唯一要求就是我有绝对的发言权。因为对我来说建筑师就如同医生，你必须仔细了解病人的状况，然后才能做出合理的诊断，但是，病人也必须配合医生的治疗，这样才能达到最佳的效果。至少对我来说就是这样，好好听医生的话，我就能恢复得很好。
The Commission
One day, a good friend of mine calls me and asks me if I can make a house for her and her partner, but that they only have three million pesetas (20,000 euros) and a small plot of land. She asked me for a house with absolute privacy in a small pine forest, surrounded by family homes, in the province of Cádiz.
The only thing I ask for was absolute freedom. Because for me an architect is a bit like a doctor. You must listen carefully to the patient and do all the necessary tests, but the diagnosis is made by the doctor, and the patient must obey. At least that is what I do as a patient: I blindly obey the doctor, and I have always recovered very well.
Casa Gaspar. Image Courtesy of Alberto Campo Baeza
我们的工作
解决方案很简单，即一个6*18米的长方形，周围环绕着承重墙。前方有一个6*18米的院落，后面还有一个相同尺寸的花园。
在这座住宅里，两面由边缘排布向内的4米高墙体围合成一间卧室与一间浴室，另一侧则是厨房和另一间卧室。为了突出空间中部6*10米的空间，两个2*2米的固定玻璃面板安装于建筑的4个角落里，这使得中部区域和前后两个院落都能保持空间的连续性。为了加强室内通风，中轴线上设置有两扇门。两间卧室和厨房的内部灯光通过庭院的透明门扇让整个庭院也显得灯火通明。浴室也设置有天窗，这些功能全都放置在这个100平方米的空间里。
建筑的设计很好地呼应了西班牙安达卢西亚的传统风格，即前庭与后院的结合。在每个院落里，种植有两棵对称的柠檬树。而在后院则设置有一个小水池，为使用者带来片刻的安宁。院落中的水环境让整个空间变得轻松，但是从外部看起来，整座建筑显得相对封闭，只有一个对外的主入口。
The Work Done
The solution was very simple: a simple 6×18m rectangle, raised with load-bearing walls. A 6×18m patio in front and another 6×18 patio out back.
Inside the house, two lower transversal walls 4 meters from the edges, create a bedroom and a bathroom on one side, and on the other side a kitchen and a second bedroom. To illuminate the 6×10m central space, two 2×2m fixed glass panels were installed in the four corners of the building, giving a sense of continuity between the central space and the two patios. In order to ventilate the central space, two opaque doors were placed on the main axis in the center. The two bedrooms and the kitchen light up and are connected to their patios with transparent doors. The bathroom has a skylight. All this in just over 100 square meters.
The design of the house responds to the best of Andalusian tradition: the front entrance patio and backyard. In each of these courtyards, two lime-colored lemon trees have been symmetrically planted. In the backyard, there is a small pool of water which gives moments of glory when you see and hear it. The sound of water also contributes to the beauty of these spaces. The outside of the house appears completely closed with only the main entrance door.
Casa Gaspar. Image © Hisao Suzuki
所运用的材料
建筑由砖墙承重，这种材料物美价廉。地面则非常简单，涂抹了防水层，完成面运用的是陶瓷面板。内外路面则运用的是打磨抛光的Capri de Córdoba石灰石，整体简单又实用。
整座建筑充分运用了白色元素。白色墙体让空间宽敞明亮，甚至连照明设备都十分简约，墙上设置了几只简单的白炽灯泡，其上覆盖着玻璃灯罩。
主创建筑师
Bunny是这个项目的主要负责人，Diego Corrales则是尽心尽力的合作伙伴。在我看来，一个好的合作伙伴非常关键，正如医生在工作时需要护士的协助一样。我在工作时也常常与好朋友Miguel Vela合作，这是一位来自Chicalana的建筑师。
What Materials Were Used?
Everything was built with brick load-bearing walls, which is the cheapest and simplest option for these dimensions. The floor is a simple base, well insulated and waterproof, and covered with a simple ceramic slab. The entire pavement, inside and outside, is made of Capri de Córdoba limestone, which has been polished and buffed. It is such a beautiful pavement that I have continued to put it in all my houses.
Everything was made in white. The whitewashed walls and boundary wall give these spaces a wonderful luminosity. Even the lamps are simple: a few white bulbs on the walls protected above by a simple glass.
Who Did It?
Bunny or “Conejito”, was the person in charge of the major works, quickly making progress. Diego Corrales was the rigger and he did a very good job. In my opinion, a rigger is also necessary, just as the doctor needs nurses. I also received help from a good friend and fellow architect from Chicalana, Miguel Vela.
Casa del Infinito. Image © Javier Callejas
项目场地
建筑师很喜欢谈论“场所精神”，也可以理解为人们常说的地域特征。因为建筑的地点固定不变，并且建筑非常完美，那么，它有什么特点呢？此时就可以引入场所的概念，其独特的材质、色彩、照明方式，甚至其类型特征，这些都能够反映出传统的安达卢西亚的建筑形式。这既代表了过去，也代表了未来。其秘诀在于，建筑师必须充分理解该如何控制建筑空间、照明设施、尺寸、比例等因素。如果一位建筑师想要达到某种设计效果，那么他必须对这种设计方式和其背景文脉了如指掌。
The Site
Architects always talk about the genius loci, the sense of the place. Well, this house seemed like it had been there forever. The house is very, very beautiful. What was it about this house that the others did not have? In its understanding of the place, as in the materials and colors and in the treatment of light, as in the typology, as in the type of house, it is a traditional Andalusian house. It is both yesterday and tomorrow. The secret is that it is made by an architect who understands how to control space, light, scale, and proportions. An architect who knows that in order to reach the "venustas" of beauty, it is essential to comply with the “utilitas” and “firmitas” beforehand. As Vitrubio proclaimed well.
Casa del Infinito. Image © Javier Callejas
工程造价
如果在1992年，这座建筑的造价预估为300万比塞塔（西班牙货币），而如果在今天，则约为20000欧元。这是一座100平方米的小建筑。我们十分满意其整体设计风格、建造方式。同时，我们也很高兴不久之后我们将在这附近为业主的兄弟再建造一座小住宅。
How Much?
The house cost what was expected: 3 million pesetas in 1992, or 20,000 euros today. It's a small house, 100 square meters, that looks great. We are all delighted: property, constructor, and architect. So delighted that soon we built another house on the same line, the Casa Guerrero, for one of the owner's brothers.
Casa Rufo. Image © Javier Callejas
效果图
Dissemination
Casa Rufo. Image Courtesy of Alberto Campo Baeza
Gaspar住宅的建造方式遍布世界各地。甚至成为多种建筑书籍和杂志的封面照片。当然，这很大一部分要归功于这位出色的摄影师Hisao Suzuki，他为这座建筑拍摄了许多优秀的照片。在以前我们就进行过多次合作，每一次他的作品总能让我出乎意料，所以这次我也毫不犹豫地邀请他来进行拍摄工作。我永远不会忘记我们在住宅后院等待黎明的漫长过程，那时天还没亮，渐渐地，天边开始出现光亮，这位优秀的摄影师十分迅速地按下了快门。最终的成片效果让我难以描述，这些照片真正表达出了这座建筑的内在精神。
The Gaspar House has been featured everywhere. In all the architecture books and magazine in the world. Many times making the front cover. Of course, a great part of the fame lies with Hisao Suzuki, an exceptional photographer who took some incredible photos. He had taken photos for me before, at Casa Turégano, with great results, so I did not hesitate to call him to translate the spirit of Gaspar House into images. I will never forget the dawn when, still dark, we were both waiting in the backyard of the house. He had deployed tripods and cameras and we were just waiting for the light, with high expectations to be amazed. Little by little, very slowly, a light came about and our good photographer started pressing buttons. The result is that set of beautiful images with a mysterious light that is almost impossible to explain, which is where the spirit of this house is well translated.
Casa del Infinito. Image © Javier Callejas
结论
我想，通过这些简单的线条、富有表现力的图像和照片，我们就能够容易理解一位优秀的建筑师是如何设计建造一座优秀、具有设计感，且造价适中的建筑，这也许是世界上最可爱的住宅。
Conclusion
I think that through these simple lines, expressive drawings and wonderful photographs, it is easy to understand how it is possible, with a good architect, to make a good, a well-designed, beautiful and cheap house: it just might be the most beautiful house in the world.
Courtesy of Arquia
建筑设计：Alberto Campo Baeza
Gaspar住宅摄影：Hisao Suzuki
Architect: Alberto Campo Baeza
Photography Gaspar House: Hisao Suzuki
出处：本文译自www.archdaily.com/，转载请注明出处。
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