MAPA在乌拉圭设计了“简单而神圣”的Sacromonte教堂
MAPA assembles "simple and austere" Sacromonte Chapel in Uruguay over one day
由专筑网缕夕，李韧编译
MAPA建筑工作室为乌拉圭马尔多纳多的一个葡萄园设计了这座简单的预制木制小教堂，一个黑匣子穿过建筑倾斜的墙壁，那是酿酒师守护神的神龛。
这座预制的露天教堂位于占地101公顷的Sacromonte葡萄园内，该葡萄园是Sacromonte 景观酒店的一部分。MAPA工作室先前为该物业设计了13间套房。
Architecture studio MAPA has designed this simple prefabricated wooden chapel for a vineyard in Maldonado, Uruguay, puncturing a black box through one of its slanted walls to provide a shrine for the patron saint of winemakers.
The prefabricated open-air chapel is located in the 101-hectare Sacromonte vineyard, which forms part of The Sacromonte Landscape Hotel in Pueblo Edén. Brazilian and Uruguayan studio MAPApreviously designed 13 guest suites for the property.
Photograph by Leonardo Finotti
Sacromonte教堂的各个预制组成部分在葡萄牙的一家工厂生产后送到现场，然后在24小时内组装起来。
建筑包括一对由交叉层压木材制成的倾斜墙，这是一种强度较高的工程木材。
For the Sacromonte Chapel, components made in a factory in Portugal were sent to the rural setting, where they were put together in 24 hours.
The structure comprises a pair of slanted walls made of cross-laminated timber – an engineered wood with a strength to rival steel and concrete.
墙壁尺寸为6 x 9米，相互倾斜，靠在顶部的黑色钢架上，两者之间留有狭窄的间隙。
“教堂简单而神圣，以极简的设计方式传达丰富的信息。”MAPA在一份声明中说。
黑色金属盒从其中一面墙上突出，形成专为La Carrodilla建造的内阁，他是著名的葡萄园守护神。半透明的玛瑙覆盖教堂的背面，成为自然光线的过滤器。
Sacromonte 教堂的其他部分是网格金属面板，以及一对长条形结构支柱，它们将建筑抬高。建筑的短边没有墙壁，因此其内部暴露在自然环境之下。
Measuring six by nine metres, the walls lean towards each other to rest on a black steel frame at the top, with a narrow gap left between them.
"Simple and austere, its design assumes the challenge of conveying a powerful message using the lowest amount of resources possible," said MAPA in a statement.
The black metal box slotted through a hole in one of the walls forms a cabinet for the Virgin of La Carrodilla, who is celebrated as one of the most well-known patron saints of vineyards. Translucent onyx covers the back of the volume to left natural light filter in.
Other parts that make up Sacromonte Chapel are a gridded metal floor, and a pair of long struts that raise it above the uneven ground. There are no walls on the shorter sides, so the interior is left exposed to the elements.
“建筑形态既不闭合也不完全开放，它本身就是一个空间，但它同时也是环境的一部分。”建筑师说。
“在教堂内部，其空间与周边环境融为一体，但同时也以谦逊的姿态否定场地带来的限制。因此，内部和外部的概念在此逐渐消融。”
"Neither closed nor completely open, it is a space in itself but it is part of its environment at the same time," said the studio.
"Inside, the planes try to protect and sanctify a small portion of the landscape but respectfully deny its confinement. Thus, the concepts of interior and exterior are diluted in a diffuse and ambiguous spatial experience."
Photograph by Leonardo Finotti
Sacromonte教堂是具有创造性的小型宗教圣地。Plano Humano Arquitectos事务所最近在葡萄牙完成了一座类似的露天教堂，而Innauer-Matt Architekten事务所则设计了一座小型阿尔卑斯小教堂，其中有着陡峭的屋顶。
普利兹克获奖建筑师西扎还在阿尔加维建造了一座大型教堂，建筑内部没有布置水电系统。
Sacromonte Chapel forms part of a number of inventive, small religious sanctuaries. Plano Humano Arquitectos recently completed a similarly open-air chapel in Portugal, while Innauer-Matt Architekten designed a tiny Alpine chapel that features a steep shingle-clad roof.
Pritzker Prize-winning architect álvaro Siza also created a larger chapel for an off-grid retreat in the Algarve.
随着小教堂和套房的完成，MAPA受邀为Sacromonte景观酒店设计各种项目。其中已完成的项目有三个用于观察景观的万花筒，和一个可容纳多达50人的大桌子。
Along with the chapel and guest suites, MAPA was enlisted to design a variety of projects for The Sacromonte Landscape Hotel. It has already completed three kaleidoscopes for observing the landscape and a large table for hosting up to 50 people.
“我们把它们称为‘景观放大器’。”MAPA的SebastiánLambert告诉Dezeen记者，“它们都由交叉层压木材预制而成，并直接从葡萄牙工厂运到项目场地。”
“‘景观放大器’专为享受葡萄酒、文化和艺术而设置，有着很好的效果空间。”他补充道。
"We call the whole set of them 'landscape amplifiers'," MAPA's Sebastián Lambert told Dezeen. "All of them were prefabricated in cross-laminated timber wood and transported directly from the factory in Portugal to the landscape."
"The landscape amplifiers arrive to be activated by programmes for the enjoyment of wine, culture and art," he added.
MAPA目前正在进行的项目有酒庄、招待所、餐厅和九座小型建筑。这些项目也可能同样由预制构件建造而成，因为该工作室擅长使用这种方法来建造周期短、造价低的建筑。
2009年，该工作室推出了自己的预制建筑公司Minimod，同时更加注重产品性能，并且主要在乌拉圭和巴西设计建造预制房屋。
摄影：Tali Kimelman（除非另有说明）
MAPA is currently working on a winery, a reception, a dining area and nine shelters for the vast site. It is likely that these will also be prefabricated, as the studio commonly uses the method to build quickly and cheaply.
In 2009, the firm launched its own prefabricated building company Minimod as a more product-focussed arm, and has produced prefab houses in Uruguay and Brazil.
Photography is by Tali Kimelman, unless stated otherwise.
项目信息：
MAPA合伙人：Luciano Andrades, Matías Carballal, Andrés Gobba, Mauricio López, Silvio Machado
设计团队：Pablo Courreges, Diego Morera, Emiliano Lago, Fabián Sarubbi, Sandra Rodríguez, Rafael Solano, Agustín Dieste, Alba álvarez, Miquel Castellà, Marcos Gómara, Victoria Reibakas, Sebastián Lambert, Lucy Braunstein, Marie-Lise Hofstetter, Claire Gardan, Helena Utzig, Joao Bernardi
结构项目：RDA Ingeniería
工厂生产：Portilame (葡萄牙)
装配和安装：MAPA and Cosia y Pombo
运输：Carrión Transportes
设备：MAPA and Cosia y Pombo
玛瑙：Laviere Vitacca
十字架：Taller Capitán
基础：Pablo Trucido
Project credits:
MAPA Partners: Luciano Andrades, Matías Carballal, Andrés Gobba, Mauricio López, Silvio Machado
Project team: Pablo Courreges, Diego Morera, Emiliano Lago, Fabián Sarubbi, Sandra Rodríguez, Rafael Solano, Agustín Dieste, Alba álvarez, Miquel Castellà, Marcos Gómara, Victoria Reibakas, Sebastián Lambert, Lucy Braunstein, Marie-Lise Hofstetter, Claire Gardan, Helena Utzig, Joao Bernardi
Structural project: RDA Ingeniería
Factory production: Portilame (Portugal)
Assembly and installation: MAPA and Cosia y Pombo
Transport: Carrión Transportes
Equipment: MAPA and Cosia y Pombo
Onyx: Laviere Vitacca
Cross: Taller Capitán
Foundations: Pablo Trucido
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