Noallo de Abaixo社区中心翻新项目
Neighborhood Center Refurbishment in Noallo de Abaixo / Muiños Otero López Arquitectura

由专筑网李韧，曹逸希编译

项目前期

该项目的目的是将单一的学校空间改造为Noallo de Abaixo的社区中心。原有建筑几乎已经完全损坏，结构系统也被拆除，整个项目将重新规划建造。

Previous stage
The proposed action aims to recover the old unitary school as a neighborhood center of Noallo de Abaixo.
When the previous building is in a situation of total ruin, with the structure about to collapse, the entire project is reformulated.





一层是半透明房间，主要用作各种活动，例如讲座、工作坊、会议、酒会、课程等等，除了主要的房间，建筑师还设置了残疾人厕所和商业区。建筑的室内区域结合有步行可达的屋顶花园。

在通向一层房间的路径中，建筑师设置了半包围且开敞的结构，它结合了等候区的长凳，并且充分利用墙体的延伸特点，这就如同横跨建筑的水池。

On the ground floor a single polyvalent diaphanous room is organized, intended for various activities (lectures, workshops, meetings, meals, courses, etc). In addition to the main room, an area of trade and a toilet adapted to the disabled is defined. This interior area is complemented by the walkable roof as a garden.
For access to the ground floor an exonartex is generated, partially covered, but open. It incorporates a waiting bench taking advantage of a stretch of the retaining wall, like a liquidambar that crosses the building through a roof skylight.



设计措施

建筑师的设计目的在于重新利用公共空间，从而面向山谷开放建筑视野，同时在屋顶形成公共广场花园。

项目的中心构思是充分利用Noallo de Abaixo教堂，形成市政的参照策略，建筑广场突出于环境之中，也可作为集会场所和社交区域。

Intervention
The intervention is proposed as an attempt to reappropriation of the public space, opening the views of the building from the upper part of the valley, as well as generating a public plaza-garden on the roof.
The central idea of ​​the project is to give prominence to the church of Noallo de Abaixo, using as a strategy to create a benchmark at the municipal level, a building-plaza that articulates the environment of the place and function as a meeting node and social capacitor.



建筑的尺寸也经过了重新调整，教堂成为了广场上的主导空间，这也恢复了其原有的规模优势。

With the re-dimensioning of the building to be reformed, it is fundamentally that the church regains its leading role in the square, recovering the preponderance that it had originally in the duel of scales.





建筑师将花园设置为灵活多变的空间形态，也与街道特征形成呼应，成为年轻人、女士、儿童、读者等不同类型人员新的空间选择。

其目的是成为社会的包容性、开放性的场所，为社区所认可，并且在这里可以举行多种文化活动。

With regard to the garden cover, a flexible and polyvalent space is sought that, as a spontaneous and alternative occupation of the street, becomes a new option for the different groups, such as young people, women, children, readers, etc.
It is intended to be a porous social container, open, recognizable by the whole community and inviting its entry as a catalyst for different cultural activities.



干预性方案描述

项目过程

恢复原有建筑的记忆与特征是整个项目的切入点，同时一直在找寻传统材质和现代施工系统之间的平衡点，简化施工难度，同时降低成本。根据结构系统，社区中心的室内空间几乎不存在过于复杂的经济问题。

Description of the intervention
Construction process
Recovering the memory and character of the previously existing building was the starting point of the intervention. The balance between traditional materials and the use of current construction systems was pursued, simplifying the number of constructive solutions to achieve a low cost intervention. From the structural envelope executed, the interior of the neighborhood center was minimally conditioned with little complex and economical solutions.



结构体系

由于外侧墙体至道路的尺寸，以及建筑和广场中央教堂的相互作用，也重新确定了外部墙体和破旧屋顶面板的几何形态。同时，对于景观、阳光等其他自然元素的需求也使得项目平面和开放空间部分得以确立。

Structure
The dimensions defined by the retaining wall to the upper road, and the interaction with the houses and the church located in the middle of the square, define the geometry of the exterior walls and the broken roof slab. In the same way, the opening looking for the views, the study of sunlight and other atmospheric agents condition the faceting and the opening of gaps.



考虑到尽可能少的项目预算，因此建筑师应用了可见的结构元素。施工人员让楼板直接裸露，并没有使用任何假吊顶，外部墙体、楼板等面板都重新应用了细木工艺，而外部墙体还应用了面板体系，从而形成垂直系统。但是在商业区域和厕所之中仍然保留了假吊顶。

建筑的支撑骨架体系完全由混凝土制作而成，并且结合木材形成木制外立面，同时使用模板面板，这用作了大面积混凝土墙体的镶板。

Due to the minimal budget that the intervention had, all the structural elements are elements seen. In addition to keeping the roof slab seen without any false ceiling, the retaining walls, and the slab, the shuttering panels themselves have been reused for the execution of joinery and for the paneling of the retaining wall as a vertical covering. For the trade and toilet area, the same type of board for the false ceiling is continued.
This constructive sincerity in terms of showing the supporting skeleton of the building made entirely of reinforced concrete, attempts to qualify with the use of wood for the execution of the facade carpentry and with the use of formwork panels as a paneling in the concrete wall of greater dimension.





灯光

照明设计的前提是低能耗灯具的利用，例如LED灯具应用于间接照明、应急照明、外部照明，另外还有内部的荧光式直接照明系统。

在不同的场景之中分别强调了间接照明与直接照明，同时这也会根据使用者的需求来进行适当的调整。

The light
The basic premise in the design of lighting is the use of low-energy luminaires, such as LED luminaires in indirect lighting, for emergency lighting and for exterior lighting and fluorescent lighting in interior direct lighting elements.
Generating different scenes, accentuating indirect lighting or enhancing direct lighting, allows users to adapt the type of lighting to the activity that is being developed



材料

设计方案尊重原有建筑的特征，明确材料面板的选择，尽可能地将种类减少，同时寻求传统材料和新材料之间的平衡。

去除建筑的多余装饰是材料应用的出发点，从而强调设计方案的真实特征。

混凝土面板应用在楼板之中，并且使用透明环氧树脂的密封和清漆作为保护层。

Materials
The respect for the original character of the building, clearly marks the choice of the palette of materials, reducing it to the minimum expression and seeking the balance between traditional materials and new materials.
Undressing the building of any superfluous covering is the starting point, to highlight the authenticity of the intervention.
In floors, the concrete slab will be maintained in all the rooms, applying a sealing and a varnishing of transparent epoxy resins matte as protection.





而对于假吊顶而言，除了展示破碎混凝土面板之外，模板面板同样应用在了服务区域。

而外部木材工艺则由横梁和生态松木制作而成。

For false ceilings, in addition to showing the slab of broken concrete, the formwork panels for the false ceiling in the service areas are reused.
The exterior carpentry is made with crossbeams and profiles of carpentry of ecological pine.



家具与再利用

为了降低项目成本，建筑师在室内和家具体系中应用了模板面板，在卫生间和厕所中设置有分隔墙体，而洗手盆则应用的是自然铁片，办公室的台面是木板。

Furniture and re-use.
To minimize costs in the execution of the work, the shuttering panels are reused in interior coverings and in the furniture designed for the purpose of performance. In the dividing wall with toilet and office a blackboard is placed. For the washbasin and the bowl of trade, the natural iron sheet is chosen for its execution. The countertop of the office is executed with wooden sleepers.



最终策略

Noallo社区中心与城市相联系，其目的是将建筑面向广场开放，因此现有的墙体也被拆除，建筑师应用了玻璃立面。

在建筑的屋面，建筑师使用了楼梯系统，让人们能够来到花园，欣赏山谷的美景。

Final assessment
Urbanization and connection to Noallo node. It is intended to open the building to the square, for which pre-existing closure walls are removed, opting for glass facade.
On the roof of the building, we choose the execution of a staircase that allows access to the garden square with views of the valley.



在入口门庭种植有枫香树，广场中还种植有迷迭香、薰衣草、金丝桃、栀子花、银桦等植物。

In addition to incorporating liquidambar tree in the entrance vestibule, in the plaza-cover, creeping rosemary, lavender, hypericum, cotoneaster horizontalis and grevilleas are introduced.



这个社区空间也设置有扶手和长凳，另外，为了隐藏管道，其外部也覆盖了木材，看起来与长凳无异。

This space for community relations is also endowed with a protection handrail as well as residence benches for the neighbors. To hide the evacuation of gases, the duct is covered with a skin of wooden sleepers, with the same execution system as the benches.



为了建造屋面，建筑师在不同区域之间进行了划分，并且应用木制地板，而无法使用的区域也进行了材料表达，而这些区域则可以用作景观，让建筑看起来更加丰富。

For the execution of the roof, it is decided to differentiate between the areas of stay, with a wooden sleeper flooring, of the non-passable areas, where you opt for landscaping, looking for the building to be diluted in the landscape.

















建筑设计：Muiños Otero López Arquitectura
地点：西班牙，奥伦塞
面积：75.25 m2
项目时间：2016年
摄影：Héctor Santos-Diez
制造商：Klein, Saint Gobain, LLEDó iluminación
项目发起：Concello de Castrelo de Miño
施工方：ATCON S.L.
项目管理：Víctor Lorenzo Salgado
金属结构：CUESME
照明：Lledó
电力装置：Suarez Electrical Installations
Milwork：Meijón e Hijos
立面：FINSA
预算：49,997.00 欧元

Architects: Muiños Otero López Arquitectura
Location: Noallo de Abaixo _Castrelo de Miño_Ourense, Province of Ourense,Spain
Area: 75.25 m2
Project Year: 2016
Photographs: Héctor Santos-Diez
Manufacturers: Klein, Saint Gobain, LLEDó iluminación
Promoter: Concello de Castrelo de Miño
Builder: ATCON S.L.
Project Manager: Víctor Lorenzo Salgado
Metallic Constructions: CUESME
Lighting: Lledó
Electrical Installations: Suarez Electrical Installations
Milwork: Meijón e Hijos
Façade: FINSA
Budget: 49,997.00€