七个被否决的悉尼歌剧院提案
7 Rejected Proposals for Sydney Opera House

由专筑网邢子，王雪纯编译

悉尼歌剧院是一座世界公认的标志性建筑，由约恩·乌特松（Jørn Utzon）设计。自1956年竞赛开始，悉尼歌剧院的设计项目共吸引了222个参赛作品。而自从1973年悉尼歌剧院开放以来，这座建筑重新定义了澳大利亚的特征，它直到去年9月才终于实现了一个里程碑：彻底实现碳中和。

歌剧院背后的历史及其创作与建筑本身一样丰富。1956年，新南威尔士州政府发起了一场公开竞赛，为歌剧院和交响音乐会设计两个表演大厅，希望将悉尼转变为一座大都市。丹麦建筑师约恩·乌特松赢得了比赛，他上交了一些简单的草图，而就是这些草图吸引了评审团。

An iconic piece of architecture recognized around the world, the Sydney Opera House was designed by Jørn Utzon, following a 1956 competition that attracted 222 competition entries. Since its opening in 1973, the building has redefined the ambitions of Australia and only last September celebrated its latest milestone: turning completely carbon neutral.
The history behind the Opera House and its creation is as rich as the architecture itself. In 1956 the New South Wales Government called an open competition for the design of two performance halls, for opera and for symphony concerts, hoping to establish Sydney as a major city. Danish architect Jørn Utzon won the competition with an entry that consisted of a few simple sketches that intrigued the jury.



但是剩下221个被否决的提案呢？为了推测这座悉尼标志性建筑在其他提案中会是什么样子，Budget Direct Australia与NeoMam Studios合作，为七项被否决的悉尼歌剧院提案生成了图像。下面，我们将以简短的描述重新展示这些提案。

这项合作是以前NeoMam类似实验的基础上进行的。NeoMam之前推测了纽约中央公园可能会是什么样子，以及重现了6座未承受住时间考验的英国城堡如今的模样。

But what of the 221 rejected proposals? In an effort to speculate what could have been for the Sydney landmark, Budget Direct Australia has teamed up with NeoMam Studios to generate images for seven rejected proposals for the Sydney Opera House. Below, we have republished the proposals with a shortened description. For the full story, visit the Budget Direct website here.
The collaboration follows on from similar previous endeavors by NeoMam, who recently speculated on what New York’s Central Park could have looked like, and how six ruined British castles would look today had they stood the test of time.





1. Philadelphia Collaborative Group

这个由费城的七位设计师临时组建的团队所设计的潜艇形状的歌剧院获得了比赛的第二名。和获一等奖的设计一样，该建筑的灵感来源于贝壳的形状，并在混凝土的应用上采用了最新的技术。

Budget Direct: Second place in the competition went to this submarine-shaped opera house, created by an improvised team of seven designers in Philadelphia. Like the winning design, the structure was inspired by the seashell form and was to have utilized the latest techniques in the use of concrete.





2. Paul Boissevain and Barbara Osmond

评委们对这座建筑的尺度和它的长廊印象深刻。这种四四方方的设计和对步道的强调不禁让人想起挪威奥斯陆歌剧院（Oslo Opera House）从地面到屋顶的倾斜步道，而这座歌剧院是在Boissevain和Osmond提出这种设计的50年后建造的。

Budget Direct: The judges were impressed with the human scale of the building and its promenade. And the boxy design and emphasis on walking can’t help but recall the tilted ground-to-roof walkway of Oslo Opera House in Norway, built fifty years after Boissevain and Osmond’s unrealized vision.





3. Sir Eugene Goossens

Goossens不仅是悉尼交响乐团的指挥，也是新南威尔士州音乐学院的院长，同时还是支持建造歌剧院的主要影响人物之一。

Budget Direct: Goossens was not only the conductor of the Sydney Symphony Orchestra but also the director of the NSW State Conservatorium of Music and one of the key voices in demanding for an opera house to be built.





4. Peter Kollar and Balthazar Korab

两位设计师都是来自匈牙利的难民，他们通过最高级别的入境许可来到澳大利亚。评委们评价这个方案是“非常巧妙的设计”。

Budget Direct: Refugees from the communist regime in Hungary, Kollar and Korab’s entry was the highest ranking entry from an Australian entity. The judges commented on the project’s “very skillful planning.”





5. S.W. Milburn and Partners

Milburn和Dow将长廊延伸至升起的建筑下面，并在屋顶上安置了一个直升机停机坪，以满足特殊的指挥及降落需要。

Budget Direct: Milburn and Dow tucked their promenade under the raised building and planted a helicopter pad up on the roof, presumably in case the conductor needed to get somewhere in a hurry.





6. Vine and Vine

英国公司 Vine and Vine设计的庞大歌剧院由两个礼堂组成，中间被餐厅隔开。和许多竞争对手一样，他们也设计了户外空间，并在提案中设计了一个下沉的亲水广场。

Budget Direct: English company Vine and Vine’s sprawling opera house was made up of two auditoria, separated by a restaurant. Like many of their competitors, the Vines made provision for outdoor space – in their case with a sunken waterside plaza.





7. Kelly and Gruzen

这个合作小组设计的入口呼应了Vine提案中的下沉庭院，而这个美国小组设计的入口带有一种拉斯维加斯式的活力。

图片：Budget Direct via NeoMam Studios

Budget Direct: This collaborative group’s entrance echoes the Vines’ with its sunken courtyards. But there’s also a certain Vegas-style pizzazz to the American team’s entry.