墨西哥Karina的房子
Karina House / Francisco Pardo Arquitecto

由专筑网邵红佳，王雪纯编译

文字说明由建筑设计事务所提供。在墨西哥经历了2017年九月的地震之后，来自国内外的建筑设计公司和设计团体都参与到重建墨西哥计划中。这个计划项目由PienZa Sostenible赞助，倡导人们联合起来实现自发的可持续的重建。在灾难发生后的17个月里，来自社会各界人士的捐助以及各种机构和志愿者们的协助使得PienZa Sostenible已经在6个省联合了超过150个重建项目。这些项目意在提高社区居民的生活质量，不仅仅针对那些受灾的社区，还有那些贫困的社区。

Text description provided by the architects. Following the earthquakes of September 2017, different architectural offices, designers and collaborators, both national and international, joined ReConstruir México, a project supported by PienZa Sostenible, which emerged with the aim of joining forces to achieve a conscious and sustainable reconstruction. Seventeen months after the tragedy, PienZa Sostenible has managed more than 150 reconstruction projects in 6 states thanks to the support of different donors, agencies and volunteers, with the aim of improving the quality of life of people in communities that not only suffered serious effects on their heritage, but also present serious cases of vulnerability and social deprivation.









从2017年到今天，墨西哥州Ocuilan区一共有16栋房屋建成。这个项目由LoveArmyMéxico支持，由Fundación Origen ¡échale! to your House,、Fuerza México Trust、 PienZa Sostenible等机构支持，提供了40多个建筑工作室设计的50套单户住宅，还提供了一个由T_ O Arquitectura设计的社区中心。

建筑事务所响应了PienZa Sostenible 和Love Army México的要求，给Ocuilán de Arteaga–的Guzmán家设计了一套房子。在807平方英尺的地块上，Guzmans原来的家是一个面积为16x13英尺的、以木结构为支架的、搭着金属板的危房。这个房子没有任何隔断，厕所在室外，室内地面是土做的。这个房子住着Karina和她的家人，包括她的丈夫Miguel ángel和她们的女儿Annette和Alix。

Since August 2017 until today, a total of 16 homes have been delivered in Ocuilan, State of Mexico. The project promoted by #LoveArmyMéxico, and supported by Fundación Origen, ¡échale! to your House, Fuerza México Trust and PienZa Sostenible, comprises 50 single-family homes designed by more than 40 architecture offices, as well as a Community Center, by T_O Arquitectura.
We designed a house for the Guzmán family in the rural town of Ocuilán de Arteaga–through a request by Fundación PienZa Sostenible and Love Army México. The family land–of 4,305 ft2–where the house used to be is divided into five equal parts: one per sibling. In their 807 ft2 plot, the Guzmans originally had a precarious wood construction of approximately 16 x 13 feet, covered in metal sheets, without any kind of isolation, and with an attached latrine; inside, it had soil floors. The house was inhabited by Karina, her husband Miguel ángel, and their daughters: Annette and Alix.



我们和Karina的家人讨论了她们新家的布局。我们想知道她们需要什么样的空间以及什么对她们喜欢的风格。她们要求有两个房间，一个小的起居室和室外用来烧木头的炉子，最好不是露天的。

如果房子只有一层，那就只能设计一座面积为527平方英尺的建筑，占地面积是807平方英尺，那么这个家将会没没有剩余的空地了。 因此，我们决定建造一座两层楼的房子，将一层平面减少到263平方英尺，并留下种植树木的区域。 此外，我们在三楼创建了一个露台，一个家庭的私密空间，在那里他们可以看到城镇，邻近的田野和周围的火山。

We talked with the family about the layout for their new home; we wanted to know what they needed and what would work for them. They requested two rooms, a small living room, and a wood-burning stove outside, preferably roofed.
If we had designed a one-story house–i.e., a 527 ft2 building in a land of 807 ft2–the family would have been left without open areas. Therefore, we decided to build a two-story house, reducing the floor plan to 263 ft2 and leaving an area for planting trees. Furthermore, this allowed us to create a terrace on the third floor–an intimate space for the family, where they can see the town, the neighboring fields, and the surrounding volcanoes.



我们试图了解这个家庭的具体生活方式，我们被要求设计出两个房间，一个小房间和一个外面的木炉。

我们的对话引发了对于室外空间的讨论：Karina在室外用柴火做饭，她的女儿在室外玩耍。这就是我，们为什么把厨房作为房子的中心轴。这样的话，Karina在做饭的时候就可以看到田野的景色，看到她女儿玩耍，也会和家人和邻居互动交流。

Tratamos de entender la manera especiífica de vivir de la familia, nos solicitaron dos cuartos, una pequeña estancia y una cocina de leña en el exterior cubierta.
Our conversations leaded to the relevance of outdoor areas: Karina cooks with firewood outside, while the girls play in the field. This is the reason why we contemplated the kitchen as the central axis of the house, the place from where you can see everything. This way, while Karina is cooking, she can have a view of the field and see her daughters playing, as well as interact with her family and neighbors.





厕所原先位于室外，供所有家人一起使用。我们试图尊重他们的习惯，将厕所作为一个独立设施来建造，现在里面包括浴室和更隐私的空间。

我们使用混凝土作为基础，用抛光水泥作为地板。与原来由夯土制作的墙相比，新的墙体是由钢筋混凝土制作。门窗都使用了松木，所有的设计都是为了满足Guzman家的需求，建造的更结实的房屋，让他们享受更好的生活空间。

The toilet, previously attached to the house, was shared by all of the families. We sought to respect this common use, so the toilet was built as an independent facility and is now a full bathroom and a more private space.
We used concrete for the foundation and polished cement for the floors. Vertical reinforcements were installed in the walls–reinforced concrete slabs. Compressed earth blocks, created in situ, were used for every wall and pinewood was used for the doors and windows. This is how we were able to entirely adapt the design to the needs and uses of the Guzman family and to build a new and more resistant home for them, providing better space conditions.

























建筑设计：Francisco Pardo Arquitecto
地点：墨西哥
类型：住宅
首席建筑师：Francisco Pardo
占地面积：49.0平方米
项目年份：2018
摄影：Jaime Navarro，Pablo Astorga，Fernanda Olivares
设计团队：Ivan Saucedo，Karen Burkart，Daniel Castillo，JuanGutiérrez，JesúsManjarrez，EréndiraNavarrete，SofíaRodríguez，Gustavo Vargas
客户：Karina, Miguel ángel, Annette y Alix (Familia Guzmán González)
项目主管：Pienza Sostenible
施工：échaleatu casa
Vinculaciónconla comunidad：FundaciónOrigen

Architects: Francisco Pardo Arquitecto
Location: Ocuilan de Arteaga, Mexico
Category: Houses
Lead Architect: Francisco Pardo
Area: 49.0 m2
Project Year: 2018
Photographs: Jaime Navarro, Pablo Astorga, Fernanda Olivares
Design Team: Ivan Saucedo, Karen Burkart, Daniel Castillo, Juan Gutiérrez, Jesús Manjarrez, Eréndira Navarrete, Sofía Rodríguez, Gustavo Vargas
Clients: Karina, Miguel ángel, Annette y Alix (Familia Guzmán González)
Supervisión arquitectónica y coordinación de proyecto: Pienza Sostenible
Construction: échale a tu casa
Vinculación con la comunidad: Fundación Origen