科英布拉旧陶器协会大楼
Building of the Old Ceramic Society of Coimbra / Luisa Bebiano Arquitectura + Atelier do Corvo

由专筑网李韧，王雪纯编译

来自建筑设计事务所的描述：科英布拉旧陶瓷协会大楼位于葡萄牙中部城市科英布拉Rua da Sofia与 Alta的保护区范围内，并且被列入联合国教科文组织世界文化遗产名录之中。建筑位于城市地势较低处，周边为中世纪庭院，这里的环境随季节而改变。整个场地位于古老的冲积层区域，常常受到洪水的影响，在20世纪中期，由于其地质与水质十分适合手工陶瓷制品的制作，该地区成为陶瓷制品主要产地。该地区没有强烈的大风，也没有特定的气候状况。当地夏季的温度大约为15°C至40°C，冬天的温度大约为0°C至18°C。

Text description provided by the architects. The building of Coimbra's Old Ceramics is located on the protection limit of the classification of the Rua da Sofia and Alta in the city of Coimbra (Portugal), included in the classified list of World Cultural Heritage sites of Unesco. Located in the lower part of the city, in a medieval yard that has mutated over time, the site is in an old alluvium zone, an area affected by regular floods. The surrounding territory was, until the mid-XX century, due to the geological and moisture characteristics, suitable for the manufacture of clay, the raw material of handmade ceramics. This area of the city does not have strong winds nor any specific climatic condition of the region. Temperatures can range from 40°C to 15°C in the summer and 18°C to 0°C in winter.







科英布拉旧陶瓷协会大楼只是这座城市18世纪陶器制作单元的一部分，同时保持着与科英布拉大学的密切联系。这座建筑是仅有的具有鲜明特色的作品，也是科英布拉城市工业考古与遗产不可分割的重要组成部分。因此，这座仍在运行的工厂有着特殊的工业考古价值，于是它需要进行修复与重建工作，对原有建筑进行翻新，赋予其博物馆的特征，同时展示工业遗产，保留其生产价值。

The building of the Old Ceramic Society of Coimbra was part in a vast (now extinct) cluster of ceramic production units from the 18th century in this area of the city, in connection to the University of Coimbra. This building is the only example left with distinctive features and an important part in industrial archeology and heritage linked to the ceramics of Coimbra. Being the only original factory still operating, hence its exceptional interest in industrial archeology, it was imperative recovering, preserving and recontextualizing its heritage, renovating the building and equipping it with museological conditions to expose its heritage, while keeping its unique production.



生产区域分为两个楼层，一楼为陶器区，这里应用了原生材料和储存设施，另外还有窑区，这一层是主要使用玻璃与油漆。建筑的原有体量得以保留，并且也尽量保留了建筑的结构元素，对于一些重复的元素，选择拆除或是再利用，此外，建筑师增加了一些必要的新构件，但是仍然保持整体的工艺施工流程。

The production area splits over two floors: on the ground floor, the pottery section (whose circuit is with raw material and its indispensable storage supports) and the section of the kiln; on the first floor are located the glazing and painting sections. Keeping the original building volume was followed by the option of maintaining the maximum of structural elements (carefully removing the overlapping elements, often reallocated), restoring most of the building and inserting new elements when necessary, but essentially maintaining the same crafted constructive processes.







18世纪的窑区类型与Charles Lepierre的研究相呼应。保护与复原策略以极简干预措施为原则，并对单元进行功能性施工，保留制造标记。建筑策略强调了时间的连续性。建筑有着外部承重石墙、松木地面以及隔断构件，它有着诸如砖、石膏、石灰等传统元素。建筑的结构经过了修复。对于损坏较大的屋面进行了重新建造。

The kiln typology (18th century) corresponds to the depictions included in the studies of Charles Lepierre. The conservation and restoration approach was based on a non-intrusive minimal intervention strategy, allowing a constructive and functional interpretation of the unit, leaving the manufacturing marks visible. Architectural solutions emphasize the continuity between the times, without ruptures. Completely built with exterior load-bearing stone walls, pine flooring, and partitions, it has several traditional elements such as brick, plaster, and lime (outside). The structure of the building has been partially restored and relocated. The roof was completely redone given its advanced degradation while maintaining the original volume of the building.







石头墙体起到了加固结构的作用。外墙应用了“传统砂浆”，这种砂浆以熟石灰为主要原料，再进行手工整平。由于城市肌理的形态变换，因此建筑的东西立面呈现不规则形态，设置小型开口满足自然通风。整座建筑有着良好的被动式性能，因此不需要额外的机械通风。另外，建筑保留了古老的大型烟囱，这也是自然通风管道，如果室内需要保持一定温度，其通风口可以关闭。

The walls in stone masonry were structurally consolidated. The so-called "traditional mortars" were used for the exterior walls, based on slacked lime and finished with a manual trowel. With an irregular shape, due to the successive morphological transformations of this urban fabric, the building has two façades (the East and the West), allowing adequate natural ventilation, with small openings. The whole building has an excellent passive energy behavior, not requiring any mechanical ventilation. As for ventilation support, the building has the large chimneys of the old kilns, which acts as a natural ventilation duct with the excess heat, or is kept closed when one needs to keep a warm temperature (heated through wood stoves).





























建筑设计：Atelier do Corvo, Luisa Bebiano Arquitectura
地点：葡萄牙
类别：翻新
主创建筑师：Luisa Bebiano, Carlos Antunes
面积：692.0 ㎡
项目时间：2018年
摄影：do mal o menos
设备：Luisa Bebiano, Carlos Antunes, Pedro Canotilho, Diogo Rodrigues, Ivan Sach, Rui Santos, Mário Carvalhal
顾问：Pedro Canotilho, Diogo Rodrigues, Ivan Sach, Rui Santos, Mário Carvalhal, João Miranda
施工方：Civifran, Construções, Lda.
机械工程：ECA Projectos
家具：Civifran, Construções, Lda.
客户：Sociedade Ceramica Antiga de Coimbra, Lda. / Eduardo Bebiano Correia
预算：360.000,00

Architects: Atelier do Corvo, Luisa Bebiano Arquitectura
Location: Quintal do Prior, 2 e 4, 3000-339, Portugal
Category: Renovation
Arquitetos Responsáveis: Luisa Bebiano, Carlos Antunes
Area: 692.0 ㎡
Project Year: 2018
Photographs: do mal o menos
Equipe: Luisa Bebiano, Carlos Antunes, Pedro Canotilho, Diogo Rodrigues, Ivan Sach, Rui Santos, Mário Carvalhal
Consultants: Pedro Canotilho, Diogo Rodrigues, Ivan Sach, Rui Santos, Mário Carvalhal, João Miranda
Construction: Civifran, Construções, Lda.
Engineering: ECA Projectos
Furniture: Civifran, Construções, Lda.
Client: Sociedade Ceramica Antiga de Coimbra, Lda. / Eduardo Bebiano Correia
Budget: 360.000,00