Zvonarka Central Bus Terminal / CHYBIK + KRISTOF

由专筑网小R编译

这是一个2011年就启动的重新设计与保护项目，建筑师们都在积极地保护着现有的粗野主义结构建筑及其原有的建筑特征，这很好地表达了CHYBIK + KRISTOF事务所对于建筑遗产延续的承诺，他们强调了车站在于城市以及地区社会文化结构中的核心作用，同时也表达了衰败的交通系统与公共空间的利用这一策略的紧迫性，在设计中，他们把透明性和流线结合其中，在屋面的设计中，建筑师们将公共汽车站转变为适应当前社会需求的功能实体，CHYBIK + KRISTOF强调了影响项目的社会意识，也明确了建筑师在社会积极变革中的职责所在。

Text description provided by the architects. Self-initiated in 2011, this redesign and restoration project saw the architects actively engage in preserving the existing Brutalist structure and its original architectural identity, reflecting CHYBIK + KRISTOF’s commitment to perpetuating architectural heritage. Stressing the station’s central role in the city and region’s sociocultural fabric, they address the urgency to rethink the use of a decaying transportation hub and public space. Placing transparency, and access, at the root of their design, they have transformed the bus terminal into a functional entity adapted to current social needs. Underlining the social awareness that consistently informs their projects, CHYBIK + KRISTOF affirm architects’ responsibility in acting as agents for positive social change.



与布拉格国际知名的Praha酒店与Transgas建筑相似的是，Brno的Zvonarka中央公共汽车站建造于1988年，长期以来一直被认为是捷克共和国粗野主义建筑遗产的著名代表作品，在战后建筑中，粗野主义或“Béton Brut”一直都存在于主导地位，这指的是庆祝激进主义和实验主义的裸露混凝土建筑，很久以来，建筑师与相关学者之间存在着两极分化，其中就包含有CHYBIK + KRISTOF事务所，就如同扎哈、隈研吾等著名建筑师那样，他们赞同保护粗野主义建筑遗产，并且利用其中的美学与材料特征。

Akin to the internationally renowned Hotel Praha and Transgas buildings in Prague, Brno’s Zvonarka Central Bus Terminal, built in 1988, has long been considered one of the notable remaining examples of the Czech Republic’s Brutalist architectural heritage. Dominating much of post-war architecture, Brutalism or “béton brut” – referring to the exposed concrete architecture that simultaneously celebrates progressiveness and experimentalism – has long polarized architects and scholars alike, among whom CHYBIK + KRISTOF. Like notable figures from Zaha Hadid to Kengo Kuma, they have consistently advocated for the preservation of Brutalist architectural heritage, citing its intriguing aesthetic and raw material qualities.



近年以来，许多此类建筑都即将拆除，其中包括Praha酒店（2014年）、Transgas大楼（2019年），还有充满争议的伦敦Robin Hood花园（2017年）、美国Burroughs Wellcome大楼（2021年），CHYBIK + KRISTOF事务所确定自己将参与这些建筑的保护工作，那么在这样的前提下，粗野主义建筑Zvonarka公共汽车站就成为了当地的代表。

Zvonarka中央公共汽车站设计于1984年，建造于1988年，这里是该地区城市交通的主要站点，在1989年，这座建筑仅仅完成了第一阶段的施工，并且恢复了其公共汽车站的功能，这座建筑是公认的粗野主义作品，有着高昂的维护成本，因此后期几乎没有维护，从而造成建筑状况不佳的情况。

2011年，CHYBIK + KRISTOF事务所逐步意识到车站衰败的现状，他们希望构思一个积极的设计方案，来取代已经无法恢复的公共空间，因此建筑师们设计了初步的设计方案，他们也希望通过媒体来引起大众的关注，促进当地人民和政府之间的沟通与交流，在经过四年之后的合作，该项目终于在2015年获得了资金的投入，并且该项目也被认为是欧洲的基金项目，在2021年，建筑师们公布了交通枢纽与公共空间的修复与设计方案，这个粗野主义遗产场所得以保留，并且功能空间得以重组，也兼顾了历史与社会的需求。

With many such structures demolished or threatened in recent years – among which the now-demolished Hotel Praha (2014) and Transgas (2019), the controversial Robin Hood Gardens (2017) in London, and the Burroughs Wellcome Building (2021) in the United States, CHYBIK + KRISTOF affirm their engagement for their protection, placing the Brutalist Zvonarka Bus Terminal building as a local case-in-point of such circumstances.
Designed in 1984 and built in 1988, the Zvonarka Central Bus Terminal has continuously acted as the region’s main bus station for intercity transport. In 1989, the building was privatized, with only the first phases of construction complete, and resuming its role as a bus station. Recognized as a Brutalist heritage site, its high maintenance costs led to little upkeep, driving to its gradual deterioration.
In 2011, CHYBIK + KRISTOF grew aware of the station’s decaying conditions. Eager to advance a positive alternative to a seemingly irrecoverable space, they reached out to its private owners with an elementary redesign proposal. Drawing wide public attention through social media, their initiative prompted a conversation between local private stakeholders and public authorities – and after a four-year-long collaborative exchange, the required funding was attained in 2015, notably through the project’s recognition as a European funds project. In 2021, ten years later, the architects now unveil the restored and redesigned transportation hub and public space – a preserved Brutalist heritage site and reconfigured functional space, attentive to both its history and to evolving social needs.



Zvonarka中央公共汽车站很好地反应了CHYBIK + KRISTOF事务所在项目构思时的社会意识，为了确定当前的社会状况，他们和相关人员接触与沟通，其中包含建筑师、官方人员、当地与外地合作伙伴，建筑师们应用了整体化社会文化与技术策略，构思了以使用者为导向的超前设计方案，该方案不仅仅是单纯的项目施工，车站的城市门户功能得以强调，并且这个空间的重要性也得以表达，这个交通枢纽愈发能代表城市形象，长久以来，建筑师们希望能够设计出满足使用者需求的功能方案，让车站成为城市不可或缺的一部分，进一步融入周边的城市肌理，给社会与城市带来全新的活力。

除此之外，CHYBIK + KRISTOF事务所的建筑师们认可自己是这个城市空间的建筑师与使用者，在项目的设计过程中，他们充分结合现状与未来、公共与私人、功能与感受等元素之间的内在关系、微差，以及相互作用，同时强调车站的枢纽功能，这里每天会接待来自820多个地区、国家的17000名乘客。

The Zvonarka Central Bus Terminal mirrors CHYBIK + KRISTOF’s profound social awareness in conceiving their projects. First identifying the ongoing social dynamics, they engage with diverse stakeholders – architects, public entities and private partners, local and external. Adopting a holistic socio-cultural and technical approach, they ultimately bring forward a user-centered, conscious design – one that moves beyond the mere construction process. Stressing the station’s role as the point of entry into and departure from the city, they outline the significance of this transitional space, as transportation hubs increasingly come to act as windows onto cities. All the while conceiving a functional redesign receptive to users’ needs, the architects cultivate the station’s essence as the city’s social nerve, envisioning how to further integrate it into the surrounding urban fabric and invite new social dynamics within it.
True to these two engagements, CHYBIK + KRISTOF position themselves as both architects and citizens of this urban space. In doing so, they consider the inherent relationships, nuances and synergies between the existing and the envisioned, the public and the private, the function and the experience – all-the-while stressing the station’s primary role as a transportation hub, through which over 820 regional, national and international connections and 17,000 passengers transit each day.



透明性是全新设计方案的根基。在这个项目中，建筑师们向曾经的建筑师Radúz Russ表达了敬意，他们很自豪地展示了车站原有粗野主义结构体系，让空间的棱角以及有机波浪形体形成对话，这也表达了车辆与乘客的无缝流动，除此之外，整体结构也愈发透明，墙体被拆除，让光线进入室内，从而激发人们对于安全与舒适的回忆，依据原有的平面布局，主要大厅成为了一个没有墙体的开放式结构，双面的屋顶可以容纳独立的公交站点，而外部则用作停车空间，建筑师希望车站能够向城市开放，因此也拆除了来自上世纪90年代的临时结构体系，同时在街道层建造了通向车站的第二个入口。原有的结构体系上增添了全新的照明装置，并且刷成了白色，再增加全新的信息办公室、售票等候区、站台，还有一个服务于残障人士的定位系统，通过这样的设计策略，CHYBIK + KRISTOF事务所让这座建筑成为了动态且内在的功能性社会核心，引导人们的来来往往。

Transparency is at the root of their new design. Paying homage to its original architect Radúz Russ, they proudly expose the station’s characteristically raw Brutalist structure, contrasting its angularity with an organic wave that mirrors the seamless flow of vehicles and passengers. They also turn to structural transparency, removing walls and favoring light as evocative of access, safety and comfort. Following the original square floorplan, they reconfigure the main hall as an open structure devoid of walls. A two-sided roof, the inner space houses the individual bus stops while the outer area serves as a parking space for buses. Eager to open up the terminal onto the city, the architects remove the temporary structures added in the 1990s and erect a second entry to the station at street level. Adding new light fixtures onto the main worn-down structure, which they repaint in white, they introduce a new information office, ticketing and waiting areas, platforms, and an orientation system accessible to the disabled. Through this design, CHYBIK + KRISTOF transform the building into a dynamic, functional and intrinsically social hub, channeling an unrestricted flow of locals and passengers alike.



CHYBIK + KRISTOF事务所不仅仅在未来几年重新设计了Zvonarka中央公共汽车站及周边的区域，他们还在当地启动了几个再开发项目，其中的孟德尔广场和孟德尔温室项目即将在2022年完工，这是用于纪念孟德尔这位科学家及现代遗传学家的200年诞辰，相反地，孟德尔广场和孟德尔温室项目重新审视了作为特别遗产的现有空间，这里作为一个开放交通枢纽，扎根于城市悠久的历史，并且针对不断发展的社会动态做出了回应。

In addition to the redesign of the Zvonarka Central Bus Terminal and of its surrounding areas to unfold gradually in the coming years, CHYBIK + KRISTOF have initiated several redevelopment projects in Brno. Among these, the Mendel Square and Mendel Greenhouse projects, to be completed in 2022 in homage to the notorious scientist and father of modern genetics on the 200th anniversary of his birth, will, in turn, revisit the existing space, a distinct heritage site, as an open transportation hub – rooted in Brno’s longstanding history and responsive to its evolving social dynamics.



建筑设计：CHYBIK + KRISTOF
类型：公共汽车站
时间：2021年
摄影：Alex Shoots Buildings
城市：Brno-střed
国家：捷克共和国

BUS STATION
BRNO-STŘED, CZECH REPUBLIC
Architects: CHYBIK + KRISTOF
Year: 2021
Photographs: Alex Shoots Buildings
City: Brno-střed
Country: Czech Republic