Freestanding roof spans Haiti orphanage by Bonaventura Visconti di Modrone

由专筑网Yumi，杨帆编译

海地的一所孤儿院有一个折线形屋顶，独立于墙面，使微风渗透到建筑中，从酷热的气候中解放出来，同时能够抵抗地震。

The zigzagging roof of this orphanage in Haiti is independent of its walls, allowing breezes to permeate the building and offer relief from the hot climate, as well as providing earthquake resistance.

米兰建筑师Bonaventura Visconti di Modrone设计了这个400平方米的建筑综合体，给Anse-à-Pitres村庄里30个无家可归的孩子提供住所。

The 400-square-metre complex designed by Milanese architect Bonaventura Visconti di Modrone provides housing for 30 previously homeless children in the village of Anse-à-Pitres.

NGO Ayitimoun Yo负责设计它，该项目名为Ti Kay Là，从克里奥尔方言翻译过来的意思是小房子。它由三个砖砌集体宿舍组成，通过走廊连接起来。这是该建筑师第一个建成的建筑。

Commissioned by the NGO Ayitimoun Yo, the project is named Ti Kay Là, which translates from the Creole dialect as small house. It comprises three brick dormitories linked by verandas. It is the architect's first completed building.

“非政府组织创始人参与的一个会议产生了为孩子们设计抗震建筑的设计思路，这种建筑也可以作为一种资源或者让孩子们感受到热情，让他们可以成为大家庭的一员，”建筑师说。

“非政府组织想要一个易于控制的空间，让孩子们能够睡觉并且可以进行日常活动。”

"A meeting with the NGO founders fostered the idea of designing an anti-seismic building for the children, that could also serve as a resource or haven to help them feel welcome and part of a family again," said the architect.
"The NGO wanted a space that would be easy to control, in which the children could sleep and carry out their daily activities."

砖砌的集体宿舍没有天花板，被综合体的大屋顶覆盖在下方，大屋顶由6个独立片段组成。

The brick dormitories have no ceilings and are tucked beneath the complex's overarching roof, which is made up of six freestanding segments.

支撑屋顶的结构是用木材制作的——选择它是因为它灵活的性能——木材与砖砌墙体分离，以至于在该地区的地震频发期不会传递震感。

屋顶覆盖有涂层的铝板，这是因为它们既轻盈又具有耐久性，还因为当地的工作者早已熟悉这种材料。集体宿舍的墙壁由定制的砖建造。

The braced roof structure is made from wood – chosen for its ability to flex – and is detached from the brickwork so as not to transmit vibrations during the earthquakes the region regularly experiences.
The roofs are covered in cream-painted aluminium sheets, which were selected for their lightness and durability, but also because local workers were already familiarity with the material. The dormitory walls are built from custom-made bricks.

混凝土梁通过空心砖连通，进一步加强结构，蚊帐被悬挂在建筑物开敞的顶部。

设计的灵感来自于两种类型的民居——lakou四合院和农村住宅，它们的典型特征是阳台用装饰和坡屋顶覆盖。

Concrete beams are fed through hollows in bricks to reinforce the structure further, and mosquito nets are strung across their open tops.
The design takes its inspiration from two types vernacular housing – lakou courtyard houses and rural dwellings, which typically feature verandahs covered with decorative and pitched roofs.

“建筑符合地方建筑文脉是很重要的，因此，lakou住宅和海地农村住宅这两种建筑的典型元素被采用，”建筑师说。

“在海地文化中，尤其是坡屋顶意味着尊重和接纳，因此它被反复采用，创建了独特形状的不间断覆盖层。”

"It was important that the building fit within the local architectural context, two of its typical elements were adopted: the lakou settlement and the Haitian rural house," said the architect.
"In the Haitian culture, the pitched roof especially means respect and acceptance, so it was included repeatedly, creating the characteristic shape of the uninterrupted cover."

工作室收留了一些孩子住在综合体中，这也有助于确定设计元素，包括砖墙的颜色。

“这让他们未来的住所能够充分个性化，并且增强他们的归属感，”建筑师说。

Workshops held with the children who would live in the complex also helped to determine elements of the design, including the colouring of the brickwork.
"This helped them to personalise their future houses and strengthened their feeling of ownership," said the architect.

由于海地资源有限，大多数的材料——包括混凝土、铝板和生产砖的砂石——必须从Dominican Republic进口，从产地运送需要一天。两国的外交问题进一步阻碍了这项进程，使这批货物的海关通关变得困难。这是项目最具挑战性的一点，他们还面临着现场场地水源和电力的缺乏。

总的来说，它雇佣了当地的40位工人，用超过一年的时间建成该项目，预算为60000欧元（50000英镑）。

摄影：Marco Cappelletti, Bonaventura Visconti di Modrone and Rocìo Faìren.

Due to Haiti's limited resources, most materials – including concrete, aluminium and sand to produce the bricks – had to be imported from the Dominican Republic, which is a day's travel from the site. The process was further hampered by diplomatic issues between the two countries, making customs clearance for the goods difficult.
This was one of the most challenging aspects of the project, according to Visconti di Modrone, who also had to contend with a lack of water and electricity on the construction site.
In total, it took 40 local workers over a year to build the project on a budget of € 60,000 (£50,000).
Photography is by Marco Cappelletti, Bonaventura Visconti di Modrone and Rocìo Faìren.

Construction diagram/施工图

Spatial diagram/空间图

Site plan/场地平面图

House plan/平面图

A typical room plan/房间平面图

Site section/剖面图

Long section/长的剖面图

Cross section/很截面

项目信息
建筑师：Bonaventura Visconti di Modrone
合作方：Vittorio Capraro, Edoardo Monti
客户：Ayitimoun Yo
建设：Bonaventura Visconti di Modrone with local workers
赞助商：Laura and Pier Luigi Loro Piana, Fonderia Artistica Battaglia, Roomupstairs

Project credits:
Architect: Bonaventura Visconti di Modrone
Collaborators: Vittorio Capraro, Edoardo Monti
Client: Ayitimoun Yo
Construction: Bonaventura Visconti di Modrone with local workers
Sponsors: Laura and Pier Luigi Loro Piana, Fonderia Artistica Battaglia, Roomupstairs


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