Sustainability Slovenian style

由专筑网刘政和，杨帆编译

Forma住宅是由Arhitektura Jure Kotnik设计的一栋住宅，它位于Ravne na Koroškem郊区的一个靠近斯洛文尼亚和奥地利边界的山区小镇上。镇上有超过400年的炼铁传统，当地钢铁厂对当地经济、体育和文化都有着较大的影响。而对后者的影响自1964年以来尤其明显，因为在1964年这座工厂开始支持来自世界各地的艺术家举行名为“形式万岁”的雕塑研讨会。有40种形式的雕塑遍布在小镇各处，使之成为了大型的户外画廊，正是这种世界性的项目给Forma带来了设计背景和灵感来源。Forma这个名字本身就是形式万岁的意思，而艺术运动和房子之间的主要相似之处就在于形式和所使用的材料。

Forma Vila is a residential house, designed by Arhitektura Jure Kotnik, on the outskirts of Ravne na Koroškem, a small Alpine town close to the Slovenian-Austrian border. The town has an over 400 year-long tradition of iron-making, and the local ironworks have had a significant social-economic influence on the town, its sports and culture. The latter has been especially evident since 1964, when the factory started supporting sculpture symposiums “Forma Viva” for artists from all over the world. There are 40 Forma Viva sculptures located all over town, making it a large outdoor gallery, and it is this cosmopolitan project that has given Forma Vila its design context and served as its inspiration. The name itself, Forma Vila, is a play on the words Forma Viva, but the main resemblance between the art movement and the house lies in form and the materials used.

这座三口之家的住宅位于山顶上，离最近的两个雕塑只有一百米。我们在远处可以看到其他的雕塑。每层楼都有其动态形状，体量相互搭接着。这所房子用金属外观提供了与雕塑的直接联系。

The house for a family of three is located at a hill-top only a hundred metres away from the nearest two sculptures. Other sculptures can be seen in the distance. Each floor has its own dynamic shape, the square volumes overhanging one another. The house is wrapped in a metallic façade, providing a direct link with the sculptures.

从结构上看，房子分为由砖和当地石头组成的底部和两个木构上层体量。使用木材不仅实现了项目的可持续性建设，也使房子变得更加轻盈，这样就可以有较少的打桩以应对丘陵地形。铜-锌镀层的灰绿色外观使建筑在视觉上融入了周边的森林。而其立面也因此不需要再进行维护。

Structurally the house is divided into the bottom part made from brick and clad in a local-stone façade, and two upper floors with a mass timber construction. The use of wood, the only CO2 positive material, is not only sustainable, but makes the house lighter and required less piling on a demanding hilly terrain. The grey green colour of the copper-zinc façade makes the building visually blend in with the nearby forest. This façade requires a next to nothing maintenance.

建筑由中间层的一个宽敞的大厅进入。壮丽的景色通过客厅的窗户映入眼帘，远处镇中心的Javornik城堡及周边森林的美景似织锦般展开。客厅位于平台顶部，三面玻璃。当夜晚降临，城市和工厂都闪耀着灯光，像在曼哈顿一样，创建了一种国际化的感觉。客厅的壁炉和木质地板宽敞而舒适。宽敞的厨房与餐厅位于西面。中间层由于没有门而拥有良好的空间视觉效果。楼上是私人空间：两间卧室，一间浴室和私人的木质露台。由于悬臂体量和露台使建筑拥有了特殊的情调。露台两侧的中部地区形似游艇。而在某些细节处也有与游艇相似的地方，比如全玻璃阳台围栏最大限度地减少了其体量对房子的影响。

One enters the house through a spacious lobby on the mid floor. Magnificent views immediately open through the living room windows, the tapestry of the ironworks buildings spread out below, and behind them the town centre with the Javornik Castle in the distance on one side and the surrounding forest on the other. The living room is located in a top-spot console with three fully glassed sides. The night atmosphere, when the city and the factory are ablaze with lights, creates a special cosmopolitan feeling, almost Manhattan-like. The living room is spacious yet cosy with a fireplace and wooden floors. It continues into a spacious kitchen with a dining area that opens onto a terrace facing the west. The mid floor has an open layout with literally no doors and a good visual connection between spaces. The upper floor accommodates private spaces, two bedrooms with a bathroom and its own separate-placed wooden terrace each. With its overhangs and terraces, the house flirts with nautical architecture as well. Wooden decks on both sides of the central area imitate the yacht typology. The resemblance continues in certain details, such as the fully-glassed terrace fence pulled back from the façade axis, which minimizes its effect on the volume of the house.

一楼有一个为女儿准备的独立公寓，它有自己的平台。目前一楼是作为一个艺术画廊。这一层也包括所有服务用房、家庭办公室和客房。

There is room for an additional independent apartment with its own terrace on the ground floor, intended for the daughter. Currently the ground floor is used as an art gallery. This floor also includes all the service rooms, home office and guest bedroom.

Forma住宅被设计为一个可持续的低能耗房子。它充分利用当地材料，外观也无维护，并使用绝缘材料以避免热桥。虽然它有雕塑化的形式，但房子内部仍然相当紧凑，建筑主要向东南面和北面打开。建筑使用热泵来减少能耗，而东南立面的太阳能管负责加热水。

Forma Vila is designed as a sustainable low-energy house. It uses local materials, a façade that needs no maintenance, extensive insulation, and careful detailing in order to avoid thermal bridges. Despite its sculpture-like design, the house is still fairly compact, with the openings mostly to the south-east and the north façade blank. A heat pump is used for energy efficiency, and solar tubes on the south-east façade heat water.

Forma住宅是一座现代化主义的房子，在保留文化的同时也使用了当地的材料。因此，它给该地区带来了一种新的住宅建筑标准。

Forma Vila is a family house designed in a contemporary manner while at the same time preserving ties with the cultural traditions of its location and using local materials in a modern disguise. As such it brings to the area new standards in residential architecture.


出处：本文译自www.worldarchitecturenews.com/，转载请注明出处。