Le Corbusier's colourful Cité Frugès workers' housing now hosts fashionable apartments

由专筑网Yumi，韩平编译

为了波尔图以外的一家糖果工厂的工人，法国-瑞士建筑师勒•柯布西耶曾设计过一栋住宅综合体，但是长期被忽视，最近它被加入联合国教科文组织的世界遗产名录，焕发出作为理想的公寓的新生命。

色彩鲜艳的Cité Frugès住宅综合体在1924年完成，这个月初，该项目被收入联合国教科文组织名录，是勒•柯布西耶17个收入名录的项目的其中一个。在施工的时候，这是他第一个大型住宅方案。

法国工业家Henry Frugès被这位崭露头角的建筑师的作品迷住了，并委托柯布西耶为他糖厂的员工设计135个住宅单元。

The long-neglected housing complex designed by French-Swiss architect Le Corbusier for workers of a sugar factory outside Bordeaux, recently added to UNESCO's World Heritage List, has found a new life as desirable apartments.
The colourful Cité Frugès housing complex was completed in 1924 and is among 17 Le Corbusier projects that received UNESCO listing earlier this month. At the time of construction, it was his first large-scale residential scheme.
French industrialist Henry Frugès was enamoured by the budding architect's work, and commissioned him to design 135 housing units for the employees of his sugar factory.

他特别要求柯布西耶把他有争议的建筑原理应用到设计中去，“不管可能产生的极端后果”。

由此产生的综合体的许多层面是该建筑师后期作品的典型。这50个单元事实上是根据建筑师设计的7个模板建造的。建造者重复使用同一模板浇注混凝土，大大降低了成本。

所有的住宅都有屋顶露台，很多都是通过外部的楼梯相连。柯布西耶的建筑五要素在此设计中可以看见的包括：自由立面、横向长窗和柱网结构。

He specifically requested that he apply his controversial principles of architecture to the design, "however extreme the consequences might be".
Many aspects of the resulting complex were typical of the architect's later work. The 50 units that were actually built followed seven templates designed by the architect. This allowed builders to reuse the same formwork for pouring concrete, which greatly reduced costs.
All of the houses feature rooftop terraces, many of which are accessed by exterior staircases. Other examples of Le Corbusier's five points of architecture that are seen in the design include freestanding facades, horizontal strip windows and column-grid construction.

尽管Frugès和Le Corbusier有雄心，但是这个项目并不成功。大胆的现代主义建筑太前卫了，许多工人拒绝居住在公寓里。

最终，大部分的结构年久失修，建筑被抛弃。也有一些房主坚守着他们的房产，但是这座综合体的建筑价值总体未被认可。

在20世纪80年代，Pessac的居民购买了其中一个单元，把它转换成了博物馆和游客中心。这激起了人们对废弃房屋的兴趣，这些单元逐渐被恢复和保存。

Despite the ambitions of Frugès and Le Corbusier, the project was not a success. The bold Modernist architecture was too avant-garde, and many workers refused to inhabit the apartments.
Eventually, most of the structures to fell into disrepair and were abandoned. While some homeowners maintained their properties, the architectural value of the complex was overall unrecognised.
In the 1980s, the town of Pessac purchased one of the units and converted it to a museum and visitors centre. This stoked interest in the derelict housing, and units were increasingly rehabilitated and preserved.

如今，住宅简单的几何形体和大胆的颜色受到追捧，在房地产市场，这处房产值得拥有。除了越来越受到居民的欢迎，Cité Frugès现在也吸引了很多游客，他们被它的历史魅力所吸引。

最近，这位著名的法国-瑞士建筑师的其他项目也被UNESCO添加到重要建筑和历史基地的名单里，包括：一座在东京的致力于西方艺术的博物馆和朗香教堂，这可以说是二十世纪最重要的建筑之一。

Today, the simple geometry and bold colours of the houses are back in favour, and the properties have become desirable on the real estate market. In addition to being increasingly popular among residents, the Cité Frugès now also attracts many visitors, who are drawn by its historical appeal.
Other projects by the famed French-Swiss architect that UNESCO recently added to its list of significant architectural and historical sites include a museum in Tokyo dedicated to western art and the Ronchamp Chapel, arguably one of the most important buildings of the 20th Century.


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