Šmartinski公园，操场--LUZ设计
Šmartinski Park, Playground

由专筑网pilewyj，HYC编译

LUZ：今天的Šmartinski公园曾经是一大片私建的菜园。在城市空间规划文件的区域被定义为绿地和基础设施，但在现实中它被花圃和大棚占据，交通道路用地也在剥削这个公园用地。不仅如此，几个主要的高压线路也在这里交汇，影响绿地的规划设计。

直到2007年，该地区还是个连接繁忙道路和城市的中央公墓ŽALE的过渡带，随后也逐渐被称为问题区。对于批评的主要原因是缺乏管理的绿化和风格迥异的ŽALE墓地的标志性建筑，而它们则是由知名斯洛文尼亚建筑师JožE PLEčnik设计。具有讽刺意味的是，整顿城市绿化的工作确实计划在20世纪50年代末实施，但是最终随着时间推移，又变得无人问津。在最后阶段，园林绿化在这里被宣布为非法，没人知道多少这里曾有多少个花园，或是它们曾属于谁。

该地区里各种木制或锡棚屋和小建设蔬菜床四处散落，可谓一片狼藉。同时，该地区也长有不同种类的果树和许多多年生植物。从外面看，这个地方似乎不友好，甚至让人困惑和难以穿越，仿佛属于一个封闭的社区园丁。

LUZ: Today’s Šmartinski Park used to be a vast area of informal and individuals allotment gardens. In the municipal spatial planning documents the area was defined as green space and an infrastructural corridor, but in reality it was covered with garden beds and sheds, cut by a traffic road and crossed by a few main power lines. Still in 2007, the area mainly served as a buffer zone between busy roads and the city’s central cemetery Žale and was constantly referred to as a problem zone. The main reason for the criticism was the contradiction of unregulated gardening and the iconic architecture of the Žale cemetery, designed by recognized Slovene architect Jože Plečnik. Ironically, allotment gardening was indeed planned on the site in late 1950s but went out of control when years went by. At its final stage, gardening here was declared illegal, nobody knew how many individual gardens there are or who they belonged to. The area consisted of vegetable beds with various wooden or tin shacks and small constructions, scattered around. The area was planted randomly with different fruit trees and numerous perennials. From the outside, the place seemed unfriendly, even confusing and difficult to cross, belonging to a closed community of gardeners.

回溯到2007年，这片区域就被首先归属为卢布尔雅那市要清除的非法分配行列中了，这一举措也向市民们传达了新的城市发展与管理政策。相关部门公开启动了公园内部床棚的清理工作，市长办公室、市政官员和公共企业也全程密切合作执行。

对于园林工作中和城市园林的发展来说，这些最微妙的动作也是意义重大的。分配的园丁们能够从现场获得的副市长指示，还有专业团队的指点和提高保护好现有的树木形态结构的意识。同时，一个园艺新政策也随之公布。相关人员就公园的搬迁工作进行了讨论和计划以及研究如何体现最小干预理念。清理后，只有一个混合的野花草坪在第一季播种并开放使用，这也预示着规划设计过程的开始。

设计人员对附近的当地社区居民进行了咨询，了解他们的意愿，他们表达了对新公园和游乐场的需要。因此，该地区将成为新的总体规划中的一处公园。新公园将以周围一条道路的名字命名为Šmartinski公园。            

Back in 2007, the area was first in a row to be cleared of illegal allotment in the Municipality of Ljubljana to demonstrate new urban development and management policy. The clearing of gardening beds and sheds was announced and executed in a close cooperation between mayor’s office, municipal officials and public companies. This most delicate action was carried out with a lot of sensitivity to the gardeners and the future of gardening in the city as well as for the area’s future development. The allotment gardeners were able to get explanations from the mayor on site, the vice major gathered a professional team to mark and protect the existing trees form construction damage, and a new gardening policy was announced publicly. Rehabilitation was discussed and planned along with fieldwork which led to an idea of minimal intervention. After clearing of the area only a flowering lawn mixture was sown in the first season and the area was open to public use while the process of planning and designing started. The nearby local communities were consulted about their wishes and they confirmed a need for a new park and playground. The area was to become a public park in a new master plan and the road that was bisecting the area was to be omitted from it. The new park was to become Šmartinski Park, named after a road nearby.

由于其巨大的尺寸（近13公顷），该地区转变成一个公园的改造是需要一定时间的，从2007年刚开始的过程，一步一步直到2015年发展至高潮，其间一个城市的最大的同时最令人兴奋的游乐场建成了。

在第一阶段，只有两个基本漫游路径进行了施工，场地地形进行了改造和新的大型乔木得到了种植，当然，也清理了现场中的现有果树等。由于要求严苛，操场的设计经历了许多次修改。最初的设计理念是为所有人提供游戏区，无论使用者的年龄、身体或心理能力。操场上的位置是经过周密计划，对公墓的一个适当的关系，在一个加油站的后面，以减少主要道路和电力线的影响。

设计团队以往与学校和幼儿园的孩子的相关经验有关的各种比赛项目都被用作最有价值的基线设计思路。设计本身是提供宽敞、好玩的地形，结合水沙特征，大量的植被和一组不同的功能–高攀网，以期作为一个实质的播放设备。好玩的水的特征和路径设计成型的园区布局，增加软弯曲圆形形状的高价值功能从而转变为现有的公园中功能性的道路。

Due to its vast dimension of nearly 13 ha, the transformation of the area into a park was to be gradual, starting the process in 2007, step by step reaching its climax in 2015 by constructing one of the city’s biggest and most exciting playgrounds. In the first phase of park development only two basic walkthrough paths were erected, the terrain was reshaped and new large trees were planted while remnants of existing fruit trees were left on site. The playground was designed later due to many requests. The initial design idea was to provide a play area for all, no matter the age, physical or mental ability. The playground location was planned carefully, with a proper relation to the cemetery, behind a gas station and out of impacts of main road and power lines. The design team’s previous experiences with school and nursery kids participating in various play projects were used as most valuable baseline for a new design concept. The design itself was to provide spaciousness, playful terrain, water feature in combination with sand, lots of vegetation and play equipment with a diverse set of functions – a high climbing net with a view being one of its essentials. Playful water feature and path design were moulded to the park layout, adding soft curved circular shapes with high play value to the existing straight functional park paths.

几乎从一开始，场地改造为一个公园的想法对大众而言很容易接受，连园丁们都十分认同公共开放空间改造后的效果，同时也期盼在公园施工的第一个阶段能设先置一个操场，一直通向市政厅大楼。第一个想法中，操场会被建造在墓地前。这听起来有点不寻常，但事实证明这个想法似乎不错：人们希望公园里有一个操场的想法超过了其他功能性的场地；而且，如今的游客是来自四面八方，有远有近，甚至从卢布尔雅那以外。有些用户也表达了不一样的想法，如设置环形跑道或印有图形的长度标记，带有波浪上下路和微微弯曲的山地的骑行场地与卢布尔雅市特色的各式各样的满足戏水场景的功能性场地，如泵、大坝、砂质的通道或沟渠等，这些在其它地方都是罕见的。

操场安全（结合砂砾石）完全由经过反复揣摩而定的细节设计保证，避免一些过多的附加建设更改。操场开放后，参观的人很多，额外的自行车停放处、宠物公园的需求也逐渐被提出。最近公园人气的提升也引发了一个预期的功能需求，园方需要建立一个茶馆以为公园和游乐场的用户提供必要服务。

The transformation of allotment into a park was very well accepted almost from the beginning, even the gardeners recognized the quality of open public space and requests for a playground started to reach the city hall in the first season of park operation. At first idea of a playground in front of a cemetery sounded a bit unusual but life proves it right: people wished to have a playground constructed in a park more than anything and the visitors today are coming from near and far, even from outside of Ljubljana. Some of the users initiated ideas, such as circular paths for running or scooter riding with graphic length marks, a wavy up and down path and a softly curved hill with assortment of slides are the busiest features alongside water play – pumps, dams, channels or mills in combination with sand, a rarity in Ljubljana’s otherwise diverse play options. Playground safety (gravel in combination with sand) is fully provided by careful detailing without abundant constructional additions. After the playground was open, many people visited it, proposing additional bike racks and a dog park and both of proposals were realised. Recent popularity of the park also triggered an expected initiative to build a teahouse with necessary service features for the park and playground users.

设计：LUZ, d.d. (Maja Simoneti, Urška Kranjc, Klara Sulič, Sergej Hiti, Tomaž Stupar – Krajinaris, Dušan Stupar, Tanja Maljevac, Maša Šorn)
地点：斯洛文尼亚，卢布尔雅那
设计年份：2015–2016
建设年份：2015–2016
面积：11公顷
预算：1000欧元
图片来源：Luka Vidic
城市基建设施制造商：Kompan, Richterspielgerate, Outsider DK

Design: LUZ, d.d. (Maja Simoneti, Urška Kranjc, Klara Sulič, Sergej Hiti, Tomaž Stupar – Krajinaris, Dušan Stupar, Tanja Maljevac, Maša Šorn)
Location: Šmartinski park, Ljubljana, Slovenia
Design year: 2015 – 2016
Year of construction: 2015 – 2016
Area: 11 ha
Budget: 1.000.000 EUR
Image Credits: Luka Vidic
Manufacturer of urban Equipment: Kompan, Richterspielgerate, Outsider DK