Designs of the Decade: The Best Religious Buildings From 2012 to Today

由专筑网Martijn，小R编译

当代宗教建筑逐渐剥离多余的装饰，简化形式，表达更丰富的精神体验。

尽管说传统已经建立了几个世纪，礼拜所用建筑已经与尖拱、复杂的雕刻、镀金饰面、华丽的穹顶等联系在一起。但随着礼拜仪式对当前时代的适应，它们的建筑也随之变化。在过去的十年中，A+奖的新锐获奖者重新构想了如何将宗教象征成功转化为更适合当今文化建筑的抽象思想和几何形式。

本文按时间顺序介绍了过去十年中定义宗教建筑新标准的设计的发展。该系列展示了世界对于几何体的日益关注，这必将影响未来几年的设计和礼拜实践。

New religious buildings are stripping away excess ornamentation and focusing on simplified forms for a richer spiritual experience.
Though traditions established over the course of centuries, worship buildings have come to be associated with pointed arches, intricate carvings, gilded finishes, ornate domes and more. But as worship rituals adapt to current times, so has the architecture that accommodates them. Over the past decade, cutting-edge winners of the A+Awards have reimagined how religious symbolism can be successfully translated to abstract ideas and geometric forms that fit better with the architecture of culture today.
This this article takes a chronological look at the development of designs that have new standards for religious buildings over the course of the past ten years. This collection demonstrates a growing global focus on geometric volumes, which will surely impact design and worship practice in the coming years.


2013：湖中教堂
Di Vece arquitectos
2013 年 A+ 奖评审团获胜者，机构 - 宗教建筑





水中教堂是一个位于住宅区中心的概念设计，旨在让礼拜成为居民日常生活的一部分。小教堂的屋顶由细长的柱子支撑，并在漆黑的夜晚得以照亮，这是一个照亮人们生活的能量细丝的视觉隐喻。建筑师设计了一个开放且无界的结构，其目的是创造一个对每个人都更有吸引力且更易接近的空间。教堂的远端通向水面，而雕刻的十字架就在几英尺外。

该项目是一个现代简约设计的小教堂。所有通常与传统教堂相关的传统元素都被剥离了，只留下了屋顶和支撑柱，这些柱子构成了一个开放的圣地，供人们在水边礼拜和沉思。

2013: Capilla del Lago
Di Vece arquitectos
Jury Winner, 2013 A+Awards, Institutional – Religious Buildings

Capilla del Lago is a conceptual design located at the core of a residential area, intending to make praying a part of the residents’ daily lives. The roof of the chapel is held up by slender columns that are illuminated on dark nights — a visual metaphor for the filaments of energy that illuminate people’s lives. Di Vece arquitectos designed as an open and boundless structure with the goal of making a space that was more inviting and accessible to everyone. The far end of the chapel opens up to the water, where a carved cross stands just a few feet away.
The design is a very modern and minimal take on a classic chapel. All conventional elements typically associated with traditional chapels are stripped away, leaving behind a roof and supporting columns that offer an open sanctum for worship and reflection by the water.


2014：公路教堂
Schneider+Schumacher | 德国 维尔恩斯多夫
大众选择，2014 年 A+ 奖，宗教建筑

2014: Autobahn Church
schneider+schumacher | Wilnsdorf, Germany
Popular Choice, 2014 A+Awards, Religious Buildings




Images by Jörg Hempel

教堂的棱角分明和爽朗现代的外观与内部空间弯曲的木质的温暖形成鲜明对比。从外面看，这个体量是由一系列纯白多边形组成的。内部则由弯曲的木板组成，它们相交形成拱顶。由于墙壁上没有开窗，光线通过两个尖顶进入教堂。

数字技术在这个设计中发挥了重要作用。计算机编程用于创建数字形态并优化圆顶的材料。这些部件在场外制造的并在现场组装。这座教堂延续了对传统礼拜空间进行现代化改造以提升其形式和内部体验的趋势。

The sharp angles and crisply modern exterior of the church offers a sharp contrast to the curving wooden warmth of the interior space. From the outside, the mass is formed by a series of stark white polygons. The insides are composed of curved wooden panels that intersect to create vaults. As there are no fenestrations on the walls and light enters the church through the two spires.
Digital techniques played a big role in this design. Computer programming was used to create the digital forms and optimize the material used for the dome. These elements were manufactured off-site and then later assembled at the location. This church continues the trend of modernizing traditional worship spaces to elevate their form and the experience within.


2015：Knarvik社区教堂
Reiulf Ramstad Arkitekter | 挪威 Knarvik
大众选择 2015 年 A+ 奖，宗教建筑和纪念馆

2015: Community Church Knarvik
Reiulf Ramstad Arkitekter | Knarvik, Norway
Popular Choice, 2015 A+Awards, Religious Buildings & Memorials




Images by Hundven-Clements Photography

这座社区教堂位于山坡上，是当地的地标。尖顶、圣殿和小教堂由反映挪威血统的天然材料的大胆的几何形状定义。外墙覆盖着预风化的松木，内部则采用其较轻的覆层。建筑内部神圣功能与使用层内的行政功能是分开的。这些楼层由内部教堂广场和中庭楼梯连接。

与之前的项目相似，这座教堂的设计包括了锐利的几何形状和最少的装饰。 但在这里人们可以看到更多的开窗让光线进入。 这是通过设计与墙壁上的木镶板融为一体的狭窄窗户来完成的。

This community church is located on the hillside and acts as a landmark for the local area. The spire, sanctuary and chapel are defined by bold geometric forms in natural materials that reflect its Norwegian origins. The external walls are covered with pre-weathered pine wood and the interiors are finished with a lighter variant. Inside the building, the sacred functions are separated from the administrative functions within using levels. These levels are connected by an internal church square and an atrium staircase.
Much like the previous project, the design of this church includes sharp geometries and minimal ornamentation. But here one can see more fenestrations to allow light inside. This is done by creating narrow windows that blend in with the wood paneling on the walls.


2016：狭山森林礼拜堂
中村博士&NAP | 日本 所泽
大众选择，2016 年 A+奖，宗教建筑和纪念馆

2016: Sayama Forest Chapel
Hiroshi Nakamura & NAP | Tokorozawa, Japan
Popular Choice, 2016 A+Awards, Religious Buildings & Memorials




Images by Nacasa & Partners inc.

位于日本的狭山森林礼拜堂延续了整洁而极简礼拜空间的设计趋势。受到周围森林的启发，设计向内部凹陷以避免对周围的树枝造成任何破坏。整个形态被设想为一系列相互靠置的倾斜柱子，以复刻日本传统的合掌结构。带有波纹处理表面的手工铸铝瓦覆盖了屋顶。

中村博士 & NAP 的设计旨在将自然与祈祷联系在一起。这座建筑利用了大自然的舒缓和抚育自然的触感以治愈那些深陷悲痛或需要鼓励的人。

Continuing the trend of sleek and minimal worship spaces is the Sayama Forest Chapel in Japan. Inspired by the forest that surrounds it, the design caves inward, avoiding any damage to the tree branches surrounding it. The entire form is envisioned as a series of leaning columns set against each other to recreate a traditional Japanese Gassho structure. Handcrafted cast aluminum tiles with rippled surfaces make cover its roof.
With their design, Hiroshi Nakamura & NAP aimed to tie nature and prayer together. The building draws on the soothing and nurturing touch of nature to heal those in deep grief or in need some support.


2017：南美巴哈伊圣殿
哈里里庞塔里尼建筑事务所 | 智利圣地亚哥
大众选择，2017 年 A+奖，宗教建筑和纪念馆

2017: The Bahá’í Temple of South America
Hariri Pontarini Architects | Santiago, Chile
Popular Choice, 2017 A+Awards, Religious Buildings  Memorials





花形寺庙的灵感来自多种元素：透过树木的阳光、编织的日本竹篮和破碎玻璃留下的复杂线条。 该建筑即使是静止的，看起来也像是动态的，并且看起来像是漂浮在地面上。 圆顶由葡萄牙半透明大理石和铸造玻璃板组成，并由工程钢构件网络支撑。

光线是这个设计的一个要点。 一整天天空的不同颜色落在表面上，创造出如画的场景。天黑后，内部的光线就会从“花瓣”的开口处渗出来。 这种设计适合各种信仰的人； 它是所有寻求安静空间进行冥想和沉思的人的避难所。

The flower-shaped temple is inspired by a variety of elements: sunlight filtering through trees, woven Japanese bamboo baskets and the complex lines left behind by shattered glass. The structure appears dynamic even though it is stationary and seems like it is floating over the ground. The dome is made up of Portuguese translucent marble and cast glass panels that are supported by a network of engineered steel members.
Light is a big factor in this design. Throughout the day, the different colors of the sky fall upon the surfaces to create a picturesque scene. Once it is dark, the light from within peeks out through the openings in the petals. This design accommodates people of all faiths; it is a sanctuary for all who are seeking a quiet space for meditation and contemplation.


2018：法蒂玛圣母教堂
Plano Humano 建筑事务所 | 葡萄牙 Idanha a Nova
大众选择和评审团获胜者2018 年 A+ 奖、宗教建筑和纪念馆

2018: Our Lady of Fátima Chapel
Plano Humano Arquitectos | Idanha a Nova, Portugal
Popular Choice and Jury Winner, 2018 A+Awards, Religious Buildings & Memorials





两个梯形部件帐篷状的组合在一起，形成了这种结构主导的美学。 借鉴侦察活动的经验，结构的尖顶边缘模仿了侦察兵的围巾，象征着一个对运动的承诺。 没有门或隔板使得建筑物在任何时候都对每个人开放。 屋顶还由 12 根木梁支撑，以此向 12 位使徒致敬。 这种结构使用了几根木原木用作座位。

小教堂展示了如何使用最简单的形式而不是装饰来展示宗教象征意义。 Plano Humano 建筑事务所将几种基督教的意识形态转化为与场地和建筑融为一体的简单形式。 随着时间的流逝，我们看到宗教空间正在采用更具概念性的方式来引入宗教思想，而不是把它们作为装饰元素展示在墙上。 建筑重点已经转向空间的体验，而不是使它们看起来有多么宏伟。

Two trapezoidal pieces put together in a tent-like arrangement form the dominant aesthetic of this structure. Drawing from the scouting experience, the pointed upper edge of the structure imitates a scout’s scarf and symbolizes a commitment to the movement. The lack of doors or partitions reflects the building’s openness to everyone, at all times. The roof is also supported by 12 wooden beams as a nod to the 12 Apostles. This structure is accompanied by several wooden logs arranged to act as seating.
The chapel shows how religious symbolism can be showcased using the simplest forms and no ornamentation. Plano Humano Arquitectos translated several Christian ideologies into simplistic forms that blend in with the site and the building. As the years go by, we see that spaces for faith are adopting more conceptual ways of adopting religious ideas instead of displaying them on walls as decorative elements. The focus has turned to the experience of spaces instead of how grand they appear.


2019：Bosjes教堂
Steyn 工作室 | 南非 Witzenberg
大众选择 | 2019A+奖，宗教建筑和纪念馆

2019: Bosjes Chapel
Steyn Studio | Witzenberg, South Africa
Popular Choice, 2019 A+Awards, Religious Buildings & Memorials





虽然不是多边形，但 Bosjes 教堂的设计仍然非常简约和开放。 教堂的屋顶弯曲成了“山谷”和“山峰”，就像它周围的群山一样。 屋顶的薄混凝土外壳一直延伸到地面，将结构系统融入进本身的抛物线形态。

设计的目的是创造一个将游客与周围的自然环境联系起的反射室，让他们体验到上帝的创造物。 这是通过创建一种模仿自然的形式并添加大的开口来实现的，这些开口允许视线连接到各个方向。

While not polygonal in form, the Bosjes Chapel’s design is still very minimal and open. The roof of the chapel curves into valleys and peaks, much like the mountains surrounding it. The thin concrete shells of the roof continue down to the ground to incorporate the structural system within the parabolic form itself.
Once again, the aim of the design is to create a reflecting chamber that connects visitors with the natural setting around and has them experience God’s creation. This is done by creating a form that imitates nature and also adding large openings that allow visual connectivity on all sides.


2020：Saemoonan教堂
Lee Eunseok+KOMA | 韩国首尔
评审团优胜奖，2020A+奖，宗教建筑和纪念馆

2020: Saemoonan Church
Lee Eunseok+KOMA | Seoul, South Korea
Jury Winner, 2020 A+Awards, Religious Buildings & Memorials




Images by Yoon Joon-hwan and Juneyoung Lim

Saemoonan教堂的形状就像是母亲的手臂伸向天空。不再使用尖顶，而是采用一种指向天空的弯曲形式。 这些曲线象征着上帝的爱和怜悯。 人们还可以通过这座建筑看到其他的基督教象征主义在设计中变成了更抽象的形式。

Lee Eunseok + KOMA 展示了建筑的增长趋势——对教堂信徒功能需求的意识增强，并调整传统教堂建筑以满足这些需求。 这种情绪导致建筑物可能看起来不像传统的教堂，但仍然鼓励社区和舒适感。

Saemoonan Church’s form resembles a mother’s arms reaching towards the sky. Moving away from the use of spires, the project features a curved form that turns to the sky. The curves are meant to symbolize God’s love and mercy. With the building, one can also see other Christian symbolism turned into more abstract forms within the design.
Lee Eunseok+KOMA demonstrate a growing tendency in architecture — an increased consciousness of the functional needs of churchgoers and adapting the traditional church architecture to meet these needs. This sentiment has resulted in buildings that might not look like traditional chapels but still encourage community and a sense of comfort.


2021：三亚保利浅海时光里追光礼堂
上海联创设计集团 | 中国三亚
大众选择，2021A+奖，宗教建筑和纪念馆

2021: Dysis Church of Poly Shallow Sea
Shanghai United Design Group Co., Ltd. | Sanya, China
Popular Choice, 2021 A+Awards, Religious Buildings & Memorials





教堂的形式被建筑师描述为一个贯穿天空的三角形，承载着强烈的灵性。 这个三角形的礼拜堂位于一个圆形底座的上部，底座容纳了教堂的所有行政和辅助功能。 上部的教堂结构与底部的旋转机构相连，使其全年都可以旋转面对落日。

给宗教建筑添加动态元素是一种较新的趋势。 这样消除了场地的一些物理限制，并允许这些设计适应更多管理礼拜仪式的原则和规范。

The form of the church is described by the architect as a triangle that pierces the sky and carries a strong spirituality. This triangular worship sits on top of a circular base that houses all the administrative and supporting functions of the church. The upper church structure is connected to a rotating mechanism at the base and can be turned to face the setting sun throughout the year.
Adding dynamic elements to religious buildings is a newer trend. This eliminates some of the physical constraints of sites and allows the design to accommodate more principles and norms that govern worship rituals.