Localworks事务所在乌干达用土袋建造不规则形状的教室
Localworks builds irregularly shaped classrooms with earthbags for school in Uganda

由专筑网江鹏，小R编译

Localworks事务所设计了乌干达的Mustardseed初中，教室由天然和当地的材料建造而成。

这座1146平方米的建筑位于Sentema镇，是服务于当地儿童的幼儿园和小学。

总部位于Kampala的Localworks事务所表示，建筑所用的所有材料都来自当地资源，包括用装满场地土壤的土袋建造的墙壁。

Design and build studio Localworks has created the Mustardseed Junior School in Uganda with organically shaped classrooms built from natural and locally sourced materials.
The 1,146-square-metre building, located in the town of Sentema, is used as both a kindergarten and primary school for local children.
According to Kampala-based Localworks, all materials used to construct it came from local resources, including the walls that are built from earthbags filled with soil from the site.


▲ 这座建筑物的墙是用土袋结构垒起来的
The building's walls are built from earthbag construction

在Mustardseed初中，没有两个一样的教室，这意味着学生在活动环境在不断变化。

装满泥土的袋子用来砌墙，形成了曲线形态，这也有助于创造有趣的学习环境。

Localworks事务所说：“为了以一种有趣的方式避开支撑结构，我们选择了土包来砌筑墙面的曲线。”

No two rooms at Mustardseed Junior School are the same, which means students have a changing learning environment as they progress and move from classroom to classroom.
The use of earthbags – bags filled with earth and used to create walls – gives rise to curved walls that also help to create interesting learning environments.
"The choice of earthbags for the wall led us to curves, in order to avoid buttresses in a playful manner," Localworks told Dezeen.


▲ V字形的柱子支撑着屋顶
V-shaped columns support the roof

建筑外墙没有屋顶，而是留下一个开口，让自然光线和新鲜空气进入室内空间。

Localworks从许多样品中选择完成了未喷漆的石灰土墙体的渲染，以确保色调与周围环境融合。

Localworks解释说：“我们使用了土色石灰石膏，我们做了几个样品，以达到我们想要的颜色，一些温暖的东西与环境融合在一起，同时使用了场地内的泥土。”

The external walls stop short of the roof, leaving an opening that lets in natural light and fresh air to ventilate the interior spaces.
They are finished with an unpainted lime-earth render, chosen by Localworks from a number of samples that it developed to ensure the tone blends in with the surrounding environment.
"We used earth-pigmented lime plaster for which we did several samples to get to the colour we wanted – something warm blending in with the context, using earth from the site," Localworks explained.


▲ 外墙上方的开口让新鲜空气进入教室
An opening above the exterior walls lets fresh air into the classrooms

当地的砂岩石板覆盖了外墙的下部，以保护外墙免受水的破坏。

Localworks说：“在乌干达，暴雨会给人留下深刻的印象，雨水溅到墙体下部会损坏它们。”

“不稳定的土墙对水也非常敏感。为了解决这些问题，用石头包覆低层外墙的措施是必须的。”

Locally sourced sandstone slates cover the lower sections of the exterior walls to protect them from water damage.
"Rainstorms are quite impressive in Uganda and the backsplash of the water onto the lower part of the walls can damage them," said Localworks.
"Unstabilised earth walls are also very sensitive to water. The stone cladding at the lower level was a must to solve all these issues."


▲ 砂岩石板覆盖了外墙的底部
Sandstone slates cover the bottom portions of the exterior walls

屋顶的结构由桉树制成，为了给学校的建设让路，基地上的桉树被砍了。

这个屋顶结构由V字形柱和隔墙支撑，包括三种不同长度的剪刀桁架，在悬挑处形成变化，为户外学习空间提供遮蔽。

屋顶结构上狭窄的开口使得自然光线被过滤进教室，而它的底部由当地工匠制作的编织垫子收口完成。

The roof's structure is made from eucalyptus trees that were cut down from the site to make way for the school's construction.
Supported by V-shaped columns and partition walls, this roof structure comprises scissor trusses of three different lengths to create variations in the overhangs that shelter the outdoor learning spaces.
Narrow openings in the roof structure filter natural light into the classrooms, while its underside is finished with woven mats made by local craftspeople.


▲ 屋顶的底部铺设了编织材料
A woven material lines the underside of the roof

Localworks将Mustardseed初中设计成一个“大房子”，目的是让学生在学习环境中感到舒适。

整个项目使用了暖色调和自然材料，百叶窗和家具上点缀着明亮的色彩。

Localworks说：“建筑的目标不是程序化的规范，而是鼓励教师和学生以多种创造性的方式使用空间，真正地打破固有思维，把整个学校，而不仅仅是教室，作为一个更大的学习环境。”

每个教室都有一个指定的户外学习空间，使用者可进入景观中的蜿蜒小径，这与室内教室的有机形状相呼应。

Localworks designed Mustardseed Junior School as a "large home" with the intention of making students comfortable in their learning environment.
Warm tones and natural materials were used throughout the project, punctuated with pops of bright colours on window shutters and furniture.
"The architectural ambition is not programmatically prescriptive, but rather to inspire teachers and students alike to inhabit spaces in multiple and creative ways, to literally think outside the box and to treat the entire school, not just the classroom, as a greater learning environment," said Localworks.
Each classroom has a designated outdoor learning space and access to winding paths in the landscape that echo the organic shapes of the interior classrooms.


▲ 百叶窗被漆成鲜艳的颜色
Window shutters were painted bright colours

Localworks的景观设计也注重保护农业和土壤更新，旨在丰富自然环境，帮助促进生物多样性。

学校的地基不是混凝土，而是用砂岩块建造的，这些砂岩块来自距离场地不到两公里的采石场。

结构板被磨碎，露出天然石材骨料，作为最后的地板饰面。

Localworks' landscape design also focuses on conservation agriculture and soil regeneration with the aim of enriching the natural environment and helping to boost biodiversity.
Instead of concrete, the school's foundations are built from packed sandstone blocks sourced from a quarry less than two kilometres from the site.
The structural slab was ground down to expose the natural stone aggregate and left as the final floor finish.


▲ 当地工作室在景观设计中融入了蜿蜒的路径
Localworks designed curved paths in the landscaping

定制的家具已经融入到Mustardseed初中，包括内置的长凳和架子、黑板、轻型桌椅。

Localworks说：“每个教室都有一组子空间，可以提供多种活动，比如一个木材平台，可以用作小图书馆、自学角，甚至可以用作小型剧场展示。”

工作室继续说道：“自从学校开始使用以来，老师们都非常有创意，大多使用天花板下的空间来悬挂孩子们的艺术作品，室外空间也用粉笔直接在墙上写课程来进行装饰。”

Mustardseed初级中学的设计方案入围了2022年Dezeen奖的可持续建筑类别，与它一起入围的还有由当地材料建造的卢旺达社区中心和漂浮在鹿特丹海港上的off-grid办公楼。

图片：Will Boase Photography

Bespoke furniture has been integrated into Mustardseed Junior School, including built-in benches and shelves, blackboards, and lightweight tables and chairs.
"Each classroom is given a set of sub-spaces to offer multiple activities, like a timber platform that can be used as a small library, a self-learning corner or even small theatre presentations," said Localworks.
"Since the school is being used, teachers have been very creative, mostly using the ceiling volume to hang art pieces from the kids, and the outdoor spaces also have been decorated with lessons written directly on the walls using chalk," the studio continued.
Mustardseed Junior School has been shortlisted in the sustainable building category of Dezeen Awards 2022, alongside a community centre in Rwanda made from local materials and an off-grid office building that floats on a harbour in Rotterdam.
The photography is by Will Boase Photography.