萨拉姆心脏外科手术中心，喀土穆，苏丹
转载自site.douban.com，首发于2013-11-18
建筑设计：Tamassociati工作室
项目信息：Credits and Data
客户：Emergency NGO
建成时间: 2010
设计时间：Design: 2004－2008
场地规模：14000㎡
摄影：AKAA/Cemal Emden
萨拉姆心脏外科手术中心由一所拥有63个床位和300名当地员工的医院和一个独立的医务人员居住综合体组成。建筑以坐落在花园中的凉亭作为设计构思，两座主建筑则围绕在大面积的庭院周围布置。医院大楼以最先进的技术标准建成，功能复杂，其中容纳了3个布局合理、与病理实验室和病房相连的手术室。混合模式的通风手段和自然采光的设计让所有的空间都能有亲切的尺度，并能够确保安全。建筑师们在见到工人利用废弃的集装箱来运送建造萨拉姆心脏外科手术中心的材料之后受到启发，决定对这些集装箱进行再利用，来建造员工住宅。宿舍楼由90个高约6m（20英尺）的集装箱组成，每一套单元都包含1.5个集装箱，单元内设有浴室和一个面对花园的小阳台。咖啡厅及其他服务设施则使用了7个高约12m（40英尺）的集装箱。绝缘体系由一套“洋葱系统”实现，其中包含了5cm厚的室内绝缘板，以及由通风的金属屋顶和竹制的百叶窗构成的外表皮。太阳能板丛为热水系统提供能源。这座设计紧凑、一流水准的医院影响巨大，为众多患者提供服务，他们不仅来自苏丹及其邻国，还有其他23个国家。除此以外，这里还为医务人员提供培训，最重要的是，它作为一个榜样和已实现的理想也鼓舞和推动了许多其他非洲国家进一步建立更多优秀的医疗中心。
评语
“萨拉姆心脏外科手术中心拓展了所有相关者的视野和战后恢复能力，使他们在一个饱受战火和内部冲突摧毁、像水和卫生这样的基本需求也无法得到满足的国家，建立起了社会健康服务机构负责任、高效率和鼓舞人心的楷模形象。”
“这座‘自建成’的项目与周围的自然环境有密切的联系，形成了清晰而具有治疗效果的环境，并且也为所有人提供了免费的健康基本人权。这个项目遵循自下而上的设计过程，通过创造性地把所有本土的、政治的、社会的、拓扑形式的和美学方面的具体问题组织在一起解决，项目构思在没有牺牲卓越品质与完善功能的同时，得以顺利地推进。这座设计紧凑、品质一流的医院不仅是当地示范性的案例，也是医疗建筑领域中的佼佼者。”
评论
孔宇航：在地域性与当代性之间
路易斯•康设计的核心价值在于用古典的方式诠释时代的精神，同样，在该中心我们亦能领悟到设计者运用当代的方式阐述地域之魂。这是一个“杂交”建筑。在当代空间与传统意境、在理性操作与自然体现、在钢结构与地方竹材之间，不断地穿越，从而创造了一个具有浓郁地域特征的当代建筑。建筑师巧妙地运用了材料的编织所产生的光影来化解“似乎很生硬”的材料组合。该建筑并非是笔者特别钟爱的类型，然而它在地域性与当代性之间进行了很有意义的尝试。
郝琳：圣手回春
记得阿奖1980年代的召集人哈桑—乌丁•汗时任伯克利CED的讲席教授是句句不离“认同”。这座医疗中心和认同到底有何关系？没错，传统的院落空间、院中的热带树木、高耸的招风斗、藤条遮阳、浓重的色彩，都是对当地风貌的认同；大规模的集装箱回收利用也是适宜的环保和经济考量。但着实令我惊讶的是，这座中心竟然在为比中国更大的地理区域里的3亿众生提供着唯一此类的免费医疗服务。乍看，比之本次提名的大多数作品，中心在建筑性上确实显得平淡，但工程却超越了种族、宗教和文化这类层面的认同，而成就了济世价值的真设计。阿拉伯语的“Salam”有和平之意，对于这个深受战乱之苦的国度来说，地雷遍布，大地贫瘠。建筑和团队所做到的，虽说在功用上是一所小医院，但却是疗治苏丹大地间人类心灵深处的创伤和民间疾苦的妙手回春。我想，对于建筑已经远离现实的今天，这样的工作确是实至名归。
Site Plan 总平面
Section/Elevation 剖面/立面
Circulation Diagram 循环示意
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Salam Centre for Cardiac Surgery, Khartoum, Sudan, 2010
Architects: Studio Tamassociati
projects information：Credits and Data
Client: Emergency NGO
Completed: 2010
Design: 2004－2008
Site Size: 14000m2
Photographer: AKAA/Cemal Emden
The Salam Centre for Cardiac Surgery consists of a hospital with 63 beds and 300 local staff, and a separate Medical Staff Accommodation Compound sleeping 150 people. The Centre is built as a pavilion in a garden with both primary buildings organised around large courtyards. The hospital block is of the highest technical standard with complex functions including three operating theatres optimally placed in relation to the diagnostic laboratories and ward. Mixed modes of ventilation and natural light enable all spaces to be homely and intimate yet secure. Seeing the abandoned containers that had been used to transport construction materials for the Salam Centre for Cardiac Surgery, the architects were inspired to reuse them to house the Centre's staff. Ninety 20-foot containers form the accommodation block, within which each unit consists of 1.5 containers, with a bathroom and small veranda facing the garden. Seven 40-foot containers house a cafeteria and services. Insulation is provided by an interior 'onion system' of 5-centimetre insulating panels and, at the exterior, an outer skin including a ventilated metal roof and bamboo blinds. A solar farm powers the water-heating system. The compact state-of-the-art hospital has had a tremendous impact, treating significant numbers of patients not only from Sudan and its neighbours, but from a good 23 other countries as well. People come to train here and, most importantly, its example and vision have encouraged the establishment of further medical centres of excellence in other African countries.
Jury Citation
"The Salam Centre for Cardiac Surgery champions the vision and resilience of all involved in delivering a responsible, efficient and inspiring model of health services in a society marred by war, internal conflict and lack of basic needs like water and sanitation."
"Intimately linked to surrounding nature, the 'self-build' project facilitates an environment of clarity and healing, while providing the fundamental human right of health, free of charge to all. Following a bottom-up design process, this complex project evolved successfully by creatively engaging all its local, political, social, topographical and aesthetic specificities without sacrificing its vision for excellence and function. The compact state-of-the-art hospital also provides an exemplary prototype for the region as well as for the field. "
Comments
KONG Yuhang: Between Regionality and Modernity
The core value of Louis Kahn's design lies in the interpretation of the spirit of modernity in classical manner. In this project we can comprehend from the center, that the architect presents the regional value in a contemporary manner. This is a hybrid architecture. Between contemporary space and local concept, rational operation and natural expression, the steel and bamboo, its constant crossover thereby creates a strong contemporary building with regional characteristic. The architect uses the weaving of materials intelligently, producing light and shadow, in order to resolve the "stiff" material combinations. The building is not the one I particularly like, but it seems to be a meaningful attempt between the regionality and modernity.
HAO Lin: House of Healing
The convenor of the Aga Khan Award for Architecture in the 1980s was Hasan-Uddin Khan, who was a visiting professor at CED U.C. Berkeley. I remembered his lectures commonly focused on the concept of "identity". My question is, how is this Surgery Center related to "identity"? Indeed, traditional courtyard space, tropical plants in the yard, wind catcher, shaded rattan, and bright color represent the identity of the local landscape; and utilizing large amounts of recyclable containers responds to environmental protection and economical aspects. But what really surprises me about the project is that this Surgery Center is actually the only free medical service of its kind for 300 million people in a geographical area that is larger than China. At first glance, the architectural design of this surgery center is relatively simple compared to most of this year's nominated projects, however, this building rises beyond identities of race, religion and culture levels, and realizes a real design that can help humankind. "Salam" in the Arabic language means peace. For a country that is deeply suffering from war, a country where mines are randomly scatted about and the land is barren, although architects and the team only have built a small but functional hospital, the building actually can represent the beginning of a rejuvenation that will cure the trauma of human soul and people's suffering in the land of Sudan. I believe, at the time when most architecture lies far away from reality, such work deserves an award.
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*特别鸣谢《wa世界建筑》，稿件版权及翻译版权归世界建筑所有，转载请注明出处* |
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