Raven's Home at the Tower of London

由专筑网丁思源，杨帆编译

Llowarch Llowarch建筑事务所最近完成了一个新项目——为英国伦敦塔里充满传奇色彩的乌鸦们设计了一个新家。塔内有500平方英尺的面积，鸟儿栖息在一个草坡的边缘，实木的结构看起来显得高贵并且贴近乌鸦的生活习惯。同时为游客提供了一个完美的契机来近距离接触乌鸦——这个塔中最受欢迎的景观。

Llowarch Llowarch Architects has completed a new enclosure for the legendary Ravens at HM Tower of London. Perched on the edge of a grassy slope, in the Tower’s inner most ward, the new 500 sq. ft. timber structure is an elegant and appropriate new home for the birds, and an excellent opportunity for visitors to get up close to the ravens which are one of the Tower’s most popular attractions.

© Jack Hobhouse

乌鸦以前的住所因使用寿命到达而废弃了。历史的皇家宫殿——一家独立的维护伦敦塔的慈善机构委托建筑师Llowarch Llowarch来设计一个新的住所来解决这个公共问题，并为动物的生活带来更多的改善和舒适。为这些乌鸦提供一个安全而舒适的栖息地也是关乎国家的要事——传说乌鸦如果离开了伦敦塔，英国将会衰败。

The ravens’ former accommodation had reached the end of its serviceable life. Historic Royal Palaces, the independent charity that cares for the Tower, commissioned architects Llowarch Llowarch to create a new enclosure that would address the public, and bring improvements to the animals’ welfare and comfort. Providing the birds with a safe and comfortable habitat is also of national importance as legend tells that the Kingdom will fall if the ravens ever leave the Tower.

© Jack Hobhouse

Llowarch说：“乌鸦是非常聪明的鸟类。我认为它们应该在塔内没有束缚地生活而不是被关在鸟笼中。鸟舍的开口与后面的伦敦塔相连通，可以让乌鸦自在地飞来飞去。到了晚上，可以将开口关上以保证乌鸦的安全。

Nicola Llowarch says “Ravens are highly intelligent birds. Unlike an aviary, the birds have free rein of the Tower during the day. Openings in the rear of the new enclosures allow the ravens free access to come and go. At night these are closed for the ravens’ own protection.  

© Jack Hobhouse

考虑到乌鸦的欢迎度，所以乌鸦需要非常显眼。因此，乌鸦要在历史遗迹前凸显，前提便是要使得围护结构保持一定透明性。

Given their status as a top attraction, the ravens also needed to be highly visible. An important premise was that the birds should be seen against the backdrop of the historic setting, hence maintaining transparency through the enclosure was important.

© Jack Hobhouse

新的围栏需要小心布置，其处于联合国教科文组织的世界遗产地，有古老的纪念碑以及被列入一等的遗产结构。我们与乌鸦喂养师、英国伦敦塔管理方和动物管理局、鸟类馆和伦敦动物园的专家密切合作。这是一段很有意思的经历。我现在知道乌鸦有很多不同的种类以及它们各自的生活习惯和特性——其中一种乌鸦喜欢装死，真是让我吃了一惊！

The new enclosures also had to be sensitive and appropriate to the setting - a UNESCO World Heritage Site, Scheduled Ancient Monument, and Grade I listed structures. We worked closely with the Ravenmaster, HM Tower of London, and with specialist input from the Zoological Manager and Curator of Birds, ZSL London Zoo. It’s been fascinating. I now know some of the ravens by name, and their different habits and personalities – there is one that likes to play dead which is a little alarming!

© Jack Hobhouse

© Jack Hobhouse

整个围栏由一系列橡木作为支撑结构一直延伸至草坡。橡木搭成乌鸦睡觉的小盒子。中间的开放空间由超细的不锈钢网罩了起来，为乌鸦提供了安全的自由活动区域。当从前面看过来时，简洁精致的木结构使得乌鸦面对标志性的白塔也能脱颖而出。开放区域边缘大型的滑动屏也保持了高透性，使得视线不会受阻。

The completed enclosure comprises a series of oak slatted structures running perpendicular to the grass slope. The oak structures contain the ravens' sleeping boxes. The open spaces between are covered by ultra-fine stainless steel mesh creating four secure recreation areas for the birds. When viewed from the front, the simple but highly crafted wood structures frame the birds in their setting, presenting them against the backdrop of the iconic White Tower. Large sliding screens to the rear provide access to the open sections of the enclosures whilst maintaining transparency through.

© Jack Hobhouse

“有节制的细部”是Llowarch Llowarch的关键之处。围栏的设计通过一系列不同比例的模型推敲，反复简化细部以对历史遗留建筑物的结构影响降到最低。竖向排列的橡木格栅营造出一种半透明的效果，以衬托石头的边界，同时使得规模和结构更加具有亲和力。有节制的使用橡木和不锈钢网使得围栏敏感精确地回应了这个世界遗迹。

design evolved through a series of models at various scales, an intentional process of repeated studies of simplification and refinement aiming to minimise the impact of the structure in this historic setting. Vertical oak slats bring an implied translucency in contrast to the stone boundary, as well as bringing an intimacy of scale and texture. A restrained palette of oak and stainless steel netting makes the enclosure a sensitive and appropriate addition to the World Heritage Site.

© Jack Hobhouse

建筑师在材料选择上参考了伦敦塔使用过的历史材料。木结构被认为是遍布场地的材料——在十三世纪白塔所在之处还没有被皇家住所侵占并扩张时。乌鸦围栏在设计时充分展示了材料的先天特性，建筑师们与工匠密切配合，在生产车间共同施工设计而非走传统的审批施工图那一套流程。

The architect’s selection of materials references their historic use at the Tower. Timber structures are believed to have occupied the site before the expansion of the Royal Lodgings beyond the White Tower in the thirteenth century. The Raven Enclosure was designed to exaggerate the innate qualities of each material and the architects worked very closely with the craftsmen in a collaborative process of making and approval which involved regular visits to the manufactures workshop rather than the traditional, more distant process of reviewing and approving shop drawings.

© Jack Hobhouse

与简洁一致，一个崭新的木平台提供更大的空间来满足学术交流。屋顶平台同样也是一个重要的高地，因为在城墙和塔中行走很容易就可以看到围栏。鸟舍的高度与周围的草地形成统一的整体。

In line with the brief, a new timber deck provides space for expanded programme of educational talks and workshops. The roof is also an important elevation as the enclosure is highly visible from the Wall Walk and White Tower steps. Contextually its height continues in line with the plateau of the lawn over the Ravens Shop adjacent.

© Jack Hobhouse

HRR把这些工作列入伦敦塔游客体验改进的持续计划之中。塔中的乌鸦一直以来就是吸引游客的主要景点。

HRP commissioned the works as part of an on-going programme of improvements to the visitor experience at HM Tower of London where the Tower Ravens are one of a number of prime attractions for visitors to the Tower.

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Floor Plan/楼层平面图

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建筑设计： Llowarch Llowarch Architects
地点：英国伦敦，圣凯瑟琳街和沃平街，伦敦塔
面积：500平方英尺
项目年份：2015年
摄影： Edmund Sumner, Jack Hobhouse
结构工程师：Hockley & Dawson
项目经理/成本顾问：Historic Royal Palaces ('in-house’ Quantity Surveyor)
承包商：Ward & Co.

Architects: Llowarch Llowarch Architects
Location: Tower of London, St Katharine's & Wapping, London EC3N 4AB, UK
Area: 500.0 ft2
Project Year: 2015
Photographs: Edmund Sumner, Jack Hobhouse
Structural Engineer: Hockley & Dawson
Project Manager / Cost Consultant: Historic Royal Palaces ('in-house’ Quantity Surveyor)
Contractor: Ward & Co.

出处：本文译自www.archdaily.com/，转载请注明出处。