In Detail: Warroad U.S. Land Port of Entry

由专筑网雷君，刘庆新编译

这篇文章介绍的是2014年AIA十大绿色项目的具体部分，确定设计挑战和今年的创新获奖者。

在湿软的沼泽上建立一个永久性的架构不是一件简单的事，更别说建立一个安全的美国边境站。“从概念上讲，我们建立了一个岛屿，漂浮在这片湿地沼泽上，”该项目设计理念的创建者Matt Kreilich和Snow Kreilich事务所合作，选址是美国新的陆路口岸附近加拿大沃罗德边境19英亩的土地。

该项目坐落于1500平方英里的森林和众多湖泊旁的自然保护区，对于湿地生态系统需要一个强大的计划和严格的安全要求。互连车道和结构比例需要较大的转弯半径的卡车和拖车进行操纵、检查，有时也会被扣留在边境。这条路都是通过工程技术填垫的，填充层大约4到5英尺深，透水覆盖，溶解到富含碳的沼泽中。

更复杂的岩土工程特征是支撑三链接结构的T形装置，办公室、游客中心、车辆检查、射击范围。建筑的第一层外立面覆盖有雪松木材，支撑架构由钢筋混凝土建成。这种结构的平台，跨越了网格的桩帽，转移到40至50英尺深的淤泥里。每个钢管混凝土桩，有9英寸的直径，负载能力为60吨，Murphy说，项目的结构工程师Meyer是设计主力。钢管不在基岩上，而是使用沿轴摩擦的力量，来获得阻力。水电管线线固定在刚性结构楼板和梁柱的底面，“这样才能连接在一起，”Kreilich说。

Continuing our coverage of the 2014 AIA COTE Top Ten green projects, this article is part of a series of 10 pieces that examine a specific, defining design challenge or innovation of each of this year's winners.
A squishy bog is not an easy place to build a permanent structure, let alone a secure U.S. border station. “Conceptually, you could say we built an island floating upon this wetland bog,” says Matt Kreilich, AIA, design principal and partner of Snow Kreilich Architects, referring to the 19-acre site of the new U.S. Land Port of Entry on the Canadian border near Warroad, Minn.
Sited near the 1,500-square-mile Lake of the Woods and a slew of nature preserves, the project respects the sensitive wetlands ecosystem while accommodating a sprawling program and tight security requirements. The interconnecting driveways and structures are proportioned to handle the large turning radii of trucks and trailers that must be maneuvered, inspected, and sometimes detained at the border. All this pavement rests upon a mat of engineered fill. The fill layer, roughly 4 to 5 feet deep, overlays a permeable geotextiles fabric that keeps that fill from dissolving into the carbon-rich swamp.
Even more elaborate geotechnical engineering features underpin the three linked structures of the T-shaped facility, containing offices, visitor’s center, vehicle inspections, a firing range, and holding cells. The buildings, clad with a rainscreen of sustainably harvested cedar, stand atop a continuous-grade beam of steel-reinforced concrete. This structural platform, in turn, spans a grid of pile caps, which transfer the load to several hundred steel pipe piles driven 40 to 50 feet deep into the muck. Each concrete-filled pile, 9? inches in diameter, was hammered down until it met a load capacity of 60 tons, says Daniel Murphy, principal at Meyer Borgman Johnson, the project’s structural engineer. The piles do not rest upon bedrock, but instead use the force of friction along their shaft to obtain the specified resistance. Utility lines are then fixed to the underside of the rigid structural slab and grade beams, “so that they all move together,” says Kreilich.


Paul Crosby

表层使用从矿场中开采的大块石头铺路，在建筑物周围形成一个体现水文学的车辆停靠场地。石头间的距离适合种植树木，并且能过滤雨水径流。这些石头四周是落叶松和白桦树木，有助于减弱狂风袭击的破坏力，这只是Coen + Partners设计的景观一部分。原生草原和雨水径流的处理都很得当，湿草甸生态系统恢复到原来属于私人业主时期的状况。

原来，恢复湿地也是为了保护这片土地。如此艰巨的地形对于建立标准的10英尺高的铁丝网来包围美国大部分陆地入境口岸是很难实现的。相反，工作人员能享受从玻璃办公区到平面景观的全景，同时也为他们提高了工作质量。因此Snow kreilich也考虑到阻挡室外吹来冬天的风，三层楼都建立连续的雨水储存和太阳伞体系。

Back on the surface, large stone pavers, quarried in-state, are laid around the buildings to form a hydrology-sensitive vehicle barrier. The spaces between the stones are perfect for planting native sedum and filtering storm runoff. These stone and sedum beds, surrounded by rows of larch and birch trees that help break the wind, are only part of a site-encompassing landscape design by Coen + Partners. Native prairie grasses and water filtration ponds slow and treat stormwater runoff. This wet meadow ecosystem was restored to land that formerly belonged to private owners.
As it turns out, restoring the wetlands was also good for security. The difficult terrain made it unnecessary to erect the standard 10-foot-high chain-link fence topped with barbed wire that encloses most U.S. land ports of entry. Instead, officers enjoy panoramic views of the flat landscape from the glazed office area, which is designed for their quality of life as well as their surveillance duties. Snow Kreilich also considered officers’ comfort in orienting the building so as to shield the outdoor inspection areas from the winter wind, and in running a continuous rain and sun canopy across all three buildings.

出处：本文译自www.ecobuildingpulse.com/，转载请注明出处。