Marlon Blackwell and Field Operations revitalise massive Shelby Farms Park in Memphis

由专筑网缕夕，李韧编译

美国Marlon Blackwell Architects事务所和James Corner Field Operations事务所对田纳西州的一个大型公园进行了翻新，这座公园曾经是囚犯工作的农场。

Shelby农场公园位于孟菲斯东部边缘，占地4500英亩（1821公顷），是美国最大的城市公园之一。这里曾经是一座刑事服役的农场，于20世纪70年代改造为公共公园。2007年举办了一次国际比赛，为公园制定全新的总体规划。

American firms Marlon Blackwell Architects and James Corner Field Operations have renovated a vast park in Tennessee that once served as a farm where prisoners worked.
Located on the eastern edge of Memphis, Shelby Farms Park encompasses 4,500 acres (1,821 hectares), making it one of the largest urban parks in the US. Once a penal farm, the site became a public park in the 1970s. An international competition was held in 2007 to create a new masterplan for the sprawling green space.



纽约James Corner Field Operations景观事务所和总部位于阿肯色州的Marlon Blackwell Architects事务所在竞赛中脱颖而出，获奖方案注重提升公园的特色，强调生态栖息地，改善交通流线与空间连通性。分期设计能确保公园的长期生存能力，并促进该地区社会、经济和环境健康的发展。

“Shelby农场公园是一座21世纪的城市公园，通过娱乐、文化和社区，在城市和社区范围内提高居民的生活质量。”设计师说。

The winning scheme by New York landscape architects James Corner Field Operations and Arkansas-based architecture studio Marlon Blackwell Architects set out to boost the park's identity, to revitalise ecological habitats, and to improve circulation and connectivity. The multi-phase plan aims to ensure the park's long-term viability and to strengthen its role as a contributor to the area's social, economic and environmental health.
"Shelby Farms Park is a 21st-century urban park that improves residents' quality of life through access to recreation, culture and community – on both the city and regional scale," the team said.



对于景观设计，James Corner Field Operations构思了“一座公园/一百万棵树/十二种景观”的总体概念。设计团队构思了全新的入口与周围社区的连接关系。

在公园内，设计师进行了全新的绿植和土方工程设计，同时改善循环流线。此外，现有的Hyde湖的面积从50英亩扩大到80英亩（20至32公顷）。

For the landscape design, James Corner Field Operations conceived the overarching concept of "One Park/One Million Trees/Twelve Landscapes". The team has envisioned new entrances and new connections to surrounding neighbourhoods.
Within the park, the plan called for new plantings and earthworks, along with improved circulation. Moreover, the existing Hyde Lake was expanded from 50 to 80 acres (20 to 32 hectares).
 


“整个项目是一个整体，设计的目的是让人们能在这里更好地亲近与享受自然与田园，波光粼粼的湖面宛如大碗里的一瓢水，柔和起伏的地形隐藏在草地之间。”设计师说。

"As a whole, the design aims to make the place feel even more natural and bucolic, a shimmering lake the centrepiece in a large nested bowl, with softly undulating topography supporting groves of trees set amidst meadows and lawns," the team said.



该项目围绕湖泊组织建造许多建筑物，它们统称为“公园之心”。他们的设计从当地传统风格中汲取灵感。

设计师说：“借鉴诸如门廊、农业棚屋等当地的建筑，从而在新建筑中形成共享空间。”

游客中心是游客最先抵达的区域，也是整座公园的“神经中枢”。 建筑占地7965平方英尺（740平方米），其中包括迎宾区、礼品店和行政管理区。

这条直线型建筑采用了铝条栅栏，有着巨大的悬垂，形成俯瞰湖面的灰空间门廊，巨大的空间投影帮助游客去除闷热、保持凉爽。主入口部分采用当地的柏树，让建筑的外观给人一种温暖的感觉。

The project has also entailed the creation of numerous buildings – collectively called the Heart of the Park – which are organised around the lake. Their designs take cues from local typologies and traditions.
"Drawing upon the local vernacular – porches, dogtrots, agricultural sheds – the buildings establish an ensemble of figures with a shared material palette," the team said.
A visitor centre serves as the point of arrival for visitors, and acts as "the nerve centre" for the entire park. Encompassing 7,965 square feet (740 square metres), the centre contains a welcome area, gift shop and administrative functions.
Clad in aluminium bar grating, the rectilinear building has a large overhang that forms a covered porch overlooking the lake, where massive fans help keep visitors cool. The front entrance is partially wrapped in locally sourced, second-growth cypress, which adds warmth to the building's appearance.



“从远处看，建筑优雅而有节奏，落落大方，在自然与人造之间产生物质色彩。”设计师表示。

公园内最大的建筑，即餐厅和活动中心，总面积为20674平方英尺（1921平方米）。设计团队将建筑大面积悬挑，其阴影区成为户外休息座位。建筑材料混合使用了金属、玻璃、木材和石材。

"Elegant and rhythmic from a distance, a generosity is revealed in person, with a material palette born of the intersection between the natural and the industrial," the team said.
The largest structure in the park – containing a restaurant and event centre – totals 20,674 square feet (1,921 square metres). The team carved away a portion of the ground level to form a massive shaded area for outdoor seating. The material palette includes a mix of metal, glass, wood and stone.



“当建筑与景观成为一体时，它呈现低沉且蔓延的姿态，石头基座与建筑融合，而屋顶呈现空灵感，让两翼相得益彰。”设计师说。

公园内的其他新建筑包括有壳形演奏台、船库、洗手间和几座湖畔凉亭。公园项目尚未完全建成，未来还需要种植更多的植物，同时进行其他改进。

"Slung low and spreading as it becomes one with the landscape, the stone base provides a permanence that complements the ethereal, protective wing of the roof," the team said.
Other new structures in the park include a bandshell, a boathouse, a restroom shelter and several lakeside pavilions. The park project is not fully complete, with future phases calling for additional trees and other improvements.
 


“该项目的规模和蓝图可能需要一代人才能得到充分落实。”设计团队表示，“然而，现在即使处于起步阶段，但是翻新的景观和相关产品也让孟菲斯城市空间更加丰富，为不同的人口提供宝贵的资源。”

美国景观建筑师协会（American Society of Landscape Architects）在九月初宣布了其在美国的全新顶级景观建筑项目，其中包括蒙大拿州的艺术中心和芝加哥河滨步道。

在Dezeen近期的一篇评论文章中，Charles A Birnbaum表示，景观设计专业慢慢得到更多人的认可，同时他们也会继续努力发展该领域。

摄影： Timothy Hursley

"The scale and ambition of the project will likely take a generation to be fully appreciated," said the team. "However, now even in its infancy, the renewed landscape and augmented offerings enrich the City of Memphis, providing an invaluable resource to a diverse population."
The American Society of Landscape Architects announced its top new landscape architecture projects in the US earlier this month, including a remote art centre in Montana and the bustling Chicago Riverwalk.
In a recent Opinion article for Dezeen, Charles A Birnbaum said the profession is slowly gaining the recognition it deserves, but urged members to continue flying their own flag.
Photography is by Timothy Hursley.





















































项目信息：
建筑事务所：Marlon Blackwell Architects
建筑设计团队：Marlon Blackwell, Meryati Johari Blackwell, Jonathan Boelkins, David Jaehning, Kertis Weatherby, William Burks, Stephen Reyenga, Justin Hershberger, Bradford Payne, Stephen Kesel, Spencer Curtis
景观设计：James Corner Field Operations
景观设计团队：James Corner, Richard Kennedy, Tsutomu Bessho, Sarah Astheimer, Christopher Marcinkoski, Maura Rockcastle, Lisa Tziona Switkin, Hong Zhou, Megan Born, Kim Cooper, Sanjukta Sen, Baewon Suh, Doug Meehan, Donghyouk Ahn
业主：Shelby Farms Park Conservancy
测绘结构工程：Engineering Consultants
结构设计工程：Guy Nordenson & Associates
机电管道工程：Haltom Engineering
电气工程：Canup Engineering
土木工程：Pickering Firm Inc.
建筑照明：Renfro Design Group
室内设计（餐厅和咖啡厅）：Semple Brown
家具：Fleming Architects
总承包商：Montgomery Martin Contractors

Project credits:
Architect: Marlon Blackwell Architects
Architect team: Marlon Blackwell, Meryati Johari Blackwell, Jonathan Boelkins, David Jaehning, Kertis Weatherby, William Burks, Stephen Reyenga, Justin Hershberger, Bradford Payne, Stephen Kesel, Spencer Curtis
Landscape architect: James Corner Field Operations
Landscape architect team: James Corner, Richard Kennedy, Tsutomu Bessho, Sarah Astheimer, Christopher Marcinkoski, Maura Rockcastle, Lisa Tziona Switkin, Hong Zhou, Megan Born, Kim Cooper, Sanjukta Sen, Baewon Suh, Doug Meehan, Donghyouk Ahn
Owner: Shelby Farms Park Conservancy
Structural engineer of record: Engineering Consultants
Structural engineer concept design: Guy Nordenson & Associates
Mechanical, plumbing engineer: Haltom Engineering
Electrical engineer: Canup Engineering
Civil engineering: Pickering Firm Inc.
Architectural lighting: Renfro Design Group
Interior design (restaurant and cafe): Semple Brown
Furnishings: Fleming Architects
General contractor: Montgomery Martin Contractors