马德里Life Reusing Posidonia住宅
Life Reusing Posidonia / IBAVI
由专筑网王沛儒，李韧编译
来自建筑事务所的描述。Life Reusing Posidonia项目由欧洲生命和自然保护项目资助，它可以根据气候变化来适应生存。
Text description provided by the architects. Life Reusing Posidonia is a Climate Change Adaptation Project financed by the European LIFE + program for nature conservation projects.
它的主要目标是改善现有住宅的居住条件，通过向监管机构和公共机构提供对比数据，来减少资源消耗，增加人们在这里的生活环境舒适度。这些数据来源于巴利阿里社会住房协会（IBAVI），研究人员对14套公共社会出租住房的原型建筑进行了评估而得出的数据，这些研究人员有的来自巴利阿里群岛大学。这份数据文档面向开放，可以在www.reusingposidonia.com网站上免费查找。
The main objective is to improve habitability conditions in dwellings and provide regulators and public bodies with contrasted data to decrease the consumption of resources and to grow in comfort. The data has been obtained by evaluating a prototype building of 14 public social dwellings on a rental basis promoted by the Balearic Social Housing Institute (IBAVI) and its comfort has been monitored with the collaboration of the University of the Balearic Islands (UIB). The documentation is open source and freely available on the web www.reusingposidonia.com.
这个项目将遗产、建筑和气候变化联系起来，目的是在当代可持续解决方案研究中通过一种文化方法恢复当地资源。传统建筑成为参考对象，而非模仿形式，重要的是模拟工作方式。通过这种做法，研究者寻找到可用的本地资源，幸运的是，现在有一部分资源受到了保护，但砂岩采石场已经枯竭。因此，研究人员只能通过海路运输物资。
The project links Heritage, Architecture and Climate Change with the aim to recover the local resources as a cultural approach in the contemporary research for sustainable solutions. Traditional architecture has been a constant reference, not for its forms, but as a way of working. By doing so, we look for the available local resources: the junipers are now fortunately protected. The sandstone quarries (marès) have been depleted. Therefore, we only have what arrives by sea: Posidonia.
所以研究人员建议转变方法以应用于不同的建筑部分，“相较于投资一家位于1500公里以外的化工厂，我们可以投资同样数量的当地劳动力，他们把Posidonia晒干在阳光下，然后用手把它们压紧。海盐是一种天然的杀菌剂，对环境完全无害。”使用干燥的Posidonia作为隔热材料似乎在提醒着使用者，人们不仅生活在建筑之中，而是生活在生态系统中。
So we propose a shift in approach which has been applied to every single part of the building: “Instead of investing in a chemical plant located 1,500 km away, we could invest the same amount in local labor, who should lay out the Posidonia to dry under the sun and compact it by hand. Sea salt acts as natural biocide and is completely environmentally friendly.” The use of dry Posidonia as thermal insulation reminds us that we do not live in a house but an ecosystem.
目标
减少：
在建筑施工期间减少了63%的二氧化碳排放量
通过ITEC的TCQ程序进行计算，避免了775,354.6 kg CO2的排放。
在建筑物使用寿命范围内，减少了75%可用能源的使用。
近零能耗建筑（nZEB），每平方米排放2.8千克二氧化碳，每年每平方米最大消费15千瓦时（17226 .30千瓦时/年）。现场测量的平均热舒适性在冬天和在夏天分别是21 oC 和26oC。
耗水量减少60%
每人每天最高限制为88升。
按照租户的帐单的基础上计算平均消费。
在建造阶段减少50%的废物产生
统计生产70.36吨。
实际生产33.38吨。
Objectives
To reduce:
- 63% of CO2 emissions during the construction of the building
775,354.6 kg/CO2 have been avoided. Calculation performed through the TCQ program of ITEC.
- 75% of useful energy during the lifetime of the building.
Nearly Zero Energy Building (nZEB), with emissions of 2.8Kg CO2/m2 and maximum consumption: 15 kWh/m2/year (17,226.30 kWh/year). The average thermal comfort measured in situ is 21oC in winter and 26oC in summer.
- 60% water consumption
Maximum limit 88 l/person and day.
Average consumption based on the tenants’ bills.
- 50% waste production during the construction phase
Statistical production 70.36t.
Actual production 33.38t.
证明：
构建原型的可行性比IBAVI社会住房建筑通常价格高5%的额外成本。
To demonstrate:
The viability of constructing the prototype with an additional cost of 5% over the usual price of the IBAVI social housing buildings.
由于客厅、餐厅和厨房呈Z型布局，每个角落都布置有一间卧室。所有住宅都面向两个方向，可以交叉通风。在夏季，空间利用海风被动降温，所有窗户都有防晒功能。
All the dwellings face two directions and cross ventilation thanks to the layout of the living/dining room and kitchen in a Z shape and a bedroom at each corner. In summer, cooling is solved passively by taking advantage of sea breezes. All windows that receive solar radiation have sun protection.
为了促进落叶攀缘植物的生长，研究人员在外立面上布置了电缆。在冬季，气候控制依赖于一个90千瓦的集中生物质锅炉提供的低温散热器，同时锅炉也会产生热水。空间的组织和最终的解决方案都来源于自然材料的优势和局限性。这些自然材料更加脆弱，但这种脆弱性反而为研究人员提供了另一种设计机会。
Cables have been arranged on the façades to facilitate the growth of deciduous climbing plants. In winter, passive climate control relies on low-temperature radiators fed by a 90 kW centralized biomass boiler that also produces the hot water. The organization of spaces and formal decisions have been the result of knowing the advantages and limitations of natural materials, which are more fragile. This fragility has become a design opportunity.
建筑设计：IBAVI (Instituto Balear de la Vivienda)
地点：西班牙，马德里
项目类型：可持续发展
项目的建筑师和设计团队：Carles Oliver Barceló, Antonio Martín Procopio, Joaquín Moyá Costa, Alfonso Reina Ferragut, Maria Antònia Garcías Roig
面积：1089.0 m2
项目年份：2017年
照片摄影：José Hevia, Courtesy of IBAVI (Instituto Balear de la Vivienda)
合作方：Ma del Mar Amengual, Nus, Miquel Ramon
建筑技术：Alberto Rubido, Xim Torrebella (presupuesto/ control económico obra), José Luís Velilla Lon (dirección obra/ coordinación SS)
工程设计：Miquel R. Oliver, Esteve Font (EEI)
结构设计：Miguel R. Nevado
二氧化碳计算：Carles Oliver, Alberto Rubido, Ma Antònia Simó (IBAVI), Joana Reus (DGECC)
环境顾问：Societat Otgànica +10SCCL
建筑监测：Joan Muñoz, Bartomeu Alorda, Cristian Carmona (UIB)
Architects: IBAVI (Instituto Balear de la Vivienda)
Location: Av. Manuel Azaña, 9, 28521 Rivas-Vaciamadrid, Madrid, Spain
Category: Sustainability
Architects authors of the work: Carles Oliver Barceló, Antonio Martín Procopio, Joaquín Moyá Costa, Alfonso Reina Ferragut, Maria Antònia Garcías Roig
Area: 1089.0 m2
Project Year: 2017
Photographs: José Hevia, Courtesy of IBAVI (Instituto Balear de la Vivienda)
Collaborators: Ma del Mar Amengual, Nus, Miquel Ramon
Technical Architecture: Alberto Rubido, Xim Torrebella (presupuesto/ control económico obra), José Luís Velilla Lon (dirección obra/ coordinación SS)
Engineer: Miquel R. Oliver, Esteve Font (EEI)
Structure: Miguel R. Nevado
CO2 Calculation: Carles Oliver, Alberto Rubido, Ma Antònia Simó (IBAVI), Joana Reus (DGECC)
Environmental consulting: Societat Otgànica +10SCCL
Posidonia tests and building monitoring: Joan Muñoz, Bartomeu Alorda, Cristian Carmona (UIB)
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