岛上的鸟屋，préverenges——local事务所
localarchitecture
la maison de l’île aux oiseaux . préverenges

由专筑网亚森君，小R编译

2016 年，洛桑鸟类学俱乐部在 Préverenges拥有一座面向 Île aux Oiseaux鸟岛的小木屋，这是一个于 2001 年从湖中开垦的人工生物群落，现在被列为官方自然保护区。它的位置与Venoge天然河口相连，Venoge是一条流入日内瓦湖的河流。这是瑞士迁徙涉水者的主要停留地，主要是因为它位于Rhône山谷的轴线上的独特地理位置，来自非洲的鸟类在前往遥远的北极苔原夏季栖息地之前会在这里停留。

In 2016, the Lausanne ornithology club (COL: Cercle Ornithologique de Lausanne) acquired a small cabin facing Île aux Oiseaux (“Bird Island”) at Préverenges, an artificial biotope reclaimed from the lake in 2001 and now classified as an official nature reserve. Its location is connected to the natural estuary of the Venoge, a river that flows into Lake Geneva. This is one of the main stopping places for migratory waders in Switzerland, primarily due to its unique geographic situation in the axis of the Rhône valley. Birds arriving from Africa stop here before moving on to their distant summer quarters in the Arctic tundra.





新的“鸟岛之家”理想地位于岛屿的对面，旨在提高公众和该地区的学生对自然保护、气候和人类活动对候鸟失去中途停留地点的影响等问题的认识。


模拟建筑/结构

Ideally located opposite the island, the new Maison de l’Île aux Oiseaux (bird island house) aims to raise awareness among the public and the region’s schoolchildren of issues around nature protection, the climate and the impact of human activities on the loss of stopover sites for migratory waders.
ANALOGUE ARCHITECTURE / STRUCTURE



鸟岛屋的建筑从鸟的树枝、巢、羽毛的优雅中汲取灵感。它的结构由实心垂直板组成，没有胶水，弯曲形成一个由卵形元素组成的花边结构，暗示了巢的张力和精致。支撑屋顶的 ogival 板穿过建筑物，装饰内部天花板。在里面，游客会发现一个温暖的空间，上面覆盖着浅色的天然松木，与建筑的深色框架形成鲜明对比。

屋顶很大，有很大的屋檐，由薄交叉层压板组成，并覆盖着黑色锌覆层。薄木层的叠加使通风、开放式屋顶结构变得轻盈，营造出一种悬浮和运动的形象，屋顶形状的曲线更加突出了这种效果。屋顶的轻型形式也构成其整体形态，使得它更加契合这片古老的土地。通过这种方式，展馆与周围环境非常有机地融合在一起，不会对原有的生态系统造成干扰。

The architecture of the bird island house draws inspiration from the elegance of the bird world (twig, nest, feather). Its structure is composed of solid vertical boards, assembled without glue, that have been bent to form a lacework structure of ogival elements suggesting the tension and delicacy of a nest. The ogival boards that support the roof run across the building, ornamenting the internal ceiling. Inside, visitors find a basic, warm space, covered with a light-coloured natural pine wood that contrasts with the darker framework of the building.
The roof is generously sized, with large eaves. It consists of layers of wood formed of thin cross-laminated panels and covered with black zinc cladding. The superposition of thin layers of wood lightens the airy, open-to-view roof structure, creating an impression of suspension and movement – an effect accentuated by the way the roof shape curves. The light form of the roof also has a footprint designed so that it slips between the very old Scots pine trees standing on this plot of land. In this way the pavilion blends very sensitively with its surroundings, causing no disturbance to the pre-existing ecosystem.



亭子像一只小鸟一样站在湖边，用精致的金属脚部抬高地面，这种方式与湖面形成呼应。

镀金、闪亮的支架保护了鸟岛之家不受坏天气的影响。

建筑的主要入口是一个大型弯曲坡道，将亭子延伸到湖边人行道，面向岛对面的游客，它由许多垂直木板组成，并像木墩一样在金属脚上抬起，其弯曲的形状和对比鲜明的色调让人联想到涉水的端部，混凝土底座构成了潮湿的土壤和高于地面的木材之间的过渡。


屋中屋

Standing by the lakeside like a bird, the pavilion is raised above the ground on delicate metal feet in a way that references its lakeside situation, water, time and travel.
The gilded, shining feet protect the Maison de l’Île from bad weather.
The main entrance to the house is via a large, curved ramp that extends the pavilion out towards the lakeside walkway, reaching out to visitors who are opposite the island. Made up of many vertical boards and raised on metal feet like a wooden pier, its curved shape and contrasting shades are reminiscent of a wader’s tail. A concrete base defines the transition between the damp earth and the wood raised above ground level.
A HOUSE WITHIN A HOUSE



新展馆的规划很简单，包括一个通过中央功能用房来分隔的独立房间，这将空间组织成两个不同但开放的部分。这个功能区域就像木屋中的木屋，包含了厨房和厕所，它与大型圆形窗户对齐，可以从外部看到。

两个长木架单元沿着建筑的侧墙运行，与入口方向对齐，包含了鸟岛之家的教育展示。公共空间通过湖滨坡道进入，由宽阔的悬挑屋顶保护。在后面一个服务入口的立面和一个较小的圆窗与主立面相呼应。

The plan of the new pavilion is simple, comprising a single room divided by a central functional hub which organises the space into two distinct but open sections. This functional box, like a wooden house-within-a-house, contains the kitchen and the toilets. It is aligned with the large round window and can be seen from the exterior.
Two long wooden shelf units run along the side walls of the building, aligned with the direction of entrance, contain the Maison de l’Île’s educational displays. The public enters via the lakeside ramp, protected by the wide roof overhang. On the rear façade a service entrance and a smaller round window echo the main façade.
The roof structure also has specially-designed small horizontal slits on the outside – the entrances to bat roosting boxes, incorporated within the roof: in this way the building itself is also providing homes where different species can take shelter and reproduce.



屋顶结构在外部也有特别设计的小水平裂缝，即蝙蝠栖息箱的入口，整合在屋顶内，通过这种方式，建筑本身也提供了不同物种可以避难和繁殖的家园。


暗盒

大型圆形窗户是河边步道上的一个引人注目的特征，吸引游客的目光投向鸟岛住宅。它就像一个镜头，反映着周围的世界，让人联想到暗箱或嵌套盒。这个玻璃“眼睛”赋予了这个新的公共设施强大的身份和吸引力。夜幕降临时，圆形的窗户亮了起来，照亮亭子的内部。

鸟岛和住宅形成连贯的整体，在完美的对话中相互补充与呼应。立面的深色阴影与其结构形成对比，唤起了鸟类羽毛的微妙阴影，同时与湖边的小木屋和苏格兰松树的色调完美协调。


集会

CAMERA OBSCURA
The large round window is an eye-catching feature on the riverside walk, drawing visitors’ gaze towards the bird island house. It is like a lens reflecting the world around it – reminiscent of a camera obscura or a nesting box. This glass “eye” gives this new public facility a strong identity and an attractive presence. As night falls the round window lights up, revealing the pavilion’s interior.
The bird island and the bird island house form a coherent ensemble, complementing each other in a perfect dialogue. The dark shade of the façade, contrasting with its structure, evokes the subtle shades of the birds’ plumage while harmonising perfectly with the tonalities of the little chalets already existing along the lakeside and the Scots pines.

ASSEMBLY



银杉木用于制作结构的钳形元素。这种本地品种有着非常好的机械质量和优秀的耐室外条件。建筑的花边结构通过将弯曲的卵形板加在一起而构成，将每个下层板的横梁与相应的屋顶横梁捏在一起。椭圆曲线由三块薄木板(15毫米)组装在一个木制模板上而形成，通过灰针而不是胶水来保持形状，将其插入预先钻孔和预先间隔的孔中，将最终形状固定在适当的位置。灰横木保持了侧立面上元素的稳定性，同时也为鸟类提供了偶尔栖息的地方。与木板齐平的金属钉将所有的钳形元素连接在一起，形成了建筑的几何结构。

Silver fir was the wood chosen to make the structure’s pincer-shaped elements. This local species offers very good mechanical qualities and excellent resistance to outdoor conditions. The building’s lacework structure is formed by adding together the curved ogive-shaped boards, pinching the crossbeam of each lower board together with the corresponding crossbeam of the roof. The ogival curves were created by assembling three thin boards (15 mm) against a wooden counter-form. Ash pins were used rather than glue to maintain the shape, inserted into pre-drilled and pre-spaced holes, holding the final form of the ogive in place and preventing shearing. Visible ash crosspieces maintain the stability of the ogives on the side façades as well as providing an occasional perch for birds. Metal nails flush with the boards link all the pincer elements together, forming the building’s lacework structure.



横向稳定性来自自稳定框架，而纵向稳定性则来自垂直元件的几何形状及其钳形布置形式。框架的不同组件大小不同，但它们的厚度保持不变。

通过计算机辅助设计开发和数控机床的数字化切割，实现了销钉的精确定位、板的完美曲线和结构的三维发展。进行了实验室测试，以验证框架的阻力，特别是高度创新、大胆的垂直元素的稳定性实验。这个框架通过粗锯木材制成。因此，鸟岛之家住宅的结构呈现了不同技术之间的鲜明对比，包括当代和传统。

Lateral stability is ensured by self-stable frames while longitudinal stability is ensured by the geometry of the vertical elements and their pincer-style arrangement. The different components of the framework vary in size, but their thickness remains constant.
The precise positioning of the pins, the perfect curve of the boards and the structure’s three-dimensional development were made possible by CAD development processes and digital cutting with a CNC machine. Laboratory tests were carried out to verify the resistance of the frames and, in particular, the stability of the highly innovative, audacious vertical elements. The framework is made of rough sawn timber. The structure of Maison de l’Île aux Oiseaux therefore presents a striking contrast between the different kinds of technique deployed – both contemporary and more traditional.