Surat钻石交易所
Surat Diamond Bourse / Morphogenesis

由专筑网小R编译

世界上大部分的钻石都来源于印度西部城市Surat，这里也有着世界上最大的钻石工人社区，但是大部分的贸易人士都需要乘坐火车，跨越250公里，去往孟买才能进行商业交易，这很大程度上影响了他们的生活成本，同时也对身体健康造成了影响，Surat钻石交易所将这个大型社区聚集在一起，容纳了诸如钻石切割、抛光，以及交易等所有行为，建筑面积约为710万平方英尺，占地面积35.3英亩，建筑师重新定义了办公建筑，从而在Surat这样潮湿炎热的气候下建立起了全新的可持续标准。

Over 90% of the world's diamond pieces are cut in Surat, in the western Indian state of Gujarat, with the city playing host to the world's largest community of diamond workers. Most traders, however, have to commute over 250 kilometers daily by train to reach Mumbai to conduct their business, significantly impacting their cost of living and commuting as well as access to a healthy quality of life. The Surat Diamond Bourse brings this vast community together, uniting all activities of cutting, polishing, and trading under one roof. With a built-up area of 7.1 million sq. ft. occupying a 35.3-acre site, the design of the bourse redefines the conventional office building typology while establishing new sustainability benchmarks within the hot and humid climatic context of Surat.





建筑沿着中心轴线布局，通过水平和垂直的方式连接着各个楼层，钻石俱乐部位于场地的西北侧，从轴线自由的墙体中向外延伸，同时充分利用了景观视角，9层的办公塔楼也沿着轴线向外扩散，它们和院落相互呼应，在院落里，使用者可以休息，也可以娱乐，15层的办公塔楼则呈现南北布局，有效遮挡了西晒，让建筑光照在大部分工作时间里都显得相对柔和。

A central axis anchors the building, connecting it horizontally and vertically across all levels. The Diamond Club sits as a monolithic insert on the site’s northwest, extending from the free-flowing walls of the axis and taking advantage of the frontage for maximum visibility. Nine office towers diverge from the central axis; they are interspersed with shaded courtyards for rest and recreation that can remain in use year-round. The 15-storey office towers are oriented north-south, screening the harsh western sun and enabling 75% of the workspaces to be filled with diffused light throughout the day.







这座交易所也成为了世界上最大的办公大楼，大约67000名专业人士都能够在此工作，其中包含有4717间办公室，面积从28平方米到10500平方米不等，除此之外，这里的配套设施也十分齐全，比如约10000平方米的用餐区、商业广场，还有约8000平方米的健康休闲、会议区域。

The largest office building in the world - The bourse surpasses the Pentagon as the world’s largest office building. It brings together 67,000 professionals under one roof, with independent and consolidated functioning for 4,717 offices ranging from 28 sq.mt to over 10,500 sq.mt., making it a city within a city. Its wide-ranging amenities include a sprawling 10,000 sq.mt food zone, a retail plaza, and over 8,000 sq.mt. of health and wellness, conference areas, and banquet facilities.



全球最大的商业建筑的设计其实需要很高的效率，从标志性而言，其人流量是一个重要参数，因此该项目的设计的一大挑战，便是满足67000人的高效便捷的使用，为了更好地管理人员流线，建筑师在所有的楼层都设计了步行连廊，这就类似于机场的航站楼，将水平与垂直交通联系在一起，使用者在4分钟之内就能够从场地入口去往最远的办公模块，人员的流动同时也需要保障安全性，使用者能够在一天之中多次在建筑中走动，建筑的结构支柱也很大，甚至也充当了休息座椅。

Championing efficiency - Designing the world's largest commercial building comes with the responsibility of enabling an extremely high level of efficiency. For its monumentality, circulation was one of the defining parameters. The primary challenge was facilitating easy and efficient daily navigation for 67,000 people through the high-security premises. To manage large volumes of people within trading-time constraints, the building is designed with walkable corridors across all floors, similar to an airport terminal, unifying it horizontally and vertically. Functional proximities were determined by optimizing travel distances from the site entrance to the farthest office module under 4 minutes from the point of entry. The flow of people has been designed to minimize security such that once checked at the perimeter, traders can traverse the building multiple times a day. The structure rests on urban-scale columns that double up as seating areas.





Surat钻石交易所和传统的玻璃盒子、机械降温的办公建筑不同，其目的是呼应钻石交易社区的内部生活策略，钻石交易工作需要大量的合作，充分利用不同人员的不同技能，因此建筑的中轴部分就如同建筑的核心，结合绿化中庭和一系列的视觉体验构成了互动场所，人们可以在此沟通交流，另外，建筑的办公空间也结合了许多绿意盎然的共享场所，这里就如同办公室中的休闲区域，结合现有的露天办公文化，拥有充足的自然采光和景观视线，给使用者带来了充满活力的工作氛围，这种形态也最大程度地满足了钻石社区的生活方式，包含有休闲娱乐活动和开放式交易。

Prioritizing liveability - Transcending prevalent trends of conventional glass-enclosed, mechanically-cooled office buildings, Surat Diamond Bourse is designed to respond to the way of life of the diamond trading communities. The diamond traders have a history of working in a highly collaborative fashion, collectively utilizing the skill sets of different members. The central axis thus functions like the building’s spine, creating an interactive hub comprising break-out spaces, green atria, and a host of visual experiences, allowing for multiple chance encounters throughout the work day. In addition, the building accommodates designated offices and greenery-filled common areas that double up as informal workstations, drawing from the existing culture of working in the open air. The building creates a vibrant and lively atmosphere for the workforce with ample natural light and easy access to green pockets. The morphology, which maximizes mutual shading, ensures that the courts can support the way of life of the diamond community, including recreational activities and open trading like in a traditional bazaar.





这座建筑的能源消耗相较于典型的绿色建筑来说少了50%，这超过了传统意义上的可持续标准，整个建筑行业对于全球的温室效应有着巨大的影响，而办公建筑又尤为耗能，这是因为建筑中的使用空间密度高，因此需要应用大量的空调和照明设施，而Surat钻石交易所应用了被动式策略以及现代技术解决了这些问题，同时也通过建筑的布局，减少了西晒的影响，再结合景观场地，让建筑保持舒适。

Exceeding conventional sustainability standards, the bourse consumes 50% less energy than a typical green building - It is a well-known fact that the building industry is the largest contributor to global emissions of greenhouse gases. A lesser-known fact is that there is no bigger energy guzzler in the building industry than the office typology. This is attributed to the high density of users in this typology and the fact that they consume a tremendous amount of energy for air conditioning and lighting. Surat Diamond Bourse directly offsets these challenges using low-tech passive strategies and modern technology. The self-shading blocks are oriented to cut out the harsh western heat and are spaced between 15 acres of landscaping that further keep the site cool.





建筑的社交与交通空间大约占了30%，通过被动冷却方式进行自然通风，建筑的两侧如同喇叭，将新鲜空气引入室内，在没有风的时间里，室内的热空气也可以通过中庭向外排出，从而让内部的小气候保持在舒适的状态，花园分布于整个体量之中，就如同一个自然的空气过滤器，大大提升了室内的空气品质。

100% of the building's community and circulation spaces, equivalent to 30% of the built-up area, are naturally ventilated with passive cooling. The building flares out at both ends to funnel in prevailing winds through the Venturi effect while on non-windy days, staggered atria allow for the escape of hot air through the stack effect, thereby maintaining a pleasant internal microclimate. Gardens distributed along the entire volume of the axis work as natural air filters, enhancing indoor air quality. 100% of community and circulation spaces, covering 30% of the building's area, rely on passive cooling for ventilation.



在无风的日子里，聚集的热空气通过烟囱效应从中庭排出，中庭院落中有着郁郁葱葱的绿色植物，打造了舒适宜人的内部小气候，这座建筑还设计有大型辐射冷却装置，每个楼层的辐射管道长度大约为20公里，总计300公里，其中的40%建筑体量通过节能系统冷却，该系统在地板和天花板上应用了冷冻循环体系，办公部分的南北布局再结合地板的狭窄深度，确保了75%的内部空间都拥有自然采光，减少对人工照明系统的依赖，建筑的公共区域全年都应用了太阳能系统，相较于行业的标准，这座建筑的能耗减少了大约50%，各项节能干预措施使得这座建筑获得了印度绿色建筑委员会（Indian Green Building Council）的白金认证。

On non-windy days, staggered atria interrupt the spine vertically, allowing hot air build-up to escape through the stack effect. The atria also incorporate green lungs that foster a pleasant internal microclimate without mechanical cooling. The building also features one of the largest installations of radiant cooling (approximately 20 kms of running length of radiant pipes per floor; the cumulative length is approx. 300kms), where 40% of the built-up volume is cooled by an energy-efficient system that uses chilled circulated water on the floors and ceilings. The north-south orientation of the office blocks, coupled with the narrow depth of the floor plates, ensures that more than 75% of internal spaces are daylit, drastically reducing the dependence on artificial lighting. The common areas run on solar power throughout the year. A sensitive approach to achieving energy efficiency has led to the building consuming 50% less energy with a performance of around 45 kWh/sq.m./yr, compared to industry green benchmarks (110 kWh/sq.m./yr. as per Energy Conservation Building Code). These interventions have resulted in the building earning the Indian Green Building Council (IGBC) Platinum rating.



这座建筑受钻石交易社区委托，建造方式十分民主，社区也尽可能地维护了商人的各项需求，给他们提供了大量的办公空间，除此之外还有许多灵活的休闲院落，钻石商人和设施管理者综合考虑了各方要求，因此这座建筑是各方共同努力的成果。

Built by the community, for the community - The building, commissioned by the community of diamond traders, is built in a democratic manner, as a cooperative. The community worked to ensure that the building catered to the needs of all traders, with large designated office spaces for large-scale traders as well as informal courtyard spaces that could be used flexibly by small-scale traders. In addition, the diamond traders and facility managers responsible for the upkeep of the premises formed an integral part of the design team, ensuring that all requirements were factored in. The building is thus a result of the collective agency exercised by the community.



来源于当地的材料结合了垃圾填埋策略，建筑中所应用的Lakha红色花岗岩和Gwalior白色砂岩采购于约300公里的周边地区，当地的石匠社区从采石到材料的最终应用等各个阶段都有相应的工作需要完成，该项目很好地表达了分散发展的概念，象征着Surat的快速进步，除了建筑自身所带来的工作机会之外，相关制造单位也因此得以设立，主要用于交易所的建设工作，促进了地区的就业发展，另外，这座建筑的建设也建立了全新的社会基础设施，比如学校和医院，让区域的配套设施更加完善。

Catalyzing decentralized development - Locally sourced materials were incorporated with a minimal waste-to-landfill approach. Lakha red granite and Gwalior white sandstone used in the construction have been procured from within a 300 km radius. Stone-working communities from the Deccan Plateau were employed at all stages, from quarrying to dressing and application. The project exemplifies the idea of decentralized development, symbolic of Surat's progress and rapid economic growth. Apart from the facility itself generating employment in the area, manufacturing units were set up locally to support the construction of the bourse, further creating opportunities for growth in the area. The construction of the project has aided the establishment of new social infrastructure, with schools and hospitals coming up as a result of community initiatives. In this manner, the building catalyzes holistic development in the tier II city while alleviating unchecked urban migration.

























建筑设计：Morphogenesis
类型：机构 商业 地标
面积：660451 m²
时间：2023
摄影：Edmund Sumner
城市：Surat
国家：印度

INSTITUTIONAL BUILDINGS, COMMERCIAL ARCHITECTURE, LANDMARKS & MONUMENTS
SURAT, INDIA
Architects: Morphogenesis
Area: 660451 m²
Year: 2023
Photographs:Edmund Sumner
City: Surat
Country: India