加入我们，探索伦敦动物园的现代主义建筑及更多惊喜
Join our tour of London Zoo, its modernist architecture and more

由专筑网Yinglin，小R编译

伦敦动物园深受年轻游客的喜爱，但这里同样为建筑爱好者提供了丰富的欣赏空间；本次游览将带您探索园内的现代主义建筑瑰宝。

如果你认为伦敦动物园只有动物值得观赏，那就要重新考虑了。这个观光胜地遍布现代主义建筑珍品，涵盖了不同时期的动物居所设计，从维多利亚时代的建筑（确切地说，动物园于1828年首次开园）一直延续到21世纪（例如2013年完成的“老虎领地”）。年轻游客每天都来此与动物互动，但园区的建筑环境也能让建筑爱好者大饱眼福，使其成为值得一游的建筑景点。


伦敦动物园的建筑：从起源到两百周年

伦敦动物园最著名的建筑瑰宝是企鹅池。该建筑由Berthold Lubetkin于1934年设计，当时被视为工程奇迹。然而，后来发现混凝土材料并不适合企鹅，动物们不得不迁往其他地方。尽管如此，这座椭圆形的一级保护建筑仍然象征着那个时代前卫的现代主义建筑探索。

London Zoo is a well-established magnet for younger visitors, but there's plenty for the architecture enthusiast to admire too; our tour explores its modernist treasures for guests of all ages
If you thought London Zoo was just about animals, think again. Modernist architecture treasures abound in this sightseeing staple, which offers a range of designs for different residents' homes, starting from structures from the Victorian times (1828 to be precise, when the attraction first opened its doors) and leading up to the 21st century (the Tiger Territory was perfected in 2013). Young visitors flock daily to coo over its furry inhabitants, but its built environment has something for everyone too, making this a worthy visit for the architecture enthusiast.

Architecture at London Zoo: from origins to bicentenary
One of London Zoo's most well-known architectural gems is the Penguin Pool. Designed in 1934 by Berthold Lubetkin, it was a feat of engineering at the time; yet the animals ultimately had to be rehoused, as its material, concrete, was later discovered not to be ideal for the birds. Still, its elliptical Grade I-listed volume is visual shorthand for the progressive, modernist architectural explorations of its time.



为庆祝其悠久历史及与游客的关系，伦敦动物园宣布了一个新项目——“历史蜂巢”。2026年，伦敦动物园由ZSL（伦敦动物学会）运营的保护慈善机构将迎来200周年纪念。为了庆祝这一事件，从现在起至周年纪念日，动物园将收集“纪念品、文物、家庭照片和全球访客的口述历史”，邀请游客共同参与动物园的庆典。建筑也将在这一项目中扮演重要角色。

伦敦动物园的地产改造主管Claire McKeown谈及这一遗产时表示：“伦敦动物园的建筑遗产在英国无与伦比，这里集中了众多跨越近200年的历史建筑。这种设计多样性反映了动物园从古至今的演变历程，漫步在动物园，您将不难发现这种多样性与折衷主义建筑，Sir Hugh Casson设计的粗野主义展馆紧邻现代主义的企鹅池，远处还能看到1913年建成的Mappin Terraces——动物园首次尝试人工山地景观设计。”

Celebrating its long history and its relationship with its (often, frequently returning) visitors, London Zoo has announced a new project – History Hive. In 2026, ZSL (Zoological Society of London), the conservation charity that runs London Zoo, will turn 200 years old. To mark the event, from now until that bicentenary date, as part of this project, the zoo will be sourcing 'memorabilia, artefacts, family photos and oral history from people across the globe' – inviting its guests to be part of its story. Architecture is expected to play a key role in the project too.
Claire McKeown, the zoo's director of estate transformation, says of this heritage: 'London Zoo’s architectural legacy is unparalleled in the UK, with a remarkable concentration of listed historical buildings spanning nearly 200 years. This diversity of design reflects the zoo's evolution, from its origins as a Georgian zoological garden to its current role as a world leader in conservation and education. As you walk around the zoo, it's hard to miss this diversity and eclecticism, as our brutalist pavilion, designed by Sir Hugh Casson, nestles alongside a modernist penguin pool, with the Mappin Terraces – the zoo's first attempt at artificial mountainous landscaping from 1913 – towering in the distance.



“这些建筑不仅令人难忘，它们还深深融入了流行文化中。其中最著名的要数Lubetkin设计的企鹅池，这座现代主义杰作启发了1935年Edward Young为企鹅出版社设计的标志，并出现在2022年Harry Styles的《As It Was》音乐视频中。除此之外，还有备受喜爱的建于上世纪20年代的爬虫馆，由动物园首位女性爬虫学家Joan Procter博士设计，她推动了该建筑的创新与技术发展。”

“许多人会认出它的意大利风格，因为它出现在《哈利·波特与魔法石》中哈利与缅甸蟒蛇相遇的场景中。伦敦动物园的建筑遗产既是对其历史的致敬，也是对其不断创新使命的见证。这些建筑不仅是历史地标，也是功能性空间，展示了我们在保留遗产的同时，不断适应现代需求。”

'Not only is the architecture unforgettable, it’s at the heart of popular culture. Most famous is the Lubetkin Penguin Pool, a modernist masterpiece that became the inspiration for Edward Young's iconic Penguin Books logo in 1935 and was featured in Harry Styles’ "As It Was" music video in 2022. Elsewhere is the much-beloved 1920s Reptile House, designed by the zoo's first female herpetologist, Dr Joan Procter, who drove the innovation and technical specification of the build forward.
'Many will recognise its Italianate style from Harry Potter's encounter with a Burmese python in Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone. The architectural legacy of London Zoo stands as both a tribute to its history and a testament to its ongoing mission to innovate. These structures are not just historical landmarks, but functional spaces, showing how we constantly endeavour to balance heritage with adapting to modern conservation needs.'



伦敦动物园在多年的建筑决策中始终坚持美学与动物福利的平衡。McKeown解释说，最近，标志性的Snowden鸟舍改造为猴谷也体现了这一原则，这为濒危的黑白疣猴提供栖息地。原有的宝贵设计得到了保留，但经过重新构思和更新，适应新的用途及21世纪的需求。

“这种方法突显了动物园建筑的转变，即动物护理与设计的和谐统一，平衡了建筑遗产的保留，创造了设计与功能共存的丰富复杂生态系统。”

A balance between aesthetics and animal welfare sits at the heart of London Zoo's decisions and architectural work on campus over the years. This is reflected in the recent transformation of the iconic Snowden Aviary into Monkey Valley, a habitat for endangered colobus monkeys, McKeown explains. The precious existing design was maintained but reimagined and updated for its new use and 21st-century needs.
'It's an approach that highlights a shift in zoo architecture, where animal care and design harmonise, balancing the preservation of architectural heritage to create enriching, complex ecosystems where design and function coexist.'



“随着我们即将迎来两百周年纪念，现代保护动物园在未来的重要作用更加凸显，36英亩园区的改造是其中的核心。动物园的设计始终是我们作为以保护为中心的动物园使命的核心，每个项目之中融入了可持续性和未来保障的理念。该愿景确保了伦敦动物园在尊重其历史遗产及早期先锋建筑师的同时，继续引领为动物和游客创造最先进环境的潮流。”

'As we look towards our bicentenary, and considering the vital role of a modern conservation zoo in the future, the transformation of our 36-acre site is absolutely at the heart of this. The design of the zoo remains central to our mission as a conservation-focused zoo, integrating sustainability and future-proofing into every project. This vision ensures that, while London Zoo honours its historic legacy and former pioneering architects, it continues to be a pioneer in creating state-of-the-art environments for both animals and visitors alike.'


钟楼，1828年



虽然这座钟楼严格来说并不是现代主义建筑，但作为本次游览的起点再合适不过了。钟楼于1828年随着伦敦动物园的正式开园而落成，是园区中最古老的原始建筑，由建筑师Decimus Burton设计。该建筑在二战期间受到损毁，后来于20世纪40年代末得到了修复。

Clock Tower, 1828
Granted, an unexpected kick-off, as this is technically not a modernist building, but the Clock Tower is a fitting start to this tour, as it was inaugurated in 1828 with London Zoo's official launch. It constitutes the oldest original building in the wider complex, designed by architect Decimus Burton. The structure suffered damage during the Second World War but was repaired in the late 1940s.


Mappin梯台，1914年



Mappin梯台为二级保护建筑，毗邻如今用来安置袋鼠和鸸鹋的Mappin展馆。这座层叠的结构由建筑师John James Joass设计，采用钢筋混凝土建造，灵感来源于当时前卫的动物园建筑理念，提倡无笼栅的围栏设计。

Mappin Terraces, 1914
The Grade II-listed Mappin Terraces are located adjacent to the Mappin Pavilion, which now houses the wallabies and emus. The cascading, tiered structure was designed by architect John James Joass, built out of reinforced concrete and inspired by progressive zoo architecture of the time, which promoted enclosures without bars.


水族馆，1924年



伦敦动物园的水族馆是全球首个对公众开放的设施，由维多利亚时代的自然学家Philip Henry Gosse设计，他还为水族馆提供了自己收藏的海洋标本。该建筑以极大的热情精心打造，使用了大块玻璃，方便观众观赏其中的海洋生物。

Aquarium, 1924
London Zoo's Aquarium takes pride in being the world's first-ever public facility of its kind. Designed by Victorian naturalist Philip Henry Gosse, who also supplied marine specimens for it from his own collection, the structure was meticulously crafted through passion and using large sheets of glass for viewing the creatures within.


爬虫馆，1926年



许多人对爬虫馆并不陌生，不仅因为亲临其境，还因为它出现在首部《哈利·波特》电影中。该建筑由爬行动物馆长Joan Beauchamp Procter博士与建筑师Edward Guy Dawber爵士共同设计，在当时极为先进。Procter不仅是爬虫学领域的专家，还是动物园的首位女性爬虫学家。

Reptile House, 1926
Many will be familiar with the Reptile House, not only from site visits, but also for its famous appearance in the first Harry Potter movie. The structure was designed by Dr Joan Beauchamp Procter, curator of reptiles, with architect Sir Edward Guy Dawber, and it was considered extremely advanced for its time. Procter was an expert in her field, as well as the zoo's first female herpetologist.


猩猩馆，1933年



猩猩馆，也被称为圆形馆，是伦敦动物园首座由现代主义建筑事务所Tecton Group设计的建筑。该建筑专为安置一对雄性和雌性大猩猩Mok和Moina而建。其设计出自Tecton Group的联合创始人Berthold Lubetkin（他还设计了伦敦的著名Highgate高点公寓），并由传奇工程师Ove Arup协助实现。如今，该建筑被列为一级保护建筑。

Gorilla House, 1933
Gorilla House – also known as Round House – was the first building at the zoo to be commissioned to the modernist architecture practice Tecton Group. It was custom-built to house a pair of male and female gorillas, Mok and Moina. The structure was designed by practice co-founder Berthold Lubetkin (the man behind London gems such as Highgate's Highpoint apartment building) and realised with the help of legendary engineer Ove Arup. It is now Grade I-listed.


企鹅池，Berthold Lubetkin设计，1934年



世界闻名的企鹅池于1934年完工，由Lubetkin和Tecton Group设计。这个椭圆形的游泳池特色在于通向水面的螺旋步道，过去还有观景窗、内置的筑巢箱、玻璃前面的潜水池和旋转喷泉。

Penguin Pool by Berthold Lubetkin, 1934
The world-famous Penguin Pool was completed in 1934, also to a design by Lubetkin and the Tecton Group. The elliptical swimming pool features dramatic spiralling walkways down to the water, and used to have viewing windows, built-in nesting boxes, a glass-fronted diving tank and a revolving fountain.


Casson馆，1965年



微眯着眼，你几乎可以看出Casson馆设计的灵感——一群大象围聚在水塘边。该建筑由Sir Hugh Casson与Neville Conder及其伙伴设计，是当时粗野主义建筑的典范。目前，这座建筑已被列为二级保护建筑，是红河猪家族的栖息地。

Casson Pavilion, 1965
Squint your eyes and you can just about see the inspiration for the Casson Pavilion's design – a herd of elephants gathering around a water hole. The building was designed by Sir Hugh Casson and Neville Conder and Partners and is a fine example of the brutalist architecture of its time. It is now Grade II-listed and the home of a red-river-hog family.


斯诺登鸟舍，1965年



斯诺登鸟舍的尖顶标志性设计使其成为伦敦动物园内外的地标，人们从摄政运河步道和摄政公园都能远眺。该建筑以其设计者斯诺登勋爵命名，他与Cedric Price和Frank Newby共同设计。鸟舍采用了悬浮的铝框架四面体结构，灵感源自1951年英国博览会的Skylon建筑。这座鸟舍也是伦敦动物园的二级保护建筑。

Snowdon Aviary, 1965
The Snowdon Aviary's pointy peaks mark the presence of London Zoo even beyond its own campus, visible from the Regent's Canal walk and Regent's Park. Named after its designer Lord Snowdon, who worked alongside Cedric Price and Frank Newby, the aviary is an innovative structure in suspended aluminium-framed tetrahedrons, heavily inspired by the gravity-defying Skylon from the 1951's Festival of Britain. This is another of the zoo's Grade II-listed buildings.


Clore Pavilion, 1967



Clore小型哺乳动物馆因其建筑设计而受到二十世纪学会等遗产机构的推崇，由建筑师Black、Bayes和Gibson设计，并由Charles Clore捐赠的20万英镑资助建成。该建筑外观低调简洁，但在砖块和混凝土构成的结构上极具复杂性，馆内还设有为游客设计的高架玻璃步道。

Celebrated for its architecture by heritage institutions such as the Twentieth Century Society, the The Clore Pavilion for Small Mammals was designed by architects Black, Bayes & Gibson (made possible by a £ 200,000 donation from Charles Clore). It is a low, modest-looking but highly complex composition in brick and concrete, featuring a raised glazed walkway for visitors.


Lion Terraces, 1975



伦敦动物园“狮子之地”展区中的狮子台阶由当时的伦敦动物学会建筑师John Toovey设计。这座建筑取代了1876年建造的旧狮子馆，展现了更加广阔而引人注目的步行体验。

The extensive, impressive walk into the 'Land of the Lions' at London Zoo includes a visit to the Lion Terraces, which were designed by John Toovey, when he was architect to the Zoological Society of London. The structure was created to replace an old Lion House built in 1876.


图片：ZSL