位置：莱西卡，乔治亚州，美国
功能：市政
场地面积：1225㎡
建筑面积：400㎡
层数：3层
结构（材料）：全钢结构
参与设计：Full Design Control RIBA STAGES - A- K
客户：乔治亚州司法部
景观设计：Architects of Invention
结构设计：Engenuiti.com UK / Engenuiti.com UK
建造单位：Engenuiti.com UK
活跃在英国和乔治亚州的年轻团队Architects of Invention，为新城Lazika设计了一个全新的市政建筑。这个海洋、经济和商业中心，被认为是乔治亚州最大的城市之一。目前，新城lazika的新政府命去了行动路线，前途充满机遇和挑战。
设计团队Architects of Invention，配合工程师团队Engenuiti，设计了一个钢结构的建筑作为黑海边的新城发展的一部分。建筑主要功能有一个公共服务大厅，一个婚礼的殿堂，市政府办公室。该项目开始于2012年年初，并在同年9月中旬结束。该建筑按部就班，168天就完成了。
建筑师解释道，该建筑物是介于建筑物和雕塑之间。它不分楼层，但是是由体量构成——每个建筑体量功能独立不受干扰。Architects of Invention合伙创始人Niko Japaridze解释说：“Lazika市政厅是一个实体竖向位移研究的实验。”
这是一系列漂浮的物体——它在这个新城市的湿地上得提供一个舞台。当地的建筑有过架空于地面的历史，所以有先例。” Japaridze说到。他引用了Yona Friedman的“漂浮的城市”作为支持这个项目的相关观点。
这个项目的目的是用一种材料像雕塑一样建造建筑。抬高的建筑创造了公共空间,彼此分开 ,形成了一个纪念碑,尤其作为新未来之城的标志。我们的重点是留白,而不是聚集——我们开始用空的空间——因为这是为未来设计的项目,没有对以往固体物的记忆。我们不是在固体里挖洞，而是相反。在空白中插入体块——每个体块与其他体量通过空隙保持微弱的联系。例如,有一个红色的玻璃管体量(电梯)连接较低楼层与顶部的体量——所以经验有了转换,仿佛穿过红色的镜头。当你在建筑中游览的时候，感觉更多的时候是空隙而非体量——它有时会令人生畏。
Paul Grimes,Engenuiti的主创,描述了结构:“结构由钢组成,利用一系列斜钢柱产生戏剧性的漂浮平台的感觉。挑战包括地震条件和怎样利用当地雇员的工艺达到一个标志性建筑的目标。
地基解决方案是设置80个直径800毫米的桩 (已经通过旋转冲击法安装)并且有25米深。如何在有机层控制定点和控制在地震事件中潜在的液化的地面影响的是主要的担忧。
在设计一个重要的考虑因素是需要控制成本,但也可能使用当地材料和本地劳动力,以带给当地最大的经济利益。通常情况下,这将推动设计走向一个结构混凝土的解决方案。然而这个计划的复杂性决定了项目的解决方案最好使用钢结构框架。
基地
Lazika是一个新建立的黑海沿岸的城市,它位于先前无人居住的沿海湿地。Lazika位于一英里以南的海度假胜地Anaklia和3英里以南的格鲁吉亚的阿布哈兹边境。Lazika这个名字指的是该地区的老名字。这个城市2011年12月由格鲁吉亚总统Saakashvili宣布成立,并且在2012年9月之前完成了大部分市政建筑。悬而未决只有一个建筑——市政府大楼。目前,Lazika的未来前途未卜,作为新的政府，决定了它的行动方向。
这个特定区域(Mengrelia——西格鲁吉亚)的建筑结构体系反映其环境问题。该地区高度潮湿土壤质量低,所以当地传统民居架空房屋，没有基座，这样有利于通风且可以保持下面结构的结构干燥。
基地与海平面几乎齐平,因此客户端需要知道相关的全球变暖带来的影响以及随后的在未来的世纪海平面上升可能会超过1米 (基于气候建模)。地下水位是介于1和1.5在地面以下。设计的主要问题包括控制由于有机层带来的沉降和控制在地震事件中潜在的液化的地面带来的影响。
基地所在的高加索地区,是地震最活跃的地区之一，它位于阿尔卑斯山和喜马拉雅山脉的碰撞带。这个地震活动带位于全球范围内非洲和阿拉伯板块与欧亚板块的碰撞推动区。基于我们的理解，设计考虑了该区域区域的地质假设最糟糕的条件——地面抗震设计概要文件EC8 E。地下水面在地面以下1到1.5之间的。
作且有独立的从街道到达的入口，但也彼此紧密相连。地面的体量为主要公共服务大厅，从街道上很容易进入。第二个体量用作一个婚礼大厅,可直接到达一个大露台。第三个体量离地20 m，为办公空间。只有柱子和流线接触地面。
在穿孔钢板包层完成的最高的体量的外立面带来50%的透明度和同时又是固体体量。钢框架结构是贯穿所有部分的设计和这个框架的暴露在于强调建筑的技术和创新精神。顶部的体量尺寸有35m×35m,建筑的平面轮廓——一个平行四边形，包含积极和消极的空间。
结构三个体量在不同高度脱离地面。每一种体量有不同的功能。每一种体量自我高效运。
每个功能体量有一个特定的外观——透明(公共大厅),半透明(婚礼大厅),半透明(办公室)。公共大厅墙壁四面明确。婚礼大厅是一个动态的形体,地板、墙壁和天花板采用同样的材料——曲线给临近的在顶部体量下的平台带来活力。顶部是一个封闭的体量，集中了办公活动,但它在体量中间也体现出缝隙的感觉。
项目
客户需要设置一个公共办公室或者一个市政厅,在那里他们可以开始对未来城市的规划工作。他们需要在基地上设置一个公共服务大厅,一个婚礼大厅和一个大约容纳40名雇员的办公室，建筑规模大小约为1500平方米。
这个功能错综复杂的建筑项目产生了一一系列注意事项:
•基本上,引进一种雕塑的想法是要合成到景观而不是建筑。因此在非常平坦的基地上空飘浮的上办公室是用来俯瞰新城市和新的国际港口。基座上为员工办公，底层为公共服务大厅。
•引入一个架起的体量(离地20 m),用作办公室。
•公共服务大厅在一层，方便市民访问，为框架结构，没有直棂玻璃面板。
•引入抬高的基座的想法来自于一个分析地理、公共空间、社区生活和当地的气候的交叉研究。项目中体量的相互到达和提供娱乐空间来满足所有可能的公共需求。
•建筑由2层高的地面层和空间多用途的屋顶,婚礼大厅和办公室组成。所有功能的建筑有单独出入口。
特别鸣谢翻译一组5号 叶军 提供的翻译，译稿版权归译者所有，转载请注明出处。
Location: Lazika, Georgia，America
Function: Municipality
Site area: 1,225 ㎡
Building area: 400 ㎡
Stories: 3
Structure (materials): 100% Steel body
Design participation: Full Design Control RIBA STAGES - A- K
Client: Ministry Of Justice of Georgia
Landscape Design: Architects of Invention
Structural engineer: Engenuiti.com UK
Constructional engineer: Engenuiti.com UK
Setting the benchmark for a new elevated city : Architects of Invention
The young UK-Georgia-based practice Architects of Invention has completed a new municipality building for a city which is yet to come into being – Lazika. This marine, economic and commercial centre was intended to be one of the largest cities in Georgia. Currently, Lazika's future hangs in the balance, as the new government decides its course of action.
Architects of Invention, alongside engineers Engenuiti, designed a steel-structured building as a part of the development of a new city on the Black Sea coast. The brief was to create a Public Service Hall, a Wedding Hall and Municipal Offices. Work on the project began at the end of January, 2012, and the building was completed in mid-September, 2012. The building was constructed in 168 days with a progressive drafting schedule.
The architects explain that the building is a juxtaposition between a building and a sculpture. It is not divided into floors but is comprised of volumes – each volume of the building can function separately from the other.
Architects of Invention co-founder Niko Japaridze explains: “Lazika Municipality is a rectilinear experiment in the vertical displacement of solid mass”.
“This is a series of floating objects – which should set the stage for this new city on the marshlands. The local architecture was historically stilt-supported so there is natural precedent here,”says Japaridze. He cites Yona Friedman’s ‘floating city’ as the main correlation point for this project.
The ambition of this project was to make a building as a sculpture made out of one material. The suspended volumes create public spaces, separated from each other, forming a monument, and saliently, a benchmark for the new architecture of new futuristic city. Our priority here was the void, not the mass - we began with the empty space - since this is a project of the future and there is no memory to which solid mass might refer.
Instead of carving void-space from a cube, we have done the reverse. It is a void with volumes inserted - and each volume has a fragile connection to the others, via the void. For example, there is a red glass tube (the elevators) connecting the lower floors with the top cubic volume - so the experience is of transition, as though through red lens. When you navigate the building, the voids are felt more than the solid forms - it can be daunting at times.
Paul Grimes, director of Engenuiti, describes the structure: ‘The structural frame is constructed from steel, utilizing a series of raking steel columns to produce the dramatic floated upper platform. Challenges include the seismic conditions and the sympathetic employment of local skills to achieve what will be an iconic statement of architectural ambition’.
The foundation solution was for 80 piles 800mm diameter (has been installed through rotary percussion methods) and up to 25m deep. Control of settlements due to organic layers and control of potential liquefaction of the ground during a seismic event were the main concerns.
A key consideration in the design was the need to control costs where possible but also to use local materials and local labour so as to give the maximum benefit to the local economy. Normally this would push the design towards a structural concrete solution in Georgia. However the complexity of the project dictated that the project is best developed using a Structural Steel Framing Solution.
The Site
Lazika is a newly founded city on the Black Sea coast, located on previously uninhabited coastal wetlands. Lazika is located one mile to the south of the sea resort Anaklia and 3 miles south of Georgia's border with Abkhazia.
The name 'Lazika' refers to the Graeco-Roman name for the region. The city’s existence was announced in December, 2011 by President Saakashvili, and established upon the completion of the Lazika municipality building in September 2012. The city remains in limbo with only one building, the municipality building, having been constructed. Currently, Lazika's future hangs in the balance, as the new government decides its course of action.
The architecture of this particular area (Mengrelia - West Georgia) reflects environmental considerations. The region has high level of humidity and dump soil, so local peoples traditionally built houses on stilts with no foundation to encourage ventilation from underneath and keep the structure dry.
The site is almost at the existing mean sea-level and hence the client needed to be aware of the risks associated with anticipated global warming and subsequent sea level rises which could be in excess of 1m during the next century (based on climate modeling). The water table is between 1 and 1.5 m below ground level. Our main concerns included the control of settlement due to organic layers and the control of potential liquefaction of the ground during a seismic event.
The Caucasus region, in which the site is located, is one of the most seismically active regions in the Alpine-Himalayan collision belt. This seismicity is driven on a global scale by the collision of the African and Arabian tectonic plates with the Eurasian plate. Based on our understanding of the regional geology it is valid to assume one of the worst ground conditions for seismic design – Ground Profile E to EC8. The water table is between 1 to 1.5 m below ground level.
Elevated Plinths
The three volumes of this structure are all detached from the ground at different levels. Each of these three shapes are devoted to different functions. Each of these three volumes operates self-sufficiently and has its own entrance from the street but they are also inter-connected. The volume on the ground level is designated as the main Public Services Hall, with easy access at street level. The second volume is dedicated for use as a wedding ceremony hall with direct access to a large terrace. The third volume floats 20m above the ground and contains office spaces. Only pillars and circulation points touch the ground.
The perforated steel-sheet-cladding finishing of the facade of the top volume bring 50% transparency and lend a solid quality to the volume at the same time. The steel frame structure is integrated throughout all parts of the design and this frame is exposed to emphasise the building's technology and spirit of innovation. The top volume have the dimensions of 35mx35m, and its downward projection describes the contours of the building - which is a parallelogram containing positive and negative space.
A specific appearance was given to each functional volume - the transparent (public hall), the semi-transparent (wedding hall), and the translucent (offices). The public hall has clear walls on all four sides. The wedding hall is a dynamic volume where floor, wall and ceiling utilises the same material - and the curve they describe brings dynamics to the adjacent terrace which lies underneath the top volume. The top volume is an enclosed mass, concentrated on the activity of office work, but it too, gives precedence to the void at its centre.
Programme
The client needed a public office or a town hall where they could start work on future city planning. They required an accessible Public Service Hall, a Wedding Hall and Offices for about 40 employees, at a size of about 1500 m2.
The functional interaction of the building's programme and the status of the proposed building incited a number of considerations:
• Primarily, the idea of introducing a sculptural object integrated into the landscape rather than a building. Hence very flat geography of the place floating above the ground offices are used to overlook the New City and New International Port. The plinth serves as an office for the employees of the Municipality, while the ground floor volume is dedicated to the Public Services Hall.
• A focus has been given to introducing a raised plinth (20m above the ground), which is devoted to the offices.
• Public Service Hall is positioned on the ground level with easy street access, distinguished frame and no mullion glass panels.
• Introducing the raised plinth as one of the interaction-points of the programme was derived from an analysis of flat geography, public spaces, community life and local climate. The relative access and recreational opportunities for each component of the programme resulted in an optimal development focus to meet all possible public needs.
• The building consists of a ground floor with double-height spaces and with a multipurpose roof, wedding hall and offices. All functions of the building have separate access points. |
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