Sopron Castle District Revitalization
由专筑网赵泽民，Vigo编译
来自建筑师的描述。Sopron城堡区域是40-60米宽的大道，该区域由包围市中心的外围城墙组成，位于倾斜堤坡上。因此，沿着城堡围墙排列的建筑，大多是18-19世纪的洛可可和路易斯十六风格，在典型的狭窄地形内，建筑高低错落。其中唯一不同的地方是被战争损坏的建筑立面和城堡的墙面，这些是重要的视觉元素。外围的建筑由早期的、部分更加广泛的中世纪建筑组成，形成具有天井的房屋，并且连通城堡的道路。在很久以前，周边建筑的发展，市场的发展表明了该历史区域的意义：19世纪中期，它留有的一些空间供牛市场和干草市场进行贸易。在19世纪，虽然有时有轨电车在上面行驶，城堡区域要比大道更加连续，略微向外倾斜。
From the architect. The Castle District of Sopron is a 40-60 meter wide boulevard, which was formed on the outer skirt of the ditch running along the city walls that encircled the former historical core of the town, on the so called glacis slope. Consequently, from direction of the castle walls the row of houses, mostly of Rococo and Louis XVI style built in the 18th-19th century, appears with alternating building height, developed typically on narrow plots. The only exception is one spot where the facade is interrupted by war dam-ages and part of the castle wall reveals as a visual element. The outer row of houses consists of earlier, partly medieval buildings with wider lot divisions, resulting in patio houses that are connected to Castle District with passages. Once long ago – after the development of the surrounding facades – market function was present in this area of historical significance: it gave place to cattle markets or at some parts of it hay markets were held in the middle of the 19th century. In the 19th century, the Castle Dis-trict was more of a contiguous, slightly outwards sloping area than a boulevard, even though also a tram line was running along it.
© Balázs Danyi
© Balázs Danyi
在二十世纪下半夜，城堡区域的更新设计条件是普遍存在的。在当时，交通系统是在留有围墙Pál Boronkai平面图上发展而来的，与交通路线（服务道路）相交接和分离。这种国家主导交通系统限制了人流，同时纵向分隔了连续空间。十字路口上的交通信号灯为道路服务，引导车流行驶，指引停车位置，将人流限制在沿墙面的窄路上。事实上，在用地性质转变之前，整个城堡区域是一个连续的停车场。在城市之中，宽敞的道路和广场太多了，致使该区域过多的墙面，道路和树篱影响了人们视线。传统的、占据主导地位的房屋和贸易场所失去了本有的公共空间联系（如咖啡露台，室外餐饮区）。公共空间的建筑元素（历史建筑）缺乏艺术性和技术条件，地域缺失了单独的、完整的景象，致使城堡建筑不能体现其地位象征。Virgin Mary 雕像和Loyalty (=Hűség kútja) 喷泉成为Sopron最重要的公共活动空间。然而，在墙面和楼梯的分隔下，他们并没有形成组团。
Conditions prevailing before the design process of the Castle District’s renewal were formed during the second half of the 20th century. At that time, a traffic system was developed on basis of Pál Boronkai’s plans with retain walls, articulated and separated traffic routes (service road). This traffic-dominated state restricted pedestrian traffic to the minimum and at the same time it longitudinally separated the once contiguous space. Traffic light intersections, service roads, cars passing and searching for parking place restricted pedestrian traffic to a narrow stipe along the walls. Prior to the conversion, actually the whole Castle District was one contiguous parking lot. The generosity of the extremely wide public place, the large and contiguous square worthy of a city was overbuilt and over-articulated: the area was filled with retaining walls, roads and hedges blocking the view. The traditional functional dominance of hospitality and trade on the ground floors of the Castle District houses was not accompa-nied by corresponding public space connections (e.g. coffee terraces, outdoor catering areas). The architectural elements (his-toric buildings) of the public space were in poor aesthetic and technical condition, and the area missed a single, integrated image that could have provided the Castle District with identity. The place between the statue of Virgin Mary and the Fountain of Loyalty (=Hűség kútja) is one of the most important public spaces in Sopron. Nevertheless, it was unjustly fragmented and divided by retaining walls and stairs.
© Balázs Danyi
Site Plan/场地平面图
© Balázs Danyi
2009年秋季，Sopron市议会展开了标题为“Sopron振兴城堡区域”的建筑竞赛。竞赛胜出者为Hetedik Műterem Kft.与他的景观设计合作伙伴GEUM Műterem Kft。在几年的设计工作中，公共空间建设的开始也是最壮观的2015年，大约1万5000平方米的建筑建成了。
In autumn 2009, the city council of Sopron announced a national, secret, open architectural competition with the title “Sopron – Revitalization of the Castle District”. The competition was won by Hetedik Műterem Kft. in collaboration with its land-scape designer partner GEUM Műterem Kft. In the course of several years of design work, the first and most spectacular phase of the public space renewal, an approx. 15 thousand m2 large area has been completed by 2015.
© Balázs Danyi
这座城堡之美在于半公里长的距离上，存在连续变化的界面和空间关系。这些变化都属于原先宽敞的、充满活力的Várkörút（城堡大街）特征。这种二元性，即纵向活力和横截面多样性是我们在规划中希望获得的最大价值。关键点是，当人们站在城堡区的任何一点，都能感觉到自己在身处在这个地段中。然而，随着历史建筑的外观随着内外界面发展从而决定城市形象时，设计师们也需要适当调整手法，因此，拿后建建筑与占据主导地位的历史建筑相竞争是没有必要的。
The beauty of the Castle District lies in its character created by the continuously changing cross sections and con-stantly varying spatial relations along almost half a kilometer length; and by the feature that all this belongs to Várkörút (Castle Boulevard), to its dynamism and generosity. This duality, namely the dichotomy of the longitudinal dynamism and cross-sectional diversity is the greatest value that we wanted to strengthen in our plan. The key concept was that when standing at any point of the Castle District one should know and feel that he/she is in this very part of the area. However, moderate approach was also required since the facades of the historic development along the inner and outer curves are determinative urban design ele-ments, thus competing with them for dominance is unnecessary.
© Balázs Danyi
© Balázs Danyi
在公共设施建设完毕之后，新安装的路灯和新的步行引导图案共同组成了新的交通系统。由于历史环境和先前的状态，我们主要目标是建设整体统一的外观（颜色）和均匀平整向外倾斜的路面，在材料特性下显示出庄严效果。这就是为什么我们选择深色的熟料砖和花岗岩条纹的原因。这样的设计同时保证了统一性。后者的图形，像在乐谱上的线条一样，是为了安排公共空间结构中的不同功能，从而不破坏其完整性。在重视公共设施的同时，也要考虑到景观绿化。中心区域种植了刺叶高植被，周围建筑物则辅以灌木，这样一方面确保了历史建筑的主导地位，另一方面满足了行人区的不同功能需求。
After the complete reconstruction of utilities, new street lighting was installed and new pedestrian-dominated surfaces were formed in accordance with the renewed traffic system. Because of the historic environment and the former state, our main objec-tive was to create a pavement with uniform appearance (color) evenly sloping towards the outer arc, providing a noble effect with its use of material. That is why we chose dark-colored clinker bricks and granite stripes ensuring the unity of the spatial structure. The graphics of the latter, like lines in sheet music, were meant to arrange the different features of public space architecture without disturbing the sense of integrity. Due to the public utility network’s density, landscaping and planting demanded great care. While high trees with pierced foliage were designed to the central zone, tree species with smaller canopy were placed next to the buildings – partly in order to ensure a dominant view for the historic facades, and on the other hand because of the differ-ent functional requirements of the pedestrian-dominated areas.
© Balázs Danyi
© Balázs Danyi
中心区域还设计了一栋建筑，用来提供卫生服务设施。建筑采用纹理细致的混凝土表面，预制钢筋混凝土百叶窗和木板外墙，暗示Sopron区卓越不朽的重建工程在20世纪下半叶竣工了。
A pavilion was built in the area's center of gravity, accommodating the necessary service rooms and toilets. The build-ing has fine concrete surfaces with board formwork texture, precast reinforced concrete louvers and wood-paneled facades, subtly evoking the materiality of the excellent monumental reconstruction works accomplished in the second half of the 20th century in Sopron.
© Balázs Danyi
城堡区的第一阶段也是最大阶段已经完成，如今已经出台城市核心周边区域的发展方向。在项目城市中心复兴中，已经开工的公共广场将会同Kisvárkerület（小城堡区）和Széchenyi tér这两块巨大的连通区域更新工程相继竣工。
The first and largest phase of the Castle District has been completed, and now it indicates the direction for further de-velopments of the areas surrounding the city core. The already started public plaza revitalization of the city center will be finished with the renewal of two large connected areas, Kisvárkerület (Small Castle District) and Széchenyi tér.
© Balázs Danyi
© Balázs Danyi
© Balázs Danyi
© Balázs Danyi
© Balázs Danyi
© Balázs Danyi
© Balázs Danyi
© Balázs Danyi
© Balázs Danyi
Courtesy of Hetedik Műterem
Courtesy of Hetedik Műterem
© Balázs Danyi
© Balázs Danyi
© Balázs Danyi
© Balázs Danyi
Courtesy of Hetedik Műterem
Site Plan/场地平面图
Floor Plan/平面图
Elevation/立面图
Elevation/立面图
建筑师：Hetedik Műterem
地址：Sopron, Hungary
责任建筑师：Levente Szabó
地址：15040.0平方米
项目年份：2015年
摄影师：Balázs Danyi , Courtesy of Hetedik Műterem
制造商：Semmelrock, mmcite
景观设计：Csenge Csontos (†), Borbála Gyüre, Gergely Lád (Geum Műterem Ltd.)
建筑公司：Balázs Biri, Jessica Dvorzsák, Dávid Kohout, Orsolya Simon (Competition: Orsolya Almer, András Páll, Tibor Tánczos)
交通工程：ádám Rhorer, András Mezey (Közlekedés Ltd.)
公共设施：ádám Szabó (Aqua-Duo-Sol Ltd.)
路灯技术：Tibor Galazka, Ferenc Horváth (GT-Vill Ltd.)
结构专家：Géza Kapovits
水系工程：Gergely Drobni, László Skublics
可访问性：Anna Kormányos
总承包商：VEMéVSZER Ltd.
遗址检查：András Veöreös, Sándor Tárkányi
Architects: Hetedik Műterem
Location: Sopron, Hungary
Architect in Charge: Levente Szabó
Area: 15040.0 sqm
Project Year: 2015
Photographs: Balázs Danyi , Courtesy of Hetedik Műterem
Manufacturers: Semmelrock, mmcite
Landscape Design: Csenge Csontos (†), Borbála Gyüre, Gergely Lád (Geum Műterem Ltd.)
Co-architects: Balázs Biri, Jessica Dvorzsák, Dávid Kohout, Orsolya Simon (Competition: Orsolya Almer, András Páll, Tibor Tánczos)
Traffic Engineering: ádám Rhorer, András Mezey (Közlekedés Ltd.)
Public Utilities: ádám Szabó (Aqua-Duo-Sol Ltd.)
Street Lighting Technology: Tibor Galazka, Ferenc Horváth (GT-Vill Ltd.)
Structural Expert: Géza Kapovits
Water Engineering: Gergely Drobni, László Skublics
Accessibility: Anna Kormányos
General Contractor: VEMéVSZER Ltd.
Inspector of Monuments: András Veöreös, Sándor Tárkányi
出处：本文译自www.archdaily.com/，转载请注明出处。
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