©夏至Xia Zhi

设计概念       这个占地4.5公顷的新建公立中学位于北京西南五环外的一个新城的中心，是著名的北京四中的分校区。 新学校是这个避免了早期单一功能的郊区开发模式、更加健康和可持续的新城计划中重要的一部分，对新近城市化的周边地区的发展起着至关重要的作用。 CONCEPT TEXT Situated in the center of a new town just outside Beijing’s southwest fifth ring road, this new public school on 4.5 hectares of land is designed as the branch campus for the renowned Beijing No.4 High School. As an important piece in a grand scheme to build a healthier and self-sustainable new town, avoiding problems of the earlier mono-functional suburban developments, the school is vital to the development of the vast newly urbanized surrounding area.

©夏至Xia Zhie

©苏圣亮Su Shengliang

©苏圣亮Su Shengliang

创造更多充满自然的开放空间的设计出发点——这是今天中国城市学生所迫切需要的东西，加上场地的空间限制，激发了我们在垂直方向上创建多层地面的设计策略。学校的功能空间被组织成上下两部分，并在其间插入了花园。 垂直并置的上部建筑和下部空间，及它们在“中间地带”（架空的夹层）以不同方式相互接触、支撑或连接，这既是营造空间的策略，也象征了这个新学校中正式与非正式教学空间的关系。 The intention of creating more open spaces filled with nature, something that urban Chinese students today desperately need, combined with the space limitations of the site, inspired a strategy on the vertical dimension to create multiple grounds, by separating the programs into above and below, and inserting gardens in-between. The juxtaposition of the resultant upper and lower building, connected at the ‘middle-ground’ in various ways, is as much an interesting spatial strategy as a signifier of the relationship between formal and informal educational spaces in the new school.

                                                                                                              ©苏圣亮Su Shengliang                                                                                                                                ©夏至Xia Zhi

©夏至Xia Zhi

下部空间包含一些大体量、非重复性的校园公共功能，如食堂、礼堂、体育馆和游泳池等。每个不同的空间，以其不同的高度需求，从下面推动地面隆起成不同形态的山丘并触碰到上部建筑的“肚皮”，它们的屋顶以景观园林的形式成为新的起伏开放的“地面”。上部建筑是根茎状的板楼，包含了那些更重复性的和更严格的功能，如教室、实验室、学生宿舍和行政楼等。它们形成了一座巨构，有扩展、弯曲和分支，但全部连接在一起。在这个巨大的结构中，主要交通流线被拓展为创建社交空间的室内场所，就像一条河流，其中还包含自由形态的“岛屿”，为小型的群组活动提供半私密的围合空间。教学楼的屋顶被设计成一个有机农场，为36个班的学生提供36块实验田，不仅让师生有机会学习耕种，还对这片土地曾作为农田的过去留存敬意。 The lower part contains large and non-repetitive public functions of the school, such as the canteen, the auditorium, the gymnasium, and the swimming pool. Each of these spaces with their varying height requirements, push the ground up from below into various mound shapes that touch the belly of the upper building; their roofs in the form of landscaped gardens become the undulating new open ‘ground’. The upper building is a thin rhizome shaped slab that contains the more repetitive and rigid programs of classrooms, labs, dormitories and administration. Its mega form extends, bends, and branches, but all connected together. The main circulation spine within this large structure is expanded to create special social areas, like a river with organic shaped islands that provide semi-private enclosures for small group activities. The roof-top of the upper building is designed to be an organic farm, with 36 plots for the 36-classes of students in the school, providing students the chance to learn the techniques of farming, and also paying tribute to the site’s pastoral past.

©苏圣亮Su Shengliang

©苏圣亮Su Shengliang

©夏至Xia Zhi

©夏至Xia Zhi

两种类型的教育空间之间的张力，及其各自包含的丰富的功能，造就了令人惊讶的空间的复杂性。为每类不同的功能所做的适合其个性的空间，使得这个功能繁杂的校园建筑具备了城市性的体验。与一个典型的校园通常具有的分等级的空间组织和用轴线来约束大致对称的运动所不同，这个新学校的空间形式是自由的、多中心的，可以根据使用者的需求从任意可能的序列中进入。空间的自由通透鼓励积极的探索并期待不同个体从使用上的再创造。希望学校的物理环境能启发并影响当前中国教育中一些亟需的变化。 The tension between the two types of educational spaces and the rich mix of programs within create a surprising spatial complexity. With the unique identity designed for each different space, an urban experience is created within this complex of education facilities. Unlike a typical campus with hierarchical spatial organization and often clear axis to organize more or less symmetrical movements, the new school is free form and meant to have multiple centers that can be accessed in any possible sequences. It is a place with a free spirit that encourages explorations and awaits reinventions by different individuals. Hopefully the physical environment can inspire and initiate some much needed changes in the education system of China today.

©苏圣亮Su Shengliang

                                                                                                                                ©夏至xiazhi                                                                                                                 ©苏圣亮Su Shengliang

这个项目的一个目标是成为中国第一个绿色三星级的学校(其标准超过LEED金级认证)。为了最大化地利用自然通风和自然光线，并减少冬天及夏天的冷热负荷，被动式节能策略几乎运用在设计的方方面面中，大到建筑的布局和几何形态，小到窗户的细部设计。地面透水砖的铺装和屋顶绿化有助于减少地表径流，三个位于地下的大型雨水回收池从操场收集宝贵的雨水灌溉农田和花园。地源热泵技术为大型公共空间提供了可持续能源，同时独立控制的VRV机组服务于所有单独的教学空间，确保使用的灵活性。整个项目使用了简单、自然和耐用的材料，如竹木胶合板、水刷石（一项正在消失的工艺）、石材和暴露混凝土等。 This project aims to be the first triple-green-star rated school in the country (a standard that exceeds LEED Gold). In order to maximize natural ventilation and natural light, and minimize heat gain during summer and heat loss in the winter, passive solar strategies are adopted in almost all aspects of the design, from the planning of the building geometry all the way to the details of the window design. Permeable ground surface paving and expansive green roofs helps to minimize surface run-off, and three large underground water retention basins collect precious rain water from the athletics field for irrigation of the farms and gardens. A geothermal ground-source heat pump provides a sustainable source of energy for the large public spaces, whilst independently controlled VRV units serve all the individual teaching spaces to ensure flexible operation. Throughout the project, simple, natural, and durable materials such as bamboo plywood, pebble dashing (a vanishing technique), stone, and exposed concrete are used.

©苏圣亮Su Shengliang

在中国当前的环境下，可以说最迫切的问题和挑战就是人与社会之间以及人与自然之间的关系，而教育承担着巨大的责任。面对这些问题，我们以这个新校区项目作为试金石和力所能及的回应。 In the contemporary Chinese context, arguably the most pertinent issue and challenge is that of the relationship between the individual and society and between mankind and nature. Education bears great responsibilities. It is to these issues that this new campus project aspires to be both a touchstone and a response.

首层平面图Ground Floor Plan

二层平面图Second Floor Plan

东立面图East Elevation

剖面图Section

轴测图Axon

绿化分析图Diagram_Green

分析图Diagram

草图Sketch

项目信息及团队 项目名称：北京四中房山校区 设计时间：2010 – 2014 建设单位：北京市房山区长阳镇人民政府 代建单位：北京中粮万科房地产开发有限公司 功能：共有36个初中及高中班级的中学。包括教室、礼堂、体育馆、食堂、宿舍及运动设施 建筑面积：57,773 m2 项目地点：中国北京市房山区长阳镇 设计单位：OPEN建筑事务所(www.openarch.com) 主持建筑师：李虎，黄文菁 项目团队（设计阶段）：Daijiro Nakayama（项目建筑师），叶青、张浩（助理项目建筑师），周亭婷，Thomas Batzenschlager，张畅，JotteSeghers，王一帆，李强，葛蕊诗，薛文灿，Brendan Whitsitt, Ami Kito，陶玮，SiminaCuc，赵耀，陈晓婷，崔雨柔，唐巍，刘伟江，Sheehan Watcher；项目团队（竞赛阶段）：于清波，Felipe Escudero，Julia Mok，卢陈，成延伟，范劼，Scott Craven，Chris Gerdes，Beatrice Lau 合作设计院：北京市建筑设计研究院有限公司 绿色建筑顾问：清华大学建筑学院 结构顾问：建研科技股份有限公司 幕墙顾问：英海特工程咨询有限公司 照明顾问：莱亭迪赛灯光设计有限公司 声学顾问：深圳洛赛声学技术有限公司 标识设计：北京天树文化艺术传播责任有限公司 土建施工：中兴建设有限公司 室内精装：江苏省建工集团江卫强项目部/金龙腾装饰 幕墙施工：深圳市三鑫幕墙工程有限公司 景观施工：北京市长建燕城建筑工程有限公司 摄影：苏圣亮，夏至

FACTS & CREDITS Project Name: Beijing No.4 High School Fangshan Campus Design Year: 2010 – 2014 Client: Changyang Government of Fangshan District, Beijing Construction Agency：Vanke + Cofco Program: 36-class junior and senior high school, classrooms, labs, auditorium, gymnasium, canteen, administration, dormitory and sport facilities Building Area: 57,773 m2 Location: Changyang, Fangshan District, Beijing Design Firm: OPEN Architecture (www.openarch.com) Principal- in-Charge: Li Hu, Huang Wenjing Project Team(Project Phase): Daijiro Nakayama (project architect), Ye Qing / Zhang Hao (assistant project architect), Zhou Tingting, Thomas Batzenschlager, Zhang Chang, JotteSeghers, Wang Yifan, Li Qiang, GeRuishi, XueWencan, Brendan Whitsitt, Ami Kito, Tao Wei, SiminaCuc, Zhao Yao, Chen Xiaoting, Cynthia Yurou Cui, Tang Wei, Liu Weijiang, Sheehan Watcher; Project Team(Competition Phase): Yu Qingbo, Felipe Escudero, Julia Mok, Lu Chen, Cheng Yanwei, Fan Jie, Scott Craven, Chris Gerdes, Beatrice Lau Local Design Institute: Beijing Institute of Architectural Design Sustainability Consultant: School of Architecture, Tsinghua University Structure Consultant: CABR Technology Co. Ltd. Curtain Wall Consultant: Inhabit Group Lighting Consultant: Lighting Design Partnership International (LDPi) Acoustics Consultant: Clocell Signage Design: Beijing Trycool Design General Contractor: Zhongxing Construction Co. Ltd. Interior Contractor: Jiangsu Construction Engineering Group Co., Ltd. / Jin Longteng Decoration Co. Ltd. Curtain Wall Contractor: Shenzhen Sanxin Curtain Wall engineering Co. Ltd. Landscape Contractor: Beijing ChangjianYancheng Construction & Engineering Co. Ltd Photography: Su Shengliang, Xia Zhi

OPEN建筑事务所        OPEN建筑事务所是一个国际化的建筑师和设计师的团队。我们与跨越不同领域的合作者一起实践城市设计、建筑设计、室内设计以及设计策略的创造。       OPEN相信研究与合作是设计和创造的基础。近些年OPEN的研究工作密切关注发展中国家尤其是中国前所未有的城市发展速度所带来的环境与社会问题，这些研究工作帮助OPEN的实践直接立足于当下的社会经济条件中。在坚持理想和立场的同时，OPEN的实践直面时代特定的问题和各种挑战，去创造能与自然和社会建立起新的良好关系的建筑和城市空间。OPEN与各种不同领域的专家合作。在可持续性建筑实践方面，事务所积累了大量的经验，也和该领域中领先的工程师及机构建立了良好的合作。        OPEN由李虎和黄文菁创立于纽约，2006年建立北京工作室。目前已经落成和正在设计实施的主要项目包括：Studio-X哥伦比亚大学北京建筑中心、歌华营地体验中心、北京万科临时售楼处原型、北京四中房山校区、清华大学海洋中心、福州网龙公司员工宿舍、深圳坪山演艺中心、上海油罐艺术中心、北京城市学院新校区主楼等。近期，OPEN获得2012WA中国建筑奖优胜奖、第三届中国建筑传媒奖最佳建筑奖、2013亚太区室内设计大奖（APIDA）公共空间类金奖以及2014RTFA反思未来奖。        在专注于OPEN的实践之前，李虎曾是美国Steven Holl Architects（斯蒂文•霍尔建筑事务所）的合伙人，他创建了该事务所的北京办公室，并领导了多个重要获奖项目的设计工作。从2009年起，他也是Studio-X哥伦比亚大学北京建筑中心的负责人。黄文菁曾任美国Pei Cobb Freed and Partners Architects（原贝聿铭建筑师事务所）资深设计师及理事。实践之外，她曾是香港大学建筑学院的客座助理教授，清华大学客座教师。 OPEN Architecture OPEN Architecture is an international team of architects and designers, with collaborators across different disciplines to practice urbanism, architecture, interior and the production of strategies in the context of new challenges of our time. OPEN believes that research and collaboration is the foundation for design and creation. In recent years, OPEN’s researches have focused on the social and environmental problems associated with the unprecedented speed of urban development in developing countries especially China. These researches have enabled OPEN’s practice to be rooted deeply in our social and economic context. While emerging in the ample opportunities along with great difficulties, OPEN strives to create architecture and urban spaces that establish a new relation with the nature and our society. OPEN collaborates with experts from different disciplines, it has also built up expertise on sustainability and collaborative working relationship with leading engineers and institutions in the field. OPEN was founded by Li Hu and Huang Wenjing in New York City. It established the Beijing office in 2006. Some of the built or ongoing projects by OPEN include: Columbia University GSAPP’s Studio-X Beijing, Gehua Youth and Cultural Center, Temporary Sales Pavilion Prototype for Beijing Vanke, Beijing No.4 High School Fangshan Campus, Staff’s Dormitory of Fuzhou NetDragon Company, Ocean Center of Tsinghua University Graduate School, Pingshan Performing Art Center, Shanghai West Bund Oiltank Art Center and The Central Building of Beijing City University. Recently, OPEN won the First Prize of 2012 World Architecture Magazine’s Chinese Architecture Award, the Best Architecture Award of China Architecture Media Awards, the Gold Award of Asia Pacific Interior Design Awards 2013 (APIDA) and Re-thinking the Future Awards 2014. Before focusing on the practice at OPEN, Li Hu was a partner at Steven Holl Architects. He founded and led SHA’s Beijing office, and was the partner-in-charge for the firm’s many award winning projects in Asia. Since 2009, Li has taken on the role of the director for Columbia University GSAPP’s Studio-X Beijing. Huang Wenjing was a senior designer and associate at Pei Cobb Freed and Partners Architects (formerly I.M. Pei Architects) prior to founding OPEN. Besides practice, she was also a visiting assistant professor at the University of Hong Kong. She taught part time at Tsinghua University in Beijing as well.

供稿：开放建筑事务所OPEN ARCHITECTURE