拿骚退伍军人纪念体育馆的金属设计系统
Nassau Veteran’s Memorial Coliseum Transformed With Ethereal Metal Design System

由专筑网李韧，杨帆编译

这座于1972年开放的拿骚退伍军人纪念体育馆的使命已经完成，建筑位于纽约尤宁代尔，这座纪念馆不仅用于纪念牺牲的老兵，也用于举办美国篮球协会的各项赛事，以及一些大型的会议与音乐会，其中包括有Elvis Presley、Madonna和 Bruce Springsteen的表演。

历经四十多年的风风雨雨，这座纪念馆正逐渐老化，因此人们需要对它进行大规模的维修改造工作。

The Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum had done its duty. Opened in 1972 in Uniondale, N.Y., the Coliseum not only had honored the military sacrifice of local veterans in Long Island’s Nassau County but had served as home to the one-time American Basketball Association’s New York Nets and the National Hockey League’s New York Islanders as well as hosted major events and concerts, including performances by Elvis Presley, Madonna and Bruce Springsteen.
But after more than four decades of dedicated service, the Coliseum was showing its age and in need of a major facelift.

建筑师与开发商共同商定改建的相关事项，纽约SHoP建筑事务所和纽约布鲁克林的开发商Forest City Ratner Cos认为，可以在保持体育场馆原有造型的基础上，对建筑立面进行改造。

本次改造工程由纽约社区银行主办，对拿骚退伍军人纪念体育馆的内外空间都进行了更新。在历经一年半的施工之后，终于在2017年4月重新开放，总造价达1亿6500万美元，这些费用由Nassau Events Center (NEC) LLC全程赞助，这是开发商Forest City Ratner和布鲁克林Sports & Entertainment的合资企业。SHoP建筑事务所将纪念馆的立面进行了改造，而纽约N.Y.工作室则主要负责室内设计。

While some architects and developers might have suggested a total teardown of the dated venue, New York City-based SHoP Architects and developer Forest City Ratner Cos., LLC, of Brooklyn, N.Y., saw the opportunity to sustainably retain the strong architectural massing of the arena while giving its façade an entirely new look.
The Nassau Veteran’s Memorial Coliseum presented by New York Community Bank was updated both inside and out. It re-opened in April 2017 after being closed slightly more than 1.5 years for the $165-million renovation that was privately funded by Nassau Events Center (NEC) LLC, a joint venture between Forest City Ratner and Brooklyn Sports & Entertainment. (NEC leases the Coliseum from Nassau County.) SHoP Architects facilitated the Coliseum’s exterior renovation and the New York, N.Y., office of Gensler carried out the interior update.

“这个建筑的结构框架较大。”SHoP建筑事务所虚拟设计与施工部门的主要负责人John Cerone说道，“建筑的柱墩非常厚重，我们发现它其实可以容纳更多的功能。我们采取了一种轻质策略，在现有的结构上叠加一层金属元素。”

错综复杂的金属立面系统包裹着416000平方英尺（约38647平方米）的体育馆，其中大约有4700个条状金属制品，这些金属制品由面积达225000平方英尺（约20903平方米）、厚度约4毫米的铝制复合材料制成。

SHoP建筑事务所的声明中表示：“这个系统中每一个元素的外形和尺寸都有着细微的差别，从而形成微妙的韵律感，反映了纽约长岛的广阔天空。设计本身也唤起了该地区的历史意识，同样也代表了圣•路易斯精神，他于1927年在这附近的一个机场起飞，完成了第一次直飞大西洋的任务。”

“This building had great bones, said John Cerone, associate principal and director of virtual design and construction, SHoP Architects. With its 4-foot-thick concrete piers, we knew it could hold much more. We took a light approach to the project and decided to clip a metal design element to the existing structure.”
The intricate metal design system wrapping the 416,000-square-foot Coliseum consists of approximately 4,700 unique aluminum “fins” created with 225,000 square feet of recyclable 4mm Alucobond® PLUS aluminum composite material (ACM) by 3A Composites USA in the naturAL Brushed finish.
“Each of the elements in this system varies slightly in profile and dimension to create a subtle flow that reflects the big skies of the flat Long Island landscape, according to a SHoP statement. The materiality of the design evokes the area’s history as well – a reference to the Spirit of St. Louis, which departed a nearby airfield for the first non-stop solo transatlantic flight in 1927.”

Alucobond金属系统包含有两片0.020”的铝制热粘合层作为表皮系统的阻燃核心，最终形成厚度为4毫米的标准板。金属系统具有良好的平整度和刚度，也具有易成型、重量轻以及耐候性强的特点。在进行ASTM E 84测试时，金属系统面板火焰蔓延指数小于25，烟雾蔓延指数小于450，并且其室内工程完成等级为A级。

体育馆85000平方英尺（约7896平方米）的混凝土外墙被漆成全黑色，Cerone说：“这样能够更好地衬托金属板系统。”SHoP建筑事务所于2013年开始规划设计这座纪念体育馆的更新工作，并且于同年获得该项目的改造权。

根据Cerone的说法，Alucobond金属板具有质量轻以及灵活的特点，很多建筑师选择这种材料作为建筑外表皮。

Alucobond PLUS consists of two sheets of 0.020” aluminum thermobonded to a proprietary fire-resistant (FR) core and is manufactured in a standard 4mm thickness. Alucobond PLUS provides extraordinary flatness and rigidity, excellent formability, low weight and outstanding weather resistance. Alucobond PLUS wall panels have a flame-spread index of less than 25 and a smoke-developed index of less than 450 when tested in accordance with ASTM E 84, and have a Class-A interior finish classification.
The Coliseum’s 85,000 square-foot concrete exterior was painted entirely in black in order “to serve as a backdrop for this ethereal metal system,” according to Cerone, who said SHoP Architects started work on a master plan for the Coliseum’s renovation in 2013 for Forest City Ratner, which was awarded development rights by Nassau County that same year.
Alucobond was chosen to create the fins for its light weight and flexibility, according to Cerone.

他说：“每片金属板都有6个褶皱处，其制作过程非常复杂，我们希望人们在走近时能够看到足够清晰干净的金属面板。Alucobond金属材料具有很好的表现力与灵活性，能够精准地表达设计意图，同时，我们也很喜欢这种质感，它能够在一天中反射不同时段的天空与阳光，当人们进入到室内时，他们的衣服材质以及周边的环境也会被反射到金属面层上。”

Cerone说，这种复合金属系统是SHoP建筑事务所和工程承包商的合作产物，其中有来自印第安纳波利斯的Hunt建设公司，该公司主要负责项目管理，还有来自加拿大安大略的Sobotec公司，该公司主要负责金属面板的制作，另外还有来自印第安纳州加里的Crown Corr公司，他们则主要负责金属板与现有结构的连接工作。

金属系统通过“100%数字模型”创建，Cerone说，金属面板的创建过程需要车间人员通过激光来扫描整个体育馆的外部空间，并且记录数据，从而确保金属面板系统既能够融合于整体的场地环境，又能够与现有结构相贴合。

“Each of these fins has six folds, he said. We knew this would be a complicated folding and routing process. We wanted clean lines and several fields of interest to look at as you walk closer to the individual fins. The Alucobond material expresses flexibility. It’s very easy to form into precise shapes. We also loved the natural brushed aluminum finish. It picks up the ambient light and color well during different times of day and reflects the sky and sunset. As the crowd moves into the Coliseum, colors from their clothes and the surrounding trees also get reflected into the material.”
Creating this complex metal system, according to Cerone, was a collaborative effort from design through fabrication and installation with SHoP Architects and project contractors, including: Hunt Construction Group, of Indianapolis, which served as the construction manager;  Sobotec Ltd., of Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, which fabricated the Alucobond fins; and Crown Corr, Inc., of Gary, Ind., which intricately fit the Alucobond fins in a pre-fabricated metal space frame and attached it to the existing structure.
The metal design system was created through “100 percent digital modeling,” according to Cerone, who said this process required SHoP crews to scan the entire exterior of the Coliseum with 3-D lasers to create digital files that would ensure the metal system fit onto the building while allowing the fins and space frame to be pre-fabricated in controlled environments.

“这些扫描数据让我们能够更好地把控整个项目。”Cerone说，“这种高端的数字设计过程在SHoP建筑事务所的以往项目中也运用过，项目中每个工作人员的任务都通过数字化来完成，因此，在该项目真正启用这种技术前，事务所的建筑师们已经对其进行了多次测试。由于数字技术具有精准高效的特点，因此在以后的项目中，数字技术的运用会越来越普遍。通过这种技术，我们能够在现场精确地协调制造4700个金属原件，它们几乎毫厘不差，可以说这次的合作非常愉快。”

Sobotec工作人员大概花了六个月来定制这些面板，Sobotec公司的总裁Vlad Sobot说，这些通过三维模型创建的图纸信息可以由公司的数控路由器进行读取。

“These scans allowed us to coordinate with the contractors to a fraction of an inch, said Cerone, who said this cutting-edge digital design process was one that SHoP had prototyped on a previous project. Everyone working on this project was digitally facile. We had proven this process before and continue to push it to the industry. Inevitably, we expect to see more design and fabrication moving in this direction for its precision, speed and efficiencies. In this project, we were able to accurately coordinate the fabrication of 4,700 uniquely folded fins that were unfolded on the site in pairs. They fit perfectly. We loved collaborating with the manufacturers and contractors on this project.”
Sobotec crews spent approximately six months fabricating the fins from custom 38-foot-long sheets of Alucobond PLUS, according to Vlad Sobot, president, Sobotec, which utilized the architect’s 3-D models to create shop fabrication drawings that could be read by the company’s CNC router.

Sobot说：“我们通过翻转等方式调整制作这种类似鱼鳍的独特金属系统，最终的成果是，没有任何两片面板是完全相同的，当一片金属板变大时，旁边的面板则相应变小。”

Sobot曾表示，项目最终呈现出的效果具有强大的视觉冲击力，充满韵律感的金属板将使整个建筑看起来如海浪一般流动。Sobotec公司以其独特的设计制造能力而著称。

“These panels were fabricated into such a unique shape – similar to a shark fin, said Sobot. The fin comes out and then tapers in; the panel then is adjusted and reversed to taper the other way. … Not one fin is the exact same size as the other. As one fin comes out bigger in the design, the fin next to it becomes smaller.”
The overall visual impact of these variably sized fins is “an undulating line that looks like an ocean wave,” according to Sobot, who credits Sobotec’s engineering capabilities and Alucobond to the unique design’s fabrication success.

Sobot说：“要创造出这种视觉效果，Alucobond金属面板是唯一的材料，其他的实心铝板几乎不可能完成这项任务，它们无法如此灵活地进行折叠。另外，由于我们要考虑现有结构的修复，如果设计了重量过大的表皮荷载时，其内部的结构系统将会无法承受。而这种轻质金属面板正好符合我们的要求，它是独一无二的材料。”

Crown Corr推荐通过预制装配技术来安装Alucobond金属面板，这样能够将面板更好地附着在墙面上。

Crown Corr 公司的经理Kent Oprea 说：“这种方法能够将金属面板附着在结构上，而不是直接附着在墙体上。”该公司利用SHoP建筑事务所的三维模型绘制成CAD图纸用于空间框架设计。

整个系统由长达20英里、重约20吨的空间框架管道组成，其中运用了32个分隔系统，并且每个系统都独一无二。总的来说，整个金属系统包括6000个空间框架组件和2000个框架子组件。

“Alucobond is the only material that can actually produce these shapes, said Sobot. It would be impossible to make these shapes with solid aluminum sheets; they can’t be folded in this fashion. … Additionally, when you look at renovating an existing structure that is designed for a certain weight load, it might not be able to withstand a heavy material. Alucobond is so light that it’s not usually a problem on a retrofit. Alucobond is very unique; it’s not your typical metal panel.”
Crown Corr recommended installing the Alucobond fins in a pre-fabricated metal space frame that would be attached to the wall.
“It was an alternative method to attach a support structure rather than penetrating the walls, according to Kent Oprea, operations, manager, Crown Corr, which utilized SHoP’s 3-D models to create CAD drawings for the space frame manufacturer.”
Consisting of 20 miles of space frame tubing and weighing 20 tons, the frame was designed with 32 bays and features a unique design in each bay. In total, the metal design system includes 6,000 space frame components as well as 2,000 sub-framing components.

Oprea 说：“我们最大的挑战是每个系统的安装过程。要将金属片安装到Sobotec公司制作的框架系统中，我们必须要确保每个产品的精确度。”

Crown Corr公司员工将这些空间框架一个一个地搭接起来，这个过程大约花费了3个月。

Oprea 说：“当一个框架搭接完成后，会先放在一边，然后继续搭接下一个框架，如此重复地完成了一个又一个搭接工作。这个项目凝聚了大家的心血。”

最终，项目的翻新工作几乎超出了Forest City Ratner公司的预期目标，公司的副总裁Alexis Lenza要求将“这个古老的体育馆转变为一流的商业性质的体育中心”。

“Our biggest installation challenge was the uniqueness of each bay and every fin, said Oprea. The fins were released to Sobotec for fabrication prior to the frame being erected. The accuracy of the finished product was an incredible testament to technology and the people using the technology.”
Crown Corr employees fit the Alucobond fins into the space frame bay by bay, a process that was completed in approximately three months.
“When a bay was built, it was put on the building; then the next bay was put together and put on the building, said Oprea. We had a nearly seamless transition. It all came together. It was a lot of hard work on the part of the crews on the ground.”
The completed renovation has more than met Forest City Ratner’s goal “to transform a 45-year-old Coliseum into a first-class destination for entertainment and sports and to serve the Long Island community,” according to Alexis Lenza, senior vice president, construction and design development, Forest City Ratner.

Lenza说：“对于该项目我们收到了许多积极的反馈，这代表着人们对它的喜爱。这座建筑是场地的一部分，同时它也成为了当地的标志。Alucobond金属面板适用于不同的功能，这代表了材料的强大适应力，人们不可能常常翻新现有的体育场，甚至将建筑的立面包裹在金属系统之中，这更加说明了该项目中每个元素独一无二的性质。”

Cerone说，相比起将体育馆拆除的想法，更让SHoP建筑事务所自豪的是其立面修复改造的工作。

Cerone说：“为环境负责是每个建筑师的义务，我们相信建筑的再利用能力，Forest City Ratner公司也是如此。通过设计和技术，人们可以对环境产生不同的影响。我们为该项目的成功感到骄傲。”

“The feedback that we’ve received has been very positive; people really like it, said Lenza. This building now is a piece of architecture and part of the community. This definitely was an iconic project. The Alucobondmaterial can be used for a variety of functions, but this application really highlighted the material. It’s not often that you get to renovate an existing arena and wrap its exterior in an undulating metal design system – let alone one in which every single element is unique.”
Cerone said SHoP Architects not only is proud of the façade’s completed design but of sustainably renovating the Coliseum rather than tearing it down.
“Environmental responsibility is part of our practice’s DNA; we believe in adaptive reuse, said Cerone. Forest City Ratner really does care. Through design and technology, you can have a significant impact on the environment. We’re all really proud of this project and the building’s significant transformation.”

出处：本文译自www.archdaily.com/，转载请注明出处。