Donald Insall Associates的维多利亚玻璃温室修复项目
Donald Insall Associates restores Victorian glasshouse at London's Kew Gardens

由专筑网李韧，蒋晖编译

这座玻璃温室位于英国伦敦泰晤士河畔里士满的Kew花园，在历经五年的修复工作之后近期将重新面向公众开放，该项目由Donald Insall Associates事务所负责设计。

Donald Insall Associates事务所位于伦敦，在历史建筑的咨询方面很有造诣。该事务所于2012年受皇家植物园（Royal Botanic Gardens）Kew Gardens的委托，负责该项目的修复设计。

The Temperate House conservatory at Kew Gardens in Richmond upon Thames, London has reopened to the public following a five year restoration by Donald Insall Associates.
The London-based firm, which specialises in consulting on historic buildings, was appointed as conservation architects by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew in 2012.

这座玻璃温室建于19世纪，被列为世界一级建筑，它是世界上现存最大的维多利亚时期的玻璃温室。建筑长约190米，平面呈矩形，屋面倾斜，并且运用石柱、钢构架作为建筑的承重部件。

该建筑建于19世纪60年代由建筑师Decimus Burton设计建造。温室内种有10000种植物，其中甚至包含稀有与濒危物种。

A masterpiece of 19th-century design, the Grade I listed building is the largest surviving Victorian glasshouse in the world. Over 190 metres long, the plant house has a rectangular plan, with pitched roofs, stone columns and ribs of wrought iron.
Designed and built by architect Decimus Burton in 1860, the Temperate House is home to 10,000 plants, many of which are rare or endangered species.

在20世纪70年代，这座建筑已经残破不堪，于是在80年代初对其进行了初次修复。在2003年，联合国教科文组织将皇家植物园列入世界遗产名录，但是在2012年，英国遗产组织（English Heritage）建议将这座玻璃温室列入高危建筑名录之中。

据报道，当前的修复工程耗资约4100万英镑。

In the 1970s it fell into disrepair, before being restored in the early 1980s. In 2003 UNESCO declared the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew a World Heritage Site, but in 2012 English Heritage proposed placing the Temperate House on the Buildings at Risk register.
The current restoration project is reported to have cost ￡41 million.

Donal Insall Associates事务所的合伙人兼项目首席建筑师Aimée Felton说：“我们所使用的每种修复策略都尽可能保留了维多利亚时期建筑优雅的特征与当时的工程技术。”

“我们对Decimus Burton的设计思路进行了仔细地研究，同时对比了玻璃温室原来所运用的材料和技术，这样能够确保修复工程更加完整有序地进行。”

"Every conservation technique has been realised in a way that retains the bold spirit of this elegant marriage of Victorian architecture and engineering," said Aimée Felton, associate at Donal Insall Associates and lead architect on the project.
"We have also carried out our own painstaking research on Decimus Burton and the Temperate House taking samples of old materials and studying these carefully whilst working with the highly skilled craftsmen to ensure all interventions have integrity."

Donald Insall Associates事务所的主要设计理念是通过现代技术来修复这座建筑，从而改善温室中的环境，优化空气流通程度，让植物更好地生存。

为了让修复工作更好地进行，工人们将温室内的大部分植物小心翼翼地移植出来，整个施工过程中，场地上只保留了原有的9棵树，因为这些树的移植工作存在风险。

A core component of Donald Insall Associates' brief was to adapt the building with modern technology that could improve the environmental control in the glasshouse, optimising air flow and light levels for the benefit of the plants.
To facilitate the renovation work, most of the plants had to be carefully removed and stored elsewhere for safekeeping. Only nine trees remained in situ throughout the works, as they were deemed too horticulturally important to risk moving.

为了完成玻璃温室的重新粉刷、同时重新安装玻璃，工人们共拆除了原有建筑中的69151个配件，项目团队甚至运用电脑编码软件为每个部件设置相应编码，来记录其原有部位。

工人们运用高压水枪和碎石榴石爆破技术来清理各个部件上的腐蚀部分，从而露出原来的铸造痕迹和金属工人的工作标志。并且在挡雪板和装饰细部的全新铅制制品和金属铸造物中添加了另外的工作标志。

In order to complete the re-painting and re-glazing of the glasshouse, 69,151 parts were dismantled, logged and stored. The team were equipped with tablets and used coding software to register each piece's original location.
Each bit was cleaned with high-pressure water jets and crushed garnet blasting to remove corrosion, revealing the original casting marks and metalworkers' stamps. New stamps were added to the replacement lead work and the fresh casting on the snow guards and finial details.

Felton解释说：“全新的玻璃、机械、通风系统、道路、铺地装置都根据Decimus Burton的原有图纸而设计，这些图纸都保存在Kew花园的档案馆中。”

建筑师对这座建筑的结构涂层进行了分析，结果表明，20世纪50年代，温室的墙体构件上涂抹了一层白色钛白粉，而在这之前，这些墙体的外表面则运用了石材质感，并且通过蓝白色元素进行装饰。

"New glazing, mechanical, ventilation systems, path and bedding arrangements all took their founding principles from Decimus Burton's own drawings, held within Kew's archives," explained Felton.
Analysis performed on the structure's paint revealed the walls were originally decorated in a colour scheme of stone-coloured walls offset with blue and white decorative elements, before the white titanium dioxide was added in the 1950s.

Donald Insall Associates事务所在建筑的修复设计中，仍然参考了其原有的色彩，建筑师选择运用多重石材色彩涂层方案。

这座建筑的许多元素在当时社会都算得上是非常创新，Burton被誉为英国混凝土使用第一人，这种材料的使用能大大提升建筑的建造速度。

Donald Insall Associates chose a scheme of polychromatic stone colours for the re-paint, in reference to the original colourings.
Many of the architectural elements included by Burton were innovative for the time. He is credited with being the first architect in England to use cement render, in order to speed up building process.

Donald Insall Associates事务所仍然运用了当初Burton所采用的装饰策略，例如兼具装饰作用的烟囱，这样能够大大减少温室的基础服务设施的特征。

地下的加热管道同样予以保留和修复，但这只是为了保留历史元素而已，因为这些设施在现代社会已经淘汰了。

Felton说：“等到新移植的植物成熟之后，在金属构架的配合下，也许会给参观者带来更加完整与震撼的视觉感受。”

同样位于Kew花园之中的还有艺术家Wolfgang Buttress的作品“Hive”，这是一座为2015年米兰世博会而设计的建筑，在展览之后搬迁到这座植物园之中的。

花园里的湖面上方，有一座由John Pawson设计的弯曲桥体，名为“Sackler Crossing”。

摄影：Gareth Gardner

As part of the conservation work, Donald Insall Associates restored the ornate methods employed by Burton to decoratively disguise the glasshouse's services, such as the ornamental cornucopia urns that his the chimney flues for the now redundant boilers.
Entombed heating pipes were also retained and restored, although purely for historic purpose as they're now obsolete.
"The time it will take for the newly propagated plants to reach maturity will offer visitors a full and unobstructed view of the incredible metal skeleton in all its glory: a cutting-edge sanctuary for plants," added Felton.
Also in Kew Gardens is artist Wolfgang Buttress' Hive, a metal honeycomb pavilion that was first built for the Milan Expo in 2015 and then re-located to the botanical gardens as a permanent feature.
Also to be found in the gardens is a curving bridge across a lake by John Pawson, called the Sackler Crossing.
Photography by Gareth Gardner.

项目信息：
客户：Royal Botanic Gardens Kew (Turner and Townsend)
项目管理：Turner + Townsend
结构工程：Ramboll
机电工程：Hoare Lea
景观设计：Land Use Consultants
承包商：ISg
文物研究：Compass Archaeology
雕塑修复：Taylor Pearce

Project credits:
Client: Royal Botanic Gardens Kew (Turner and Townsend)
Project manager: Turner + Townsend
Cost manager: Turner + Townsend
Structural engineer: Ramboll
M&E engineer: Hoare Lea
Landscape: Land Use Consultants
Contractor: ISg
Archaeology: Compass Archaeology
Sculpture restoration: Taylor Pearce


出处：本文译自www.dezeen.com/，转载请注明出处。