Peter Veenstra 在南非开普敦Design Indaba会场修建植物园顶
Peter Veenstra to build dome of plants at Design Indaba venue in Cape Town

由专筑网饭否，李韧编译

荷兰景观设计师Peter Veenstra计划在开普敦的卢图利广场（Luthuli Plaza）建造一个布满植物的竹制球体，为明年的南非设计会议提供半室外场地。

Veenstra是鹿特丹LOLA景观设计公司的联合创始人之一 ，受到南非Design Indaba创始人Ravi Naidoo的邀请，他们提出了改造高架广场的建议，该广场将会议所在的Artscape戏剧中心与城市的交通枢纽连接起来。

他提出了一个直径50m的圆顶设计方案。圆顶将为城市社区人民提供活动空间。同时通过展示如何在不浪费水的情况下培植植物来呼应开普敦当前的水源危机。

Dutch landscape architect Peter Veenstra has revealed plans to build a plant-covered bamboo sphere in Cape Town's Luthuli Plaza, providing an extra venue for next year's Design Indaba conference.
Veenstra, co-founder of Rotterdam-based LOLA Landscape Architects, was invited by Design Indaba founder Ravi Naidoo to develop a proposal to transform the elevated plaza, which connects the Artscape Theatre Centre – where the conference takes place – with the city's transport hub.
He responded with a design for a 50-metre-wide dome, which will function as an events space for the city's communities. It will also respond to Cape Town's ongoing water crisis, by showing how plants can be cultivated without wasting water.


充满植物的圆顶包含一个类似圆形剧场的空间，社区活动可以随时在这里开展／The plant-filled dome will contain an amphitheatre-like space, expected to house community activities all year round

今年2月21日至24日，设计师在南非举行的南非Design Indaba中第一次披露了该方案。

他建议，可以将那些曾经被忽视的广场进行开发，同时也是开普敦对纽约高线公园的呼应，这是纽约的一座很受欢迎的公园。

“这是一个沉闷的空间，但它有很大的潜力。” Veenstra告诉观众，“我们认为这里有很大的潜力能够发展成为开普敦的高线公园。”

圆顶将由可持续发展的竹子构成，可在南非气候条件下快速生长。Veenstra正在与Nomadic Resorts的建筑师和竹子专家Olav Bruin合作设计这一部分。

The designer revealed the proposal for the first time during this year's edition of Design Indaba, which took place from 21 to 24 February in the South African city, with Dezeen as media partner.
He suggested that livening up the neglected plaza could be the first step in creating Cape Town's answer to the High Line – the hugely popular park created on a disused railway line in New York.
"It's a dead space, but it's got great potential," Veenstra told the audience. "We think there's big potential for the whole structure to become Cape Town's High Line."
The dome will comprise a lattice constructed from sustainable bamboo, which can be grown fast and locally in the South African climate. Veenstra is working with architect and bamboo specialist Olav Bruin of Nomadic Resorts on this part of the design.


该项目位于地坪抬高的Luthuli广场，目的是创建开普敦的高线公园／Located on the elevated Luthuli Plaza, the project is intended to create Cape Town's answer to the High Line

这种竹子结构将支持开普植物区的本土植物的生长，其中包括Spekboom，这是一种可食用的，耐火本土植物，据报其每年可以吸收4,200公斤碳。

“穹顶本身可能是最美丽的植物，它拥有当地最好的物种。”Veenstra说。

该项目最大的挑战之一是合理利用水资源，因为开普敦自2015年以来一直处于严重的水危机中，原因是该地区出现严重干旱。

为了实现这一目标，Veenstra将采用水培法进行植物种植。这种方法不在土壤中种植植物，而是将营养物质悬浮在水中。该系统通过蒸发将水分损失降至最低。

为了让种植方法完全不受水影响，Veenstra最初研究了Luthuli广场隔壁的开普敦文娱中心大楼废水的再利用，但水危机已经非常严峻，几乎没有废水可用。

相反，他接触了一批比利时科学家，他们正在研究一种方法通过过滤液体副产品并使其适用于支持植物生命，但是这种方法需要“重新利用公务员的尿液”。

This bamboo structure will support a huge spread of plants that are native to the Cape Floristic Region. These include Spekboom, an edible, fire-resistant, indigenous plant, of which one hectare can reportedly trap 4,200 kilos of carbon a year.
"The dome itself could be the most beautifully planted thing, with the best of the endemic species the Cape has to offer," said Veenstra.
One of the biggest challenges was making the design water-neutral – acknowledging that Cape Town has been in the grip of a severe water crisis since 2015, due to a major drought in the region.
To achieve this, Veenstra imagines that all of the vegetation will be grown using a system of hydroponics, a method of growing plants not in soil, but a solution of nutrients suspended in water. The system keeps the loss of water through evaporation to a minimum.
To make the growing method fully water-neutral, Veenstra initially looked into re-using waste water from the Cape Town Civic Centre building next door to the Luthuli Plaza, but the water crisis was already so intense there was no waste water available.
Instead, he approached a group of Belgian scientists who are working on a method that will "re-use pee from the civil servants" by filtering the liquid by-product and making it suitable for supporting plant life.


从远处可见，圆顶将展示植物如何通过不浪费水的方式而进行栽培／Visible from a distance, the dome will show how plants can be cultivated without wasting water

他认为该项目可能成为变革的象征，鼓励该城市的居民对用水负责。

“它确实可以作为一种象征。” Veenstra说，“成为一个节水型城市将会是一个永远的工作，但这项工作非常抽象，需要长期坚持才能看到变化。”

在各个机构的帮助下，Veenstra的建议将在2019年的Design Indaba成为现实。

除了为会议的多元化计划提供一个额外的场地，圆形剧场式的空间预计将全年开展活动。目前的构思是将其用于举办音乐会和展览，为城市的Airbnb客人提供休息室，并为当地的街头小吃店提供培训课程。

Veenstra解释说：“如果你去这个城市的港口，对富人来说有很多事情要做，但是如果要涉及城市的各个阶层人群，那么这个项目会非常有趣。”

这位设计师说，他第一次看到场地时被吓了一跳。他透露道：“我星期天来到这里，有一个人在广场的角落里正在注射海洛因。”

但他表示，他相信这个位于开普敦主干道上的场所能够引起整个地区的变化。

但是这里有时会有强烈的大风天气，为了解决这个问题，Veenstra在风速高达每小时100公里的情况下进行了压力测试。

单层植被过于弯曲，因此最终的方案由双层竹子制成，能够承受风力而不会变形。

Speaking to Dezeen shortly after his presentation, the landscape architect said he thinks the project could become a symbol for change, encouraging the city's occupants to be more responsible with their water use.
"It could really work as a symbol," Veenstra told Dezeen. "To become a water-saving city would be an endless amount of work, but it's largely invisible. You need these sorts of moments where you can actually see the change."
With the help of Naidoo and Design Indaba, Veenstra's proposal is set to become reality in time for Design Indaba 2019.
As well as providing an extra venue for the conference's diverse programme, the amphitheatre-like space is expected to house activities all year round. Ideas put forward so far include hosting concerts and exhibitions, providing a lounge space for the city's Airbnb guests, and facilitating a training course for local street food vendors.
"If you go to the harbour side [of the city], for rich people there's a lot to do. But it could be really interesting if this connects more to the lower and middle classes of Cape Town," explained Veenstra.
The designer said he was taken aback the first time he saw the site. "I got here on a Sunday, there was one guy literally shooting heroin in the corner of the square," he revealed.
But he said he is confident that the site's position – visible from one of Cape Town's main artery roads – will help to trigger change in the area.
This exposed location does mean that high winds will pose a challenge. To tackle this, Veenstra has stress-tested models at wind speeds of up to 100 kilometres per hour.
A single layer of vegetation was too bendy, so the final design will be made of a double layer of bamboo, able to withstand winds without deforming.


景观建筑师Peter Veenstra在描述Luthili Plaza时说：“这是一个沉闷的空间，但它具有巨大的潜力”／Describing Luthili Plaza, landscape architect Peter Veenstra said: "It's a dead space, but it's got great potential"

Veenstra于2006年与其他景观建筑师Eric-Jan Pleijster和Cees van der Veeken创立了LOLA。在他Design Indaba的演讲中，他展示了三人合作的一系列项目，其中包括几个在他们的祖国荷兰的项目。

他对这个最新项目的希望是，它也象征着开普敦更加可持续的未来，它将为他的祖国和南非之间的友好象征。

荷兰曾经两次在当地进行殖民统治，1652年，当开普敦首次受到荷兰人的统治时，这片土地则用于种植水果和蔬菜，为荷兰东印度贸易公司（Dutch East India Trading Company）的船员提供供给。黑奴从附近的国家贩卖到农场工作。

“开普敦是一座花园。” Veenstra告诉Design Indaba的观众，“一座美丽的花园，现在依然如此，但是，它与一个在世界和南非造成巨大伤害的无情企业联系在一起。”

“因此，该项目的基础并不为零，但我们必须回应过去，我们希望这个项目不仅仅是一个很好的空间，而且也是对这个城市灌输正能量。”

建在Luthuli广场的新植物穹顶被命名为Albert Mvumbi Lutuli。Albert Mvumbi Lutuli是一位政治家，也是诺贝尔和平奖获得者，他在二十世纪五十年代反对少数白人政府，并帮助领导非暴力运动反对种族隔离。

Veenstra founded LOLA in 2006 with fellow landscape architects Eric-Jan Pleijster and Cees van der Veeken. During his Design Indaba presentation, he showcased a series of projects that the trio have worked on, including several in their home country, the Netherlands.
His hope for this latest project is that, as well as well symbolising a more sustainable future for Cape Town, it will create a positive reference to the historic relationship between his home nation and South Africa.
The country was colonised twice by the Netherlands. In 1652, when the Cape was first under Dutch rule, the land was cultivated to grow fruit and vegetables to supply the sailors of the Dutch East India Trading Company. Black slaves were imported from nearby countries to work on the farms.
"Cape Town started with a garden," Veenstra told the Design Indaba audience. "It was a beautiful garden, it still is. At the same time it was linked to a very merciless enterprise that did a lot of harm in the world and in South Africa."
"Therefore, we feel we're not starting with a clean slate, but we have to respond to that past. We would like the project to not only be just a nice space but also be part of a larger positive influence on the city."
Luthuli Plaza, where the new plant dome will be built, is named for Albert Mvumbi Lutuli, a Nobel Peace Prize winning politician who opposed the minority white government in the 1950s and helped lead the non-violent movement against apartheid.