三维编制模板混凝土亭子
Zaha Hadid Architects and ETH Zurich debut concrete pavilion with 3D-knitted formwork

由专筑网王帅，李韧编译

扎哈·哈迪德建筑事务所与苏黎世联邦理工学院联合设计了一座双曲面三维编制模板混凝土亭子，目前在墨西哥城展出。

这座亭子名为“KnitCandela”，它使用了“KnitCrete”技术制造，这是一种可以建造出弯曲混凝土结构的3D针织纺织技术，在建造过程中不需要使用昂贵和耗时的模具。

A double-curved concrete shelled pavilion, constructed using a 3D-knitted formwork developed by Zaha Hadid Architects and ETH Zurich, has gone on display in Mexico City.
The pavilion named KnitCandela, was built using KnitCrete – a new 3D-knitted textile technology for creating curving concrete structures, without the need for expensive and time-consuming moulds.



这座五颜六色的亭子之所以命名为“KnitCandela”，是为了向西班牙籍墨西哥建筑与工程师Félix Candela致敬。Félix Candela在他的建筑中使用了戏剧性的弯曲混凝土壳，例如于1958年设计的霍奇米洛克餐厅（Los Manantiales Restaurant）。

在短短36小时内，设计师采用数字制造技术将两英里长的纱线编织成四条15至26米之间的纱线，然后使用手提箱将其从瑞士运到墨西哥。

The colourful pavilion is called KnitCandela in homage to the work of Spanish-Mexican architect and engineer Félix Candela, who created dramatic curved concrete shells in his buildings such as the Los Manantiales Restaurant in 1958.
Over two miles of yarn was knitted into four strips of between 15 and 26 metres in just 36 hours using a digital fabrication technique, then flown over from Switzerland to Mexico in suitcases.



当纱线抵达墨西哥城莱昂当代美术馆（MUAC）后，设计师使用张力索系统将四条无缝双层织物悬挂在木架上。

接下来，在两个织物层之间插入了1000个造型气球，形成所需形态，最后在外面涂上一种特殊的水泥浆体，使其定型。

Once in situ at the Museo Universitario Arte Contemporáneo (MUAC) in Mexico City, the four strips of seamless, double-layered fabric were suspended from a wooden frame using a tension cable-net system.
Next, 1,000 modelling balloons were inserted into the pocket between the two fabric layers to create the desired shape, before the exterior was coated in a special cement paste to make it rigid.



外部纺织物中的额外元素被设计成插入气球的开口，并在充气后控制它们的形状，所以只需要单一大小的气球就可以满足需求。而它们之间的空隙一旦使用混凝土浇铸，就会形成像华夫饼一样的壳。

设计师手工添加了混凝土，KnitCrete方法结合了数字创新和传统建筑技术。

Extra elements in the exterior textile strips had been designed in to create openings for balloon insertion and control their shape once inflated, so only one size of balloon was required. These pockets of air create a waffle shell once the structure is cast in concrete.
The concrete itself was added by hand, making the KnitCrete method a hybrid of digital innovation and traditional construction techniques.



内层织物裸露在混凝土外壳的下面，形成五彩条纹的活力表面，这种图案突出了褶皱的形状，不禁让人联想到墨西哥传统哈利斯科服饰的褶皱。

针织物总重25公斤，缆线网总重30公斤，而混凝土壳重5吨。

The internal layer of fabric was left bare underneath the concrete shell, creating a vibrant surface covered in colourful stripes. The pattern accentuates its frilled shape, which was designed to be reminiscent of the billowing folds of a traditional Mexican Jalisco dress.
In total the knitted fabric weighs just 25 kilograms and the cable net 30 kilograms, whilst the concrete shell weighs 5 tonnes.



建筑师声称，这种全新的KnitCrete技术简化了创建复杂双曲面混凝土造型的过程，它易于运输，成本较低。

“KnitCandela ”是扎哈·哈迪德建筑事务所第一次在南美洲的展览。

This new KnitCrete systems simplifies and streamlines the process of creating complex double-curved concrete shapes with an easily transportable system that keeps costs low, claims the architects.
KnitCandela is part of ZHA's first exhibition in Latin America.



扎哈·哈迪德建筑事务所计算与设计研究小组（ZHCODE）与苏黎世联邦理工大学区块研究小组（BRG）合作设计与制造了这套系统，Extrapolated事务所（R-EX）参与了墨西哥建筑数字化的进程和项目管理。

瑞典苏黎世联邦理工大学最近的其它项目还有用三维砂印法制作的混凝土天花板，由三维印刷模具制成的金属幕墙。扎哈·哈迪德建筑事务所还用大理石和炭纤维还原了丹麦设计师Hans J Wegner在1963年设计的CH07躺椅。

Zaha Hadid Architects (ZHA) computation and design research group (ZHCODE) collaborated with ETH Zurich's Block Research Group (BRG) to design and manufacture the system. Architecture Extrapolated (R-EX), who are engaged in a process of digitising Mexico's building trade, managed the project's execution at the MUAC.
Other recent construction innovations from Swiss university ETH Zurich include a concrete ceiling made using a 3D sand-printing process, and metal facade made from a 3D-printed mould shaped like the folds of a brain. ZHA has created a stone and carbon fibre version of Danish designer Hans J Wegner's 1963 CH07 lounge chair.


项目信息：
项目团队：区块研究小组，苏黎世联邦理工学院(BRG)；扎哈·哈迪德建筑事务所计算与设计研究小组(ZHCODE); Architecture Extrapolated (R-EX)
设计：
扎哈·哈迪德建筑事务所：Patrik Schumacher（主要负责人）
扎哈·哈迪德建筑事务所计算与设计研究小组：Filippo Nassetti, Marko Margeta, David Reeves, Shajay Bhooshan
苏黎世联邦理工学院：Mariana Popescu, Matthias Rippmann, Tom Van Mele, Philippe Block
针织混凝土技术：
苏黎世联邦理工学院：Mariana Popescu, Tom Van Mele, Philippe Block
苏黎世联邦理工学院，建材物理化学教授：Lex Reiter, Robert Flatt
建造与施工：
BRG: Mariana Popescu, Matthias Rippmann, Alessandro Dell’Endice, Cristian Calvo Barentin, Nora Ravanidou
R-EX: Horacio Bibiano Vargas, Jose Manuel Diaz Sanchez, Asunción Zúñiga, Agustín Lozano álvarez, Miguel Juárez Antonio, Filiberto Juárez Antonio, Daniel Piña, Daniel Celin, Carlos Axel Pérez Cano, José Luis Naranjo Olivares, Everardo Hernández, Ramiro Tena, Alicia Nahmad Vazquez
结构工程：
BRG: Andrew Liew, Tom Van Mele
混凝土开发：
Holcim墨西哥公司：Jose Alfredo Rodriguez, Carlos Eduardo Juarez, Delia Peregrina Rizo
现场施工协调：
R-EX: Alicia Nahmad Vazquez
展览内容、协调和策划：
扎哈·哈迪德展览和档案部：Jillian Nishi, Margaratia Valova, Daria Zolotareva, Paz Bodelon, Elena Castaldi, Manon Janssens, Woody Yao
ZHCODE: Leo Bieling, Federico Borello, Filippo Nassetti, Marko Margeta, Henry David Louth, Shajay Bhooshan
BRG: Mariana Popescu, Matthias Rippmann, Noelle Paulson, Philippe Block

Project credits:
Project team: Block Research Group, ETH Zurich (BRG); Zaha Hadid Computation and Design Group (ZHCODE); Architecture Extrapolated (R-EX)
Design:
Zaha Hadid Architects: Patrik Schumacher, principal
ZHCODE: Filippo Nassetti, Marko Margeta, David Reeves, Shajay Bhooshan
BRG: Mariana Popescu, Matthias Rippmann, Tom Van Mele, Philippe Block
KnitCretee technology:
BRG: Mariana Popescu, Tom Van Mele, Philippe Block
Chair of Physical Chemistry of Building Materials, ETH Zurich: Lex Reiter, Robert Flatt
Fabrication and construction:
BRG: Mariana Popescu, Matthias Rippmann, Alessandro Dell’Endice, Cristian Calvo Barentin, Nora Ravanidou
R-EX: Horacio Bibiano Vargas, Jose Manuel Diaz Sanchez, Asunción Zúñiga, Agustín Lozano álvarez, Miguel Juárez Antonio, Filiberto Juárez Antonio, Daniel Piña, Daniel Celin, Carlos Axel Pérez Cano, José Luis Naranjo Olivares, Everardo Hernández, Ramiro Tena, Alicia Nahmad Vazquez
Structural engineering:
BRG: Andrew Liew, Tom Van Mele
Concrete development:
Holcim Mexico: Jose Alfredo Rodriguez, Carlos Eduardo Juarez, Delia Peregrina Rizo
Site construction coordination:
R-EX: Alicia Nahmad Vazquez
Exhibition content, coordination, and curation:
Zaha Hadid Exhibitions and Archives: Jillian Nishi, Margaratia Valova, Daria Zolotareva, Paz Bodelon, Elena Castaldi, Manon Janssens, Woody Yao
ZHCODE: Leo Bieling, Federico Borello, Filippo Nassetti, Marko Margeta, Henry David Louth, Shajay Bhooshan
BRG: Mariana Popescu, Matthias Rippmann, Noelle Paulson, Philippe Block