城市冰川
Olafur Eliasson installs giant blocks of glacial ice across London

由专筑网吴静雅，王帅编译

丹麦-冰岛艺术家奥拉维尔·埃利亚松（Olafur Eliasson）从格陵兰岛附近的水域中凿取了30块冰川冰块，并把它们放置在伦敦的公共场所，让它们自行融化。

临时安置的冰块旨在直观地提醒人们气候变化对环境的影响。

冰块散落在两个地方。泰特现代美术馆（Tate Modern）外的圆形树林里有24座，伦敦金融城布隆伯格总部外的街区安置了另外6座。

Danish-Icelandic artist Olafur Eliasson has extracted 30 blocks of glacial ice from the waters surrounding Greenland and placed them in public spaces across London, where they will be left to melt.
Called Ice Watch, the temporary installation is meant to serve as a visual reminder of the impact of climate change on the environment.
The hunks of ice are scattered across two locations. There are 24 in a circular grove outside Tate Modern and six additional blocks outside the Bloomberg headquarters in the City of London.



埃利亚松希望该项目将“给没有感情的事物赋予感情”，并鼓励“大型企业、国家、以及私营部门和大公司”采取行动。

艺术家告诉Dezeen的记者：“这太抽象了，它离格陵兰岛那么远，它就在我们的身边，就在我们的大脑里。我只是想改变我们对气候的抽象印象，并让我们的身临其境的体会一下。”

Eliasson hopes that the project will "give feelings to things that are otherwise unemotional" and encourage the "big players, the state, but also the private sector and large companies" to act.
"It is so abstract, it's so far away Greenland, it's literally out of our body and it's in our brain and I wanted simply to change that narrative of the climate from our brain and emotionalise it into our bodies," the artist told Dezeen.



埃利亚松与地质学家米尼克·罗辛（Minik Rosing）合作，从格陵兰岛的努普·康格鲁阿峡湾（Nuup Kangerlua fjord）水域运送了100吨自由漂浮的冰川冰块。这些冰块从冰川上剥离，被发现融化在海洋中。

该装置将于12月11日开始展出，直到冰层融化，这将取决于天气状况。公众可以与冰块互动，观看冰块在他们面前融化。

Eliasson worked with geologist Minik Rosing to transport over 100 tonnes of free-floating, glacial ice from the waters of the Nuup Kangerlua fjord in Greenland. The ice had separated from its sheets and was discovered melting into the ocean.
The installation will be on show from 11 December until the ice melts, which will depend on weather conditions. Members of the public can interact with the blocks and watch as the ice thaws in front of them.



埃利亚松说：“冰美得令人惊叹，你可以闻到它的气味，亲吻它，然后把手放在上面，透过它触摸格陵兰岛。”

“这种形式非常直观；当他们说格陵兰冰盖正在融化时，这突然让他们更加清楚地意识到他们在谈论什么。”

"The ice is amazingly beautiful – you can smell it, you can kiss it, and essentially put your hands on it and touch Greenland," said Eliasson.
"It is a lot more physical; it suddenly gives a stronger sense of what it is they're talking about when they say the Greenland ice caps are melting," he explained.



这次展览恰逢在波兰卡托维茨举行的COP24气候变化会议的世界领导人会议。它旨在激励公众采取“真正紧迫”的行动应对气候变化。

埃利亚松说：“文化部门与一般公民社会有着非常密切的关系。我认为，当所谓的公共部门没有做到这一点时，文化部门有责任表达自己的关切。”

“我们必须认识到，我们有能力采取个人行动，来推动系统性变革。让我们把气候知识转化为行动。”

在此之前，政府间气候变化专门委员会于10月8日发表了一份报告，指出我们只有12年的时间来限制气候变化产生的最严重影响。

自2015年以来，格陵兰岛冰层的融化已经使全球海平面上升了2.5毫米。自从1896年发现温室效应以来，全球气温上升了1摄氏度以上。地球正在以越来越快的速度变化。

他解释说：“科学技术导致我们破坏了地球气候的稳定，但现在我们了解了这些变化背后的机制，我们就有能力阻止它们的增长。”

The exhibit coincides with the meeting of world leaders at the COP24 climate change conference in Katowice, Poland. It aims to inspire "really urgent" public action against climate change.
"The cultural sector has a very strong relationship with the general civic society and I think the cultural sector has the mandate to express itself and to voice its concern when the so called public sector, the politicians fail to do so," explained Eliasson.
"We must recognise that together we have the power to take individual actions and to push for systematic change. Let's transform climate knowledge into climate action," he continued.”
The project follows a report published by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change on 8 October, which stated that we have only 12 years to limit the most drastic effects of climate change.
"Since 2015, the melting of ice in Greenland has raised global sea level by 2.5 millimetres. Since the discovery of the greenhouse effect in 1896, global temperatures have increased more than one degree celsius. Earth is changing at an ever-increasing speed," said Rosing.
"Science and technology have made it possible for us to destabilise Earth's climate, but now that we understand the mechanisms behind these changes, we have the power to prevent them from growing," he explained.



15年前，埃利亚松在泰特现代美术馆（Tate Modern）的涡轮大厅里安装了名为“天气项目”（The Weather Project）的装置，创造了灿烂的阳光。该项目一直是博物馆最受欢迎的装置之一。

埃利亚松希望这个最新的项目能够产生类似的影响。2015年，巴黎万神殿广场（Place de Pantheon）也进行了类似的展览。

他说：“我并不幼稚，我知道这个项目可能不会产生什么重大的影响，但我确实相信我是推进改变的一部分。

他说：“我认为人们应该把耳朵贴在冰面上，然后突然意识到冰面上有一种非常细微的破裂、跳跃和清脆的声音，因为冰层融化会释放出压力气泡，这些气泡已经在冰层中存在了1万年。”

“一万年前，大气中的二氧化碳含量减少了30%，所以冰块的气味应该是一万年前空气的气味。”

Ice Watch comes 15 years after Eliasson's previous Tate installation, The Weather Project, which created a glowing sun in the Tate Modern's Turbine Hall. The project remains one of the museum's most popular installations of all time.
Eliasson hopes this latest project – which follows a similar installation by the Place de Panthéon in Paris in 2015 – can have a similar impact.
"I'm not naive, I understand that this one project probably will not suddenly tilt something major around, but I do honestly believe that I am part of a movement," he said.
"I think it matters for people to actually put their ear to the ice and suddenly realise that is has a very subtle cracking, hopping, crisp noise because the melting releases pressure bubbles that have been stuck in the ice for 10,000 years," he said.
"Ten thousand years ago there was 30 per cent less carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, so the smell of the ice blocks should be the smell of the air from 10,000 years ago."



埃里亚松将于2019年7月在泰特现代美术馆（Tate Modern）举行大型展览。

他最近的其他项目还有在丹麦瓦埃勒峡湾（Vejle Fjord）建造的一间堡垒式办公室，为行李箱品牌Rimowa设计一套环保的行李贴纸，以及对他广受欢迎的太阳能迷你灯“小阳光钻石”（Little Sun Diamond）进行改造。

A major exhibition of Eliasson's artwork will follow at Tate Modern in July 2019.
His other recent projects include a fortress-like office in the Vejle Fjord in Denmark, a set of environmentally minded luggage stickers for suitcase brand Rimowa and a revamp of his popular solar-powered mini lamp, the Little Sun Diamond.