住宅综合体：三座住宅和多功能馆
Residential Complex: Three Houses + Multiple Uses Pavilion / longo+roldán

由专筑网王沛儒，李韧编译

基本描述

项目位于单户住宅小区之中，这里建筑密度比较低，小区里有很多适应环境的老花园。客户购买了七块相邻的地块，想在那里为他和他的儿子、女儿建造三座房子。

General description
The project is located in a residential neighborhood of single-family houses, with low building density and some great old gardens. The client had bought seven adjacent plots and wanted to create three houses there, for himself and for both his son and daughter′s families.







参观场地后，建筑师的第一个决定就是将建筑放置在北部边界，不仅因为这里是最高点，有着很好的视野，而且和多功能展馆在同一水平面上，能够尽量减少面积的浪费。每座建筑都有独立的空间，但它们之间没有物理上的分隔，它们通过车库连接到地下，因此有一个公共入口。开放空间是一个整体，也是一座公园。

The first design decision after visiting the site was to locate the houses in the northern limit, not just because it is the highest point and offers great views, but also to liberate as much land as possible in the sunniest area at the same level of the multipurpose pavilion. Each building occupies its own plot, but there is not any physical division between them and they are connected underground through the garage, so there is only one communal entrance. The open space is conceived as a whole and treated as a park more than as individual gardens.





概念/背景和策略

那么，如何为住宅综合体设计出既能拥有有趣的社交空间，同时又保持家庭的亲密关系? 如何才能反映使用者的性格特征，还要保持形式上的统一?如何避免多花了钱又让建筑看起来循规蹈矩？

Concept/ Context and strategy
How to design a residential complex that provides playful and social spaces but preserves the intimacy of each family unity? How to project three houses that reflect the character of their inhabitants keeping a formal unity? And how to convince a client with a high budget to avoid following architectural trends?



地下一层是建筑综合体的基础，可以和新建筑产生联系。为了寻找一种永恒的形象，建筑外表非常简单，没有条纹。三个建筑的立面使用了相同的材料，既天然石材，但它们的颜色不同，从黑色到灰色，再到白色，这使得它们看起来十分统一，但也赋予了每座建筑不同的个性。虽然建筑从外部看起来很小，但是室内空间很宽敞，建筑只有两层，一层用于白天活动其中包括餐厅、厨房、客厅、卫生间、门廊，一层用于夜间活动，即卧室和浴室，第三个是地下部分，在单独的庭院里，这里有充足的光线，是一个私人和隐蔽的花园。

An underground level linking the building complex works as a base to the emerging volumes of the houses, quite simples, without stridencies, looking for a timelessness image. Using the same material for the façades of the three of them, natural stone, but in different colors -from black to grey to white- gets the unity of the complex but giving some individuality to each of the buildings. While the interior spaces are spacious, from outside the houses appear to be smaller: only two floors are seen, a ground floor for the daytime activities (including dining-room, kitchen, sitting room, toilet, porch) and an upper floor for the night program (bedrooms and bathrooms); the third one is underground, but profusely lighted through the individual courtyards, treated as private and hidden gardens.







建筑/材料及结构

场地的公共空间、多功能展馆隐藏在混凝土板下，构成了绿色屋顶，从而稀释了自然花园和建筑之间的边界，戏剧化地构成了一半是建筑，一半是自然的景象。与土地连成一片的绿色屋顶不仅将建筑与环境融为一体，自然地将地面高度降到最低，最大限度地节约能源。这三个体块非常紧凑，遵循了可持续发展的相同目的，南面采用玻璃幕墙，可以使室内获得阳光，而北面主要是百叶窗，地热系统为住宅带来温暖。

Construction/ Materials and structure
The shared and most communal space, the multipurpose pavilion, is sheltered under a single concrete slab creating a green roof, thereby diluting the boundaries between the natural garden and the built, in a game half tectonic, half estereotomic. The green roof in continuity with the land not only integrates the building into the environment and minimizes the height above the ground naturally, but also allows to maximize energy savings. The three volumes of the houses are quite compact, following the same purpose of sustainability, and have glazed facades to the south to gain sun radiance and natural light, while those facing the north are mainly blind; a geothermal system provides energy for the heating.





























建筑设计：longo+roldán arquitectos
地点：西班牙
项目类型：住宅设计
主创设计师：Víctor Longo Valdés + Ester Roldán Calvo
面积：3326.76 平方米
项目年份：2017年
照片摄影：Marcos Morilla
制造商：Inalco, Porcelanosa, Rimadesio, Schüco, Grato, Griesser
施工技术：José Raimundo Piedra
结构设计：Estática Ingeniería y Estructuras
设施计算：R.G. Ingeniería
施工方：Dragados

Architects: longo+roldán arquitectos
Location: Gijón, Spain
Category: Residential
Author Architects: Víctor Longo Valdés + Ester Roldán Calvo
Area: 3326.76 m2
Project Year: 2017
Photographs: Marcos Morilla
Manufacturers: Inalco, Porcelanosa, Rimadesio, Schüco, Grato, Griesser
Quantity Surveyor: José Raimundo Piedra
Structure: Estática Ingeniería y Estructuras
Facilities Calculation: R.G. Ingeniería
Constructor: Dragados