来自专筑编辑孙云鹏的报道。SET Architects事务所（Onorato di Manno, Andrea Tanci, Lorenzo Catena, Gianluca Sist, and Chiara Cucina）在博洛尼亚大屠杀纪念馆的国际竞赛中获得了一等奖。

SET Architects (Onorato di Manno, Andrea Tanci, Lorenzo Catena, Gianluca Sist, and Chiara Cucina) have won first prize in the Bologna Shoah Memorial international competition.

View from Via Carracci/从Via Carracci看本项目

当我们谈论一个纪念馆时，对纪念的定义便显得非常重要：它是关于人与事的纪念丰碑，同时它也代表着引导群众集体意识的通用信息。一个不容忘却的空间，成为我们在竞赛中对大屠杀的认知：在第二次世界大战期间的大规模屠杀。

The definition of memory is essential when we talk about a memorial: it is a monument of the remembrance of people and events and at the same time it represents a universal message directed to the collective consciousness. A space that doesn't allow you to forget, that in our competition, becomes the acknowledgment of the Shoah: a massive genocide during the Second World War.

Concept/概念设计

浩劫并不是某个人的悲惨经历，而是遭受了不公平待遇的一个团体的共同经历。

该项目的目的是给博洛尼亚一个可识别的纪念碑，同时也能成为历史中心的一个独特记忆的和一个新的参考。历史中心是指一个具有里程碑意义，突出城市的天际线，让人们唤起对过去的记忆中遭受那些可怕的事件的地方。

这样，集中营木质床铺成为建筑的主要结构，就是在这里，囚犯的尸体被成群捆在一起；也是在这里，他们最后的想重新回到城市去生活的求生意志彻底被粉碎。所以，建筑极大地增加了在尺寸和伸入空间上面的尺度，同时强调可以无限重复的模块，就像是一个个单元宿舍。

路人可以通过在两个平等和对称元素之间的狭窄和阴冷的通道行走来体验纪念馆。在那里，他们的思想迷失方向，并且会被大规模灭绝的记忆吞没。

The Shoah was not the experience of a single person but of a community who suffered a common injustice.
The aim of the project is to give to Bologna a recognizable monument as a unique and a new reference for the historical center: a landmark that will highlight the skyline of the city and allow people to evoke the memory of the past in the remembrance of those who have suffered horrible events.
This way, the structure of the wooden bunks in the concentration camps, where the bodies of prisoners were clumped together and their will to live was crushed by the feeling of the end, comes to life in an urban setting. It dramatically increases in size and projects into the space an infinite repetition of a module, appearing like a single cell of the dormitory.
Passers-by can experience the memorial by walking through the narrow and cold passage between the two equal and symmetrical elements. There, their thoughts become disoriented and merged with the memory of a mass extermination.

Plan/平面图1:500

纪念馆被放置在靠近高速火车站的一个新的广场附近，在de’ Carracci和Matteotti街道的十字路口。因为它的大尺度结构，它从周边城市环境中脱颖而出，同时吸引了路人的注意。

The memorial is placed on a new square, located near the high-speed train station, at the crossroad of via de’ Carracci and via Matteotti. Being a massive structure, it distinguishes itself from its urban environment, attracting attention of the passers-by.

Diagrams/示意图

它是由两个10×10米，且彼此相邻的平行六面体组成。在平面图中两个部分都具有两个短侧边1.30米和长侧边1.80米的梯形形状。两个体块之间的1.5米的通道缩减到了50厘米的尺寸。

以此方式，该项目在视觉上保证了完整的统一性，但是无论怎样也不排除其内部空间的多样性。模仿木制铺位的结构中，水平和垂直的金属片的交叉点提供了稳定的结构条件。

为了给路人突出纪念馆的存在，了解其与城市环境的关系同样重要。竞赛的场地是新火车站的建设时出现的一个正方形地块。因此该区域并没有被设计成任何特定功能的建筑，而是成为一个尚未定型的新形式，并向人行通道开放。

It is made up of two parallelepiped blocks of 10x10 meters placed next to each other. Both elements in plan view have a trapezoidal shape with the two small sides 1,30 m and 1,80 m long respectively. A passage of 1,50 meters between the blocks narrows to a size of 50 cm.
This way, a visual unity of the project is ensured, that however does not exclude the multiplicity of its interiors. Emulating the structure of the wooden bunks, the intersection of the horizontal and vertical metal sheets allow a stable structure.
In order to highlight the presence of the memorial to the passers-by, it is also important to understand its relationship with the urban context. The competition site is a square which emerged from the construction of the new railway station. The result is an area which is not designed for any specific functions, inclined to a new identity yet to be shaped and opened to the passage of people.

Plan/平面图  1:200

这并不是一个普通的广场形态，而是两条供汽车、行人和自行车使用的大街之间的交界，位于城市历史中心的边界及一个多元文化社区的门户。作为在铁路上真正的平台，这是一个具有很高的知名度和可达性的区域，并作为城市枢纽发展的中心。广场区域位于高于道路的平台上，该道路通过楼梯与高处连接。项目现有两堵高5.5米用石头覆盖且对角布置的墙壁，这种结构在空间中穿插，部分限制了游客对它的使用。

为了使人们的行动更加轻松，并提高两条道路的交叉点位置的活力，设计师决定拆除奥蒂大桥的原护栏的最后一部分。

This is not a common configuration of a square but a junction between two big streets open to cars, pedestrians and bicycles, on the border of the historic center and at the gate of a multicultural neighborhood. Being a real terrace on the railroads, it is an area of high visibility and accessibility as well as an urban hub in development. The square is located at a higher level than the road one linked to the upper part with a staircase. There are two existing stone covered walls each 5.5 meters high arranged diagonally, this structure penetrates the space and partially limits its use for the visitors.
In order to ease people’s movement and to improve the dynamics of the position at the intersection of the two roads, we decide to demolish the final part of the original parapet of the Matteotti Bridge.

Elevations/立面图

根据该项目，将在现有基础上增加一个新的石板路系统：直径在2和3厘米之间的不同型号的石材面层。这种形式的石材路面，其质地和因石头而产生的声音会让行走其上的游客去感受，去发现。 6厘米宽度的金属元素被放置在铺石路上，以此唤起对所谓Judenrampe的记忆。这些元素也有一个技术功能--限制石头掉出方形的边界之外。

为游人打开它的空间，纪念馆从仅仅是一个雕塑物转化为人与历史的交汇空间，在这里每个人都可以从日常生活隔离出一个真正的自我，沉浸到记忆之中。

According to the project, a new paving system will be added to the existing one: a layer of stones of various sizes, between 2 and 3 cm in diameter. This kind of paving, with its texture and noise produced by the stones while walking on them, allow the visitors to reflect and discover. The metallic elements of 6 cm width are placed on the stone pavement to evoke the tracks of the so-called Judenrampe. Those rods also have a technical function which is to confine the stones within the borders of the square.
Opening its space for visitors, the memorial transforms itself from being just a sculptural object into a livable space for interaction with people and history, where everyone can isolate one’s self from everyday life and immerse into memory.

Sections/剖面图

因此，纪念馆允许封闭的坚固外表开放出来，将其内部暗室的空寂向人们展示。每个内部单元均为2米长、1.35米高，就像是在没有终点的无限重复之中的无人居住的相同的盒子。这样的单元形式象征集中营某处的屈辱、对值得尊重的生命的否定，以及失去选择机会的痛苦。

石头的外部噪声会被内部感知，它在盒形模块中传播并且音量会因为本身的金属结构而扩增。紧跟着由碎石铺成的通道之后是两个巨大的金属体块，由粗糙的生铁制成，在人们心中定格。急剧减少的通道会令参观者有压迫、幽闭恐惧和痛苦的感觉。他们想知道自己在联觉路中间是应该继续作进一步的思考或者马上从这个地方离开。

因此，该项目被赋予了生命，雕塑变成了纪念馆。

Therefore, the memorial allows the closed solid exterior to open up and reveal the interior emptiness of the darks cells. Each one of them is 2 m long by 1,35 m high and resembles uninhabited identical boxes in a relentless repetition going to infinity. The cells evoke the degrading concentration in one place of the victims, the denial of a respectable living and the suffering of the absent opportunities of choices.
The outside noise of the stones is perceived inside, it resonate in the box-shaped modules and it’s amplified by the metal structure itself. Following the passage paved with crushed stones between the two monolithic metal constructions, made from rough and raw iron, the minds of people freeze. The visitors have a feeling of oppression, claustrophobic and anguish accentuated by the drastic reduction of the passage size. They wonder in the middle of the synesthetic path to continue further reflection or leave all of a sudden to detach from this place of memory.
The object has therefore come to life, the sculpture becomes the memorial.

Night view/夜景

一切重新归为一体。

最后，光在整个项目中起着重要的作用。纪念馆可以在白天和夜间参观。白天，当广场温暖而阳光充足的时候，内部通道在黑暗中，像是在没有光线的洞穴里面的上下床铺。

阴影覆盖着游客并把他们放在一个二维的暂时空间里，这种感觉是不明确的，但关于对两个体块之间的内部空间的感受却是明确的。

而到了晚上，广场上会被沿着边界布置的灯光照亮，而纪念馆由更强烈的光照亮，使得它从周围的建筑物中脱颖而出。即使在夜间，这也是一个里程碑。

采用斜灯和放置在道路入口的聚光灯创建灯光带来的单元空间的生命力和突然充斥在黑暗的对比。这使得观众感受到对比，并获得对空间多层次的感觉。照明保证了纪念馆随时可达，同时确保安全。

Everything is now brought back together.
Finally, the light plays an essential role in the project. The memorial can be visited during the day and night. During daytime, when the square is warm and sunny, the interior passage is under the darkness like the bunk beds were delved into the absence of light.
The shadow covers the visitor and throws him into a secondary temporal dimension: the view is not well-defined but the thoughts are clear, taking shape in the interior empty space between two blocks.
At night instead, the square is flooded with spread light produced by spotlights set along its borders, while the memorial is illuminated by a strong light that makes it recognizable from the surrounding buildings. It is a Landmark even at night.
The use of oblique lights and a spotlight placed at the beginning of the path create a contrast of lights that bring the cells to life and suddenly flood them into darkness. This makes the viewer reflect and have a multi-sensory relation with the space. The lighting guarantees that the memorial is constantly accessible and at the same time a safe place.

Model view/模型视图

本项目是博洛尼亚的新地标，同时为人类历史上一个悲剧性的事件赋予了形状和生命。

It is the new Landmark of Bologna, giving shape and life to a tragic event in the history of the humankind.

Model view/模型视图

项目信息：

名称：博洛尼亚大屠杀纪念馆
类型：国际竞争
奖项：一等奖
项目：SET Architects/ Onorato di Manno, Andrea Tanci, Lorenzo Catena, Gianluca Sist, Chiara Cucina
地点：意大利 博洛尼亚 Via Matteotti
年份：2015年
模型：弗朗西斯科•穆尼奥斯阿尔巴拉辛
摄影：乌戈•萨勒诺/另一个工作室
结构工程：Ing. Daniele Sansoni
科技与材料研究：Alessandro Mirigliani

PROJECT CREDITS
Name: Bologna Shoah Memorial
Type: International Competition
Prize: First prize
Project: SET Architects / Onorato di Manno, Andrea Tanci, Lorenzo Catena, Gianluca Sist, Chiara Cucina
Location: Via Matteotti, Bologna Italy
Year: 2015
Model: Francisco Muñoz Albarracín
Photographs: Ugo Salerno / Another Studio
Structure engineering: Ing. Daniele Sansoni
Tecnology and material research: Alessandro Mirigliani

出处：本文译自www.world-architects.com/，转载请注明出处。