The SAAL Process: Housing in Portugal 1974–76

由专筑网雷军，刘庆新编译

这是一个地方的权力，这是一座城市的权力。

“The Right to a Place, the Right to the City”



具有先驱性的SAAL项目是从1974年4月25日的葡萄牙革命中诞生的，是为缓解住房紧张和贫穷的生活条件而设计的建筑，同时也是带有政治目的。在短期的新社会主义政府的支持下，此项目组建了技术团队，就好像兵团中的旅部一样，由建筑师带领着与当地社区达成一致，助力于解决居民的住房问题。这个团队就好像天兵神将一样，给这片土地带来了焕然一新的变化。他们设计建筑，调查生活环境，支撑着居民委员会，管理着土地的使用范围，最终迎来项目的完美竣工。1976年10月，短短的26个月四万户居民就享受到了SAAL完成的大概170个项目带来的惊喜。

Born out of the Portuguese revolution of 25 April 1974, SAAL―the Serviço Ambulatório de Apoio Local (Local Ambulatory Support Service)―was a pioneering architectural and political experiment designed to address extreme housing shortages and poor living conditions in Portuguese cities. With the support of the new temporary socialist government, SAALestablished technical teams, known as brigades, led by architects in collaboration with local communities that aimed to develop housing solutions with the direct input of residents. The brigades reinvented the practice of architecture from start to finish, not only designing buildings but also surveying living conditions, supporting resident committees, and monitoring land use, resulting in projects designed with the residents and not just for them. In only twenty-six months, until October 1976, SAAL produced some 170 projects involving more than forty thousand families.



当然了，这种类型的项目不止是一个SAAL：由于复杂的城市和社会因素每个项目的行动和结果相差很大。在遥远的南方，从波尔图贫民窟到里斯本的自建家园阿尔加维。然而，这个项目带来了非常可观的影响，“城市的权力”这一观念已经深入到葡萄牙，还有欧洲。虽然还没有百分之百完成整个项目，但是对于它的关注度已经引出了关于城市计划的新模式，同时建筑家们也开始重新审视他们的社会地位和政治角色，还有关于四十年后引起的共鸣。

There was not only one SAAL: its initiatives and results varied widely depending on complex urban and social factors, from the “ilhas” (slums) of Porto and the periphery of Lisbon to the self-constructed homes in Algarve, in the far south. Nonetheless, the program’s overall scope and impact brought significant attention to the status of the needy and their “right to the city” throughout Portugal, and in turn, throughout Europe. Although most SAAL projects were never fully built, the debates it prompted generated a new model of participation that affected thinking about urban planning and participation and spurred architects to re-examine their own social and political role, issues that continue to resonate forty years later.



此次展览汇集了精选的、反映SAAL程序和方法多样性十大影响力住房项目。所展现的对象包括建筑规划和蓝图，调查和由SAAL团队开发的材料，以及历史和当代的照片，证实了全方位的城市解决方案，实现了建筑师试图实现的效果。从历史悠久的市中心向周边的贫民窟蔓延，该SAAL过程中引入新的住房类型，并逐步探索其他方法来规划城市。既是乌托邦式的美好，又不乏日常的实用性，这个项目已经解决了面临的挑战和不可多得的机遇。

The exhibition brings together a selection of ten influential housing projects that reflect the diversity of SAAL procedures and approaches. The objects it presents—including architectural plans and blueprints, surveys and materials developed by the SAAL brigades, and historical and contemporary photographs—testify to the full range of urban solutions that the program’s architects attempted to implement. From the historic city centre to the sprawling slums of the periphery, the SAAL process introduced new housing typologies and brought to view alternative ways to plan the city. Simultaneously utopian and pragmatic, SAALdemonstrates the challenges and opportunities of a process that was mandated from the top down while intended to be developed and addressed from the bottom up.



该展会由Serralves基金会组织，该组织由波尔图当代艺术博物馆和加拿大蒙特利尔的加拿大建筑中心一起合作。

The exhibition is organized by the Fundação de Serralves – Contemporary Art Museum, Porto, in collaboration with the Canadian Centre for Architecture, Montréal, Canada.



展会将在5月12日6:30pm举行，与展会同期的其他公共项目，包括一家画廊参观与策展，建筑师和研究人员的讲座，还有电影放映。

The vernissage will be held on 12 May at 6:30pm. Other public programs planned in conjunction with the exhibition include a gallery visit with the curator, lectures by participating architects and researchers, and film screenings.







时间：05.12.2015 - 10.04.2015
地点：加拿大 蒙特利尔
组织者：Canadian Centre for Architecture
网站链接：www.cca.qc.ca/en/exhibitions/2562-the-saal-process

When：05.12.2015 - 10.04.2015
Where：CCA  Montreal, QC, Canada
Organizer：Canadian Centre for Architecture
Links：www.cca.qc.ca/en/exhibitions/2562-the-saal-process

出处：本文译自www.world-architects.com/，转载请注明出处。