Polwaththa House
由专筑网朱王倩，许航编译
来自建筑事务所的描述。房子的主人选择在科伦坡市建造这样一所房子——一个拥有约半英亩的小椰树果林以及可以俯瞰稻田的房子。现存的房子在城市中密度地产西部边缘，其东侧是密密麻麻的大树林（包括椰子树），北部则可以鸟瞰美丽的稻田。而且这有许多现存的大树在基地边界，使它几乎“半野外”。对于建筑师而言的挑战是建造四间俯瞰美景的卧室，并尽可能的保护现存的树木。
From the architect. A small coconut grove measuring approximately half an acre (80 Perches) overlooking a paddy field, inherited by the owner, was selected to build a house in Sub Urban Colombo. There were existing houses on the Western edge of the property with medium built up density but the Eastern side was full of mature trees including coconut trees, while Northern side overlooked a beautiful paddy field. In addition there were substantial numbers of existing mature trees present at the site boundaries, giving it almost a ‘semi wilderness’. Challenges for the architects were to build a four bedroomed house overlooking this wonderful future garden saving many existing trees as possible.
© EreshWeerasuriya
项目历史
在项目成立之初就被明确的概念是——该住宅应该是一栋“瘦长”的建筑，可以当做“一大间屋子”来做，因此所有的房间有共同的观察“花园”的“视角”，带来居住在椰子林的体验。它同时也尽可能的保护基地现存的大树，这在科伦坡郊区很少见，在中产阶级移民的压力下，科伦坡沿路一般都是中密度建设走廊。
PROJECT HISTORY
At the inception of the project it was conceptualized that this residence should be a long ‘thin’ one only ‘one room’ thick, so that all rooms will have a share of the ‘view’ of the ‘garden’ giving a feeling of living in a coconut estate. It also enabled to save, as much as possible, the existing mature trees at the site, which is a rare occurrence in suburban Colombo, reeling under the pressure of the migration of middle classes to East of Colombo resulting in medium density built up corridors along roads.
© EreshWeerasuriya
科伦坡东部已经强烈地感觉到这种压力，尤其在政府19年代决定将首都迁到斯里兰卡Jayawardanepura Kotte之后，科伦坡北部和南部用地受到限制，科伦坡城市便向东扩展。从在斯里兰卡建设的国会大厦开始，城市扩张便开始吸收尚未动用的农业用地。这种渐进式的城市发展使得中产阶级向科伦坡东部迁移，这就导致还未分配的农业用地在被划分为更小的地块。这座房子的建造的这个地块试图逃离这种现象。
East of Colombo has felt this pressure strongly, especially after the then Govt in Nineteen Eighties decided to shift the administrative capitol to Sri Jayawardanepura Kotte, creating an Eastward thrust to the Colombo urban sprawl, which was previously limited to Northwards and South wards of Colombo. This Urban sprawl amoeba started absorbing the yet untouched agricultural lands, after the completion of the Sri Lanka’s Parliament building in Kotte. This gradual migration of urban middle classes to the East of Colombo resulted in unplanned sub division of larger agricultural land plots into smaller plot sizes in a haphazard way. The Site this house is built is one land which managed to escape this phenomenon.
© EreshWeerasuriya
Ground Floor Plan/底层平面图
项目技术
房子建立在钢筋混凝土柱和梁结构上，上层是柚木甲板。房子的显著特点是它的单坡屋顶，保护薄长屋子部分；其超宽悬挑的伸檐，保护着可以俯瞰花园的上层户外阳台，其钢筋混凝土板低于上述宽悬挑单坡屋顶被保护起来。
PROJECT TECHNOLOGY
The House is built on reinforced concrete column and beam structure with part of the upper level out of ‘Teak’ timber deck. Significant feature of the house is its mono pitched single sloping roof, protecting the thin long house section in one single sweep with wide overhangs. Projecting from the Upper Level and overlooking the Garden are outdoor balconies protected by a reinforced concrete slab located below the above mentioned wide overhanging mono pitched roof.
© EreshWeerasuriya
材料
房子以在碎石上的钢筋混凝土梁柱结构骨架为基础，并有砖砌体填充墙与石膏。所有的门窗都是木材，并且木结构全部还是部分是玻璃是由位置决定的。屋顶是单坡波纹水泥板屋面板材，其朝向花园和稻田的一侧有着大大的屋檐。这大幅倾斜的屋顶有着宽阔的屋檐，以便在雨季遮蔽雨水。在暴露的木骨架上的天花板是银色的水泥板（仿金属天花板）。外墙刷漆使用橡胶胶水和水泥专用涂料混合称为水泥处理墙面，后用砂纸打磨并用干净的密封胶密封，使成品颜色变为有着与周围植被混合的绿色灰。内部饰面物美价廉。二层阳台有较低水平的水泥和当地的硬木。更“现代”的材料，如玻璃和钢作为与有着钢扶手传统的水泥灰墙的对比，扶手从内侧保护了阳台。
MATERIALS
The House is built in reinforced concrete column beam structural skeleton on rubble foundations, with plastered brick masonry infill walls. All door windows are timber and timber framed fully or partially glazed depending on location. Roof is mono pitched corrugated cement board roofing sheets, opening out to the garden and paddy field views with generous eaves. This substantially sloping roof has wide projecting eaves in order to shed the monsoon rains. Ceiling is out of silver colour painted cement boards (mimicking ‘metallic’ ceilings) on exposed timber rafters. Exterior walls were painted with a special paint mix of rubberized glue and cement called cement handled wall finish, later hand cut using sand paper and sealed with a clear coat of sealer, so that the finished colour a gray with a greenish tint will ‘blend and merge’ with the surrounding vegetation. Internal finishes are inexpensive and hard wearing –polished cement on the lower level and local hardwood timber on the double height verandah. The more ‘modern’ materials such as glass and steel are used as a contrast to more traditional, cement grey walls with steel upright handrails providing protection to balcony ‘lookouts’ on ‘view’ side.
Cross Section/横截面
约束和解决方案
当半英亩的土地上充满成熟的树木，建筑师们面临的挑战是，如何尽可能多地保护现有的树木。最后房子的厚矩形“薄的适应部分”利于最小拆除现有树木，以及最大限度的在住宅内产生交叉通风。此外，房子朝向是理想的，因为长的高程面对东、西方，因此建筑师没有处理傍晚的阳光直射，西立面相比东立面更坚实。然而东立面可获得更多阳光和雨水的保护，通过双层高的阳台在细长的室内外形成中间缓冲区。建筑部分相比于平面更重视建筑形式的生成和设计思想的基础。它成功地采用了房间矩形块的热带房屋原则。
CONSTRAINTS & SOLUTIONS ACHIEVED
As the half acre land was full of mature trees, challenges for the architects were, how to save as many existing trees as possible. The result was the adaption of the one room thick rectangular ‘Thin Section’ facilitating minimum removal of existing trees and maximization of cross ventilation within the residence. In addition, the chosen orientation of the house is ideal because the long elevations face East and West and consequently the architect did not have to deal with direct sunlight in the evening, as Western façade was more solid compared to Eastern facade. However eastern façade was given additional sun and rain protection by way of a double height verandah creating an intermediate buffer zone between the outside and inside of the Long thin residence. Here the building section takes precedence over the plan as the generator of building form and the basis of design thinking. It successfully employs the principal of composing tropical houses from one room wide rectangular blocks.
© EreshWeerasuriya
特点
房子平面具有双重性：西立面相对封闭，只有小窗户，而东侧和北侧立面相对开放，有更大的窗户朝向花园和稻田。空间的大平面也有助于在这方面的限制；通过打开东立面的窗户，鼓励通过草图绘制确定。背景里的椰子树几乎从阳台上每个角度都可以看到。
SPECIAL FEATURES
There is duality in the house plan: the West facing elevation is relatively closed, with small window openings, whereas the Eastern & Northern façade is open with larger windows looking towards the Garden & Paddy Fields. The narrowness of the one room wide plan also helps in this respect; by opening windows on the East elevation, through drafts are encouraged. Coconut Trees form backdrops to almost every ‘view’ from balconies.
First Floor Plan/二层平面图
© EreshWeerasuriya
景观细节
基地全是现有的大树，我们避免重新种植，并对现存树木尽可能的保存。池塘的倒影，为房子的内部增添了景色，通过冷空气的蒸发冷却，室内可以无需无空调。室外颜色也是精心挑选与周围的绿化融合——一座“未完成”的当代建筑，欣然接受年龄的“铜绿”。结果是在景色里有着灰绿色水泥、木材和玻璃都融合在房子。房子与自然有着特殊的关系。
DETAILS OF LANDSCAPING
As the site was full of existing mature trees, the need to introduce new trees by way of root ball replanting was not necessary as existing trees as much as possible were saved. A shallow reflective Pond was added to the interior of the house as a landscape feature and to cool this non air conditioned house interior through evaporation of cool air. Exterior colours were carefully selected to merge with the surrounding greenery –“an ‘unfinished’ contemporary architecture that readily accepts a patina of age”. The result is a dark alien presence of a house in the landscape in grey green cement, timber and glass. The house has a special relationship with nature.
© EreshWeerasuriya
项目意义
自然的本质是美丽的。它是世界元素最棒联系。建筑本质也是美好的，因为它是通过改造或完成环境的反映结果，为人类提供合适的栖息地，当阳光普照的时提供阴凉，遮避风雨，保护他们免受冷风吹，构建美景。自然通过建筑升华，建筑通过自然光彩。因此，自然和建筑似乎不相容的联系着，结构沉浸在环境里。这是可供参考的现代房子，它通过与周围环境的融合，消除内外的隔阂。没有现代科技的使用支持，在传统民居的精神上是非常重要的。这是住所的美；它与自然共存。
SIGNIFICANCE OF PROJECT
Nature in essence is beautiful. It is the fruit of wonderful associations between elements of the world. Architecture is also beautiful in essence, because it is the result of reflection followed by a construction which transforms or completes the environment, to offer humans an appropriate habitat, it procures them shade when the sun shines, shelters them from the rain, protect them from wind and cold, frames the views. Nature can be sublimated by architecture and architecture can be glorified by nature. Therefore nature and architecture appear to be insolubly linked, the structures enmeshed with its environment. The case in reference is a contemporary house suburban house which dissolve the barrier between inside and outside by merging with its surroundings. Not with-standing the use of modern technology it is very much in the spirit of a traditional dwelling. And that is the beauty of this abode; it is at one with and coexists with nature.
© EreshWeerasuriya
© EreshWeerasuriya
© EreshWeerasuriya
© EreshWeerasuriya
© EreshWeerasuriya
© EreshWeerasuriya
© EreshWeerasuriya
Site Plan/场地平面图
North Elevation/北立面
East Elevation/东立面
South Elevation/南立面
West Elevation/西立面
建筑设计：ChinthakaWickramage Associates
地址：斯里兰卡，Pannipitiya
建筑主管：ChinthakaWickramage, NileekaSenerath
建筑助理：ThusharaSampathAjith Kumara, AnushkaIththapana, KasunWijesinghe, RaveenMathugama, AsiriSusith
结构工程师：PrasanthaPieris
项目时间：2014年
建筑摄影：EreshWeerasuriya
Architects: ChinthakaWickramage Associates
Location: Pannipitiya, Sri Lanka
Architect in Charge: ChinthakaWickramage, NileekaSenerath
Architectural Assistants: ThusharaSampathAjith Kumara, AnushkaIththapana, KasunWijesinghe, RaveenMathugama, AsiriSusith
Structural Engineer: PrasanthaPieris
Project Year: 2014
Photographs: EreshWeerasuriya
出处：本文译自www.archdaily.com/，转载请注明出处。
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