模块化经济型住房将为纽约领空带来另一道风景线
Modular affordable housing envisioned for "abandoned" New York airspace

由专筑网朱王倩，杨帆编译

设计师Beomki Lee和Chang Kyu Lee的这一概念性方案，呼吁利用现有纽约大楼空置的空中区域，以建立经济型住房和公共区域。
   
所谓的即时城市：是由现有低层建筑顶部的白色、模块化、网格状结构组成的在空中生活的住宅。效果图展示了西向225二十八街的规划方案，被称为“典型的曼哈顿建筑物”。

建筑物将包含立方体式的经济型住房单元，并结合了以社区活动为基础的公共场所。
   
公共区域将位于倾斜的平台，这里鼓励居民积极互动和文化的共享。这些地点的模块类型包括楼梯，游乐场所和花园。

This conceptual scheme by designers Beomki Lee and Chang Kyu Lee calls for using vacant airspace over existing New York buildings to create affordable apartments and public areas.
Called Instant City: Living Air-Right, the design consists of a white, modular, grid-like structure built atop existing low-rise buildings. Renderings show the proposal above 225 West 28th Street, referred to as a "typical building block in Manhattan".   
The building would contain cubic affordable housing units, combined with public spaces for community-based activities.
The public areas would occupy sloped platforms called Living Surfaces, where residents would be encouraged to interact and share their culture. The types of modules for these spots include stairs, playgrounds and gardens.
   

位于纽约的设计师说：“即时城市庆祝了居民与城市结构之间的多维互动，同时在新的城市生活条件下保证了居民日常活动的展开。”
   
他们的计划是重新考虑“长期以来被忽视的城市的领空权利”，同时也可以解决住房成本上涨的问题。

“纽约市的自有房屋产权不高，约百分之七十五以上的居民都是采取租住的形式，他们没有自己的住宅”，Beomki Lee and Chang Kyu Lee表示，“这个项目旨在利用废弃的空中空间开拓经济适用型住房的新可能。”
   
建筑具有灵活的设置，可以适应个别建筑基地允许的不同密度水平——参考容积率（FAR）。“即时城市尊重曼哈顿现有社区的不同背景”，团队说。

"An Instant City celebrates multi-dimensional interaction between habitants and city structure, while maintaining habitants' daily activities within the condition of new urban life," the New York-based designers said.
Their scheme is intended to reconsider "air rights of the city that have been overlooked for a long time", while also addressing the rising costs of housing.
"Lack of home ownership in New York City has skyrocketed – more than 75 per cent of residents rent rather than own," said Beomki Lee and Chang Kyu Lee. "This project seeks to utilise abandoned air-right spaces as new possibilities for affordable housing."
The building has a flexible configuration that responds to the varying levels of density allowed for an individual building site – referred to floor-area ratios (FAR). "Instant City respects diverse contexts of the existing neighbourhoods in Manhattan," the team said.
  

开发商经常在纽约购买空中权利——称为可转让开发权，或TDRs，以建造更高或更大的建筑物。
   
房地产公司可以购买相邻建筑物未使用的空中权，反过来又增加了项目的空间，从而构建了更高的结构。或者，他们可以设计他们的新建筑物，使其延伸到邻近的空域。

根据“纽约时报”的报道，TDRs是在1961年纽约的区划法规中进行修改，密度配额是为每个街区建立的。
   
规划漏洞是曼哈顿“超级细长”塔楼在近期不断增长现象的主要原因。
   
购买的空中权利也被FWFOWLE用于在切尔西地区建造一个分片式的塔楼，以及由S9 Architecture设计的悬挑在低层街区的豪华公寓建筑。

Developers often purchase air rights – called Transferable Development Rights, or TDRs – in New York to construct taller or larger buildings.
The real-estate companies can buy unused air rights over adjacent buildings and in turn add the space to their project, enabling them to construct a taller structure. Alternatively, they can design their new building so that it extends into the neighbouring airspace.
TDRs came about in 1961 when New York's zoning regulations were revamped, and density quotas were established for each block, according to the New York Times.
The planning loophole is partly responsible for the recent boom in "super-slender" towers across Manhattan.
Purchased air rights were also used to construct a shard-like tower in the Chelsea district by FWFOWLE, along with a luxury condo building by S9 Architecture that cantilevers over its low-rise neighbour.
   

出处：本文译自www.dezeen.com/，转载请注明出处。