John Wardle建筑事务所从自然景观中汲取灵感设计莫纳什大学
John Wardle Architects takes cues from natural landscape for Monash University building
由专筑网吴静雅，蒋晖编译
John Wardle建筑事务所在设计位于澳大利亚墨尔本的莫纳什大学克莱顿校区的教学大楼时，设想了一个带有峡谷、空地和悬崖的景观环境。
作为大学的“新大门”，拥有多个学院的LTB大楼容纳了学院的学习和教学办公室以及教育学院。
John Wardle Architects imagined a landscape with ravines, clearings and escarpments when designing the spaces of the Learning & Teaching Building at Monash University's Clayton Campus in Melbourne, Australia.
Serving as a "new front door" to the university, the multi-faculty LTB building houses the institution's Office of Learning and Teaching as well as the Faculty of Education.
John Wardle建筑事务所选择了一个宽阔的低层建筑，而不是塔楼。这使得创建一个被描述为“室内景观”的水平空间成为可能。
该设施的内部是由步道、庭院、桥梁、阳台和楼梯组成的网络。这些都是模仿自然景观中的不同元素，如峡谷、空地、河流、栖木、悬崖和露天剧场。
“景观，以及随着时间的推移而发生的变化，一直是这个校园场地的一个强烈主题，”工作室解释。“学习活动可以在更广泛的校园和社区里进行，而不是仅仅在垂直的地面进行。"
John Wardle Architects opted for a broad low-rise building, rather than a tower. This made it possible to create a horizontal field of spaces described by the firm as "an interior landscape".
The facility's interiors is a network of streets, courtyards, bridges, balconies and stairs. These are modelled on different elements of a natural landscape such as ravines, clearings, strands, perches, escarpments and amphitheatres.
"Landscape, and its change over time, has been a strong theme for the site of this campus," said the studio. "The learning activities are made visible and accessible to the wider campus and community, rather than removed from the ground in a vertical structure."
建筑师说，该建筑采用低地势的设计也受到了基地作为郊区四分之一英亩街区的历史的影响。这里原本是一片不受管制的丛林地带，1853年，测量员Eugene Bellairs把这里改造成了一英里长的道路网。
这种从丛林到测量师网格的快速转换，以及最终的郊区区域，在建筑的水平占用模式中产生了共鸣。
The architects said that the building's low-lying design was also informed by the site's history as a suburban quarter-acre block. Originally an area of unregulated bushland, the site was transformed into a one-mile grid of roads by surveyor Eugene Bellairs in 1853.
This rapid transition from bushland to imposed surveyor's grid and eventually suburban quarter is resonant in the building's horizontal patterns of occupation.
围绕着新建筑的克莱顿校区建于20世纪60年代，遵循一个总体规划——广阔的本土景观。这导致了一系列现代主义建筑被设计成景观中的对象。
“LTB采用了一种不同的类型学的方法，在概念上将相邻的Menzies大楼的现代主义塔楼翻转到它的一侧，以拥抱地面。”该公司解释说。
“这给人一种居住在一座建筑内的小城市或小镇的感觉。”
The existing Clayton campus that surrounds the new building was built in the 1960s, following a masterplan that proposed an expansive native landscape. This resulted in a series of modernist buildings designed as objects set within the landscape.
"The LTB takes a different typological approach, conceptually turning the modernist tower of the adjacent Menzies Building on its side to hug the ground akin to a mat-building," explained the firm.
"This leads to a sense of inhabiting a small city or township within a single building."
为了模糊建筑内外的界限，建筑师使用了与外部立面相同的材料，如砖和木材。
建筑所在的道路，Ancora Imparo Way，贯穿建筑和设施的北部庭院入口点。 在其中心，一个中央脊柱楼梯连接一系列的大厅，带来良好的视线。
上图中，一个锯齿状的屋顶通过中庭将南方的阳光散射到内部的各个层面。 菱形的天窗将自然光带入了建筑的公共空间内。
Wanting to blur the boundaries between the inside and outside, the architects used the same materials on the building's interior as were used on its exterior, such as brick and timber.
The road on which the building is located, Ancora Imparo Way, continues through the building and the facility's northern courtyard entry point. In its centre, a central spine staircase connects a series of atria to provide legibility and sight lines across all levels.
Above, a sawtooth roof draws diffused southern light into all levels of the interior through the atriums. A pattern of rhomboidal skylights connect and unite the public spaces of the building with natural light.
围绕中央脊柱的学习空间被组合起来，并辅以非正式的"学习街区"——建筑师说，这种安排有助于“将建筑规模分解成更小、更私密的环境，供学生使用”。
“主要的室内空间具有特定的特征，”建筑师解释说。
“Ancora Imparo Way被视为蜿蜒的穿过建筑的峡谷。这些砖砌的塔让人想起英国特伦特河畔斯托克的陶窑——从一种可塑粘土开始烧制的过程，抽象地说，类似于学习的过程。
Learning spaces around the central spine are grouped in clusters and supported by informal "learning neighbourhoods" – an arrangement that the architects said helps to "break down the scale of the building into smaller, more intimate settings for students to inhabit".
"The major interior spaces have a specific character," explained the practice.
"Ancora Imparo Way is treated like a ravine that meanders through the building. The brick towers are reminiscent of pottery kilns at Stoke-on-Trent, England – a reference to the process of firing that starts with a malleable clay is abstractly akin to the process of learning."
建筑周边的屋顶是由一系列折叠式的采光监视器组成的，监视器位于最顶层，同时也隐藏着屋顶的植物室。 屋顶的几何设计可为室内带来不同的自然光线，同时也可以遮挡来自东方和西方的低角度阳光产生的眩光。
建筑的二层和三层由穿孔锌包裹而成的扇形屏障，外形轮廓分明。
试图让人们回想起美国 Bellairs 在1853年时遇到的弹簧树皮树的纹理，屏幕的扇形边缘呼应了附近的巴士立交、人行道、景观和北部庭院的不同规模及环境，而它的穿孔图案为使用者提供了阴凉空间，同时不会阻碍通过玻璃立面的景观。
The building's perimeter roof is made up of a series of folded light monitors that encompass the uppermost floor while also concealing rooftop plant rooms. The geometry of the roof was designed to allow for varied qualities of natural light while also screening the glare of low-angle sunlight from the east and west.
A profiled and scalloped screen made from perforated zinc wraps the perimeter of the building's second and third floors.
Intended to recall the texture of the Stringybark tree that Bellairs encountered on site in 1853, the screen's scalloped edges relate to the varying scale and contexts of the nearby bus interchange, pedestrian walk, landscape and northern courtyard, while its perforated pattern provides shade without obstructing views through the glazed facade.
这座学习与教学大楼入围了Dezeen年度城市与文化室内奖（Civic and Cultural Interior of The Year），但输给了Casson Mann的拉斯科国际洞穴艺术中心（Lascaux International Centre for Cave Art），后者同时也获得了总奖。它还入选了年度文娱文化建筑的候选名单。
然而，John Wardle Architects却赢得了另一个类别的奖项——船长凯利的小屋，年度最佳室内设计奖。
摄影：Peter Bennetts
The Learning & Teaching Building was shortlisted for a Dezeen Award in the Civic and Cultural Interior of the Year category, but lost out to the Lascaux International Centre for Cave Art by Casson Mann, which also took home the overall prize. It was also longlisted for the Civic and Cultural Building of the Year.
John Wardle Architects did however win another category – Captain Kelly's Cottage won House Interior of the Year.
Photography is by Peter Bennetts.
项目鸣谢：
建筑实践：John Wardle Architects
客户 / 拥有人：Monash University
结构工程师：McGregor Coxall & Realm Studios
建筑服务工程师：NDY
土木工程师：Irwin Consult
土力工程师：Douglas Partners
可持续发展顾问服务：NDY
建筑测量师：PLP
无障碍设计顾问：du Chateau Chun
声学顾问：Marshall Day
景观设计师：McGregor Coxall & Realm Studios
标识与路线：Buro North
交通：GTA Consulting
行人模型设计：Arup
风流设计：MEL Consulting
Project credits:
Architecture practice: John Wardle Architects
Client/owner: Monash University
Structural engineer: Irwin Consult
Building services engineer: NDY
Civil engineer: Irwin Consult
Geotechnical engineer: Douglas Partners
Sustainability (ESD) consultancy: NDY
Building surveyor: PLP
Accessibility consultant: du Chateau Chun
Acoustic consultant: Marshall Day
Landscape architect: McGregor Coxall & Realm Studios
Signage and wayfinding: Buro North
Traffic: GTA Consulting
Pedestrian modelling: Arup
Wind: MEL Consulting
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