巴西里约热内卢联邦大学
Universidade Anhembi Morumbi | São José dos Campos Campus / KAAN Architecten + URBsp Arquitetura
由专筑网李韧，王帅编译
来自建筑事务所的描述：校园内建筑的设计目的基本相同，那便是成为巴西里约热内卢大学的一大标志，建筑师通过非尺度策略来呈现立面效果，让学生们拥有宽敞的共享空间的同时，提升了人们的互动，同时促进了自然通风，减少巴西炎热气候对室内产生的影响。
Text description provided by the architects. Both buildings have been driven by the same design choices: to create an elegant yet strong architectural identity for the campuses of the Universidade Anhembi Morumbi through a non-scale approach to the representative façades, providing the students and the institution with a generous central common space that promotes social interaction and responds to the hot Brazilian climate of these regions by allowing greater circulation of natural air.
项目位于道路的主要交叉口，学校的未来校区将如雅典卫城般建造于山地之上，因此人们也可以在这里很好地欣赏到城市全景。建筑师通过优化场地特征，结合平衡的立面几何形态，而该项目也因此成为了面向城市开放的一大地标，让校园具有很高的识别度。
Located in proximity to a main road junction, the future campus in São José dos Campos stands like a modern day Acropolis on an elevated plot, which creates isolation and the ideal conditions to turn it into a new reference point amid the dense urban fabric. By optimizing the topographical characteristics of their areas and thanks to the balanced façade geometries, the project is landmarks that firmly and visually open themselves to the city, giving the University a recognizable position within the architectural panorama.
建筑的结构布局紧凑，共有三层，面积为5300平方米，其形态为两翼展开，中央设置有大型中庭。
The buildig has a compact structure and consists of three floors with a total area of 5.300 sqm, which are organized in two wings, north and south separated by a large central atrium;
在巴西，阳光的直射较为强烈，因此建筑师为建筑设置了全包裹的立面面板系统，它可以为建筑削弱部分强烈的太阳直射。KAAN Architecten事务所在纤细的混凝土梁和屋顶梁架之间运用了玻璃面板，就当地的情况而言，这些构件由当地有经验的工人在现场制作而成。
The intense Brazilian solar radiation is mitigated by a fully encompassing system of vertical slabs that fulfills the need for shade in every façade. Choosing a regular structural system enabled KAAN Architecten to feature glass in between the thin concrete slabs and the roof beams. In the case of São José dos Campos, this was molded in-situ, relying on the expertise of the local workforce,
玻璃幕墙让建筑看上去通透无比，也表达了建筑与城市深层的联系。另外，树脂地板柔和地反射了自然光，同时也成为了建筑的核心通道。天花板构架中的混凝土和小型木制元素如百叶般优化了室内的自然通风与采光。
The wide use of glass in the façades enhances transparency and reveals a deep connection with the architecture of the cities. Moreover, a caramel resin floor comfortably reflects the abundant natural light in the social core and passageways of the buildings. The natural ventilation and light are optimized via a ceiling pergola in concrete and smaller wooden elements acting as sun blades.
建筑中设置有许多教室、模拟实验室、餐厅、理疗设施、图书馆，以及办公室。所有的教学场所周围都环绕着大型玻璃，这样能够充分地运用自然采光，它们朝向中庭，呼应建筑的核心部分，同时也表达了场所的重要特征，以及建筑与人的联系。
The shared program features classrooms, diverse laboratories for practice exercises and simulation, a space for the cafeteria, physiotherapy facilities, a library and offices. All educational spaces are situated alongside the longitudinal glazed façades to take advantage of the natural light and have been oriented towards the large-scale central void, to embody the buildings’ core social identity and its essence as a place for encounters, human connection and knowledge exchange.
在经过结构分析之后，建筑师在该项目中运用了一系列在现场制作而成的混凝土条形面板。而在巴西东南部城市皮拉西卡巴，运用得更多的则是牙槽板系统，充分发挥混凝土的性能。这些策略让模块化空间更加自由，这些空间则以1.5 x1.5米的网格系统为基础。另外，当地日光充足，因此建筑师运用了大面积玻璃窗，让室内空间拥有丰富的自然采光，并且结合垂直的混凝土构件，从而在地面上形成具有韵律感的光影效果。
Following a careful analysis of the structural opportunities, a system of ribbed slabs made possible by in-situ molded concrete was adopted in the São José dos Campos building. In Piracicaba instead a system of alveolar slabs was employed, exploring the best possibilities of precast concrete. These choices allow wide free spans and a significant modularity of space based on a rigid 1.50 x 1.50 meter grid. Moreover, the in-depth study into solar radiation results in large floor-to-ceiling windows, which grant abundant daylight to classrooms and laboratories, playing with the deep shadows generated by the vertical concrete elements.
在校园项目中，可持续策略至关重要，因此建筑师运用了创新性能源管理系统来控制热量的浪费，同时运用烟囱效应提升屋顶系统的效率。此外，建筑师同样运用了BIM技术，每个立面的设计都经过了精密的计算，并且在南北立面两侧，建筑师都设置有宽阔的走道，然后在东西立面两侧设置了垂直的竖向网格系统。
Sustainability plays a central role in the design of the two campuses, which feature an innovative energy management system for thermal control to prevent refrigeration waste and enhance the efficiency of the roof system with chimney effect. The use of BIM software and technology is also at the core of both projects: each façade has been designed following specific comfort studies, resulting in a wide protection porch for the north and south elevations, and in a dense grid of vertical brise-soleil for the east and west elevations
建筑设计：KAAN Architecten, URBsp Arquitetura
地点：巴西
主要负责人：Kees Kaan, Vincent Panhuysen, Dikkie Scipio, Renata Gilio
项目团队：Marco (Peixe) D'Elia, Paolo Faleschini, Cristina Gonzalo Cuairán, Mariana Mariano, Ricardo Marmorato, Laís Oliveira Xavier
项目时间：2017年
摄影：Fran Parente
建造商：Nexti, Udinese, Solepoxi, Deca, Alquali, Protendit, Isover, Raktec, ISOCOR
主要承包商：R & G Incorporadora Ltda, São José dos Campos
结构与水利工程：Fortec Engenharia, São José dos Campos
电力照明工程：Eletrotécnica Volt Ltda, São José dos Campos
房地产顾问：BRC Group, São Paulo
Architect: KAAN Architecten, URBsp Arquitetura
Location: Av. Dep. Benedito Matarazzo, 9009 - Jardim Oswaldo Cruz, São José dos Campos - SP, 12216-550, Brazil
Authors: Kees Kaan, Vincent Panhuysen, Dikkie Scipio, Renata Gilio
Team: Marco (Peixe) D'Elia, Paolo Faleschini, Cristina Gonzalo Cuairán, Mariana Mariano, Ricardo Marmorato, Laís Oliveira Xavier
Project Year: 2017
Photographs: Fran Parente
Manufacturers: Nexti, Udinese, Solepoxi, Deca, Alquali, Protendit, Isover, Raktec, ISOCOR
Main Contractor: R & G Incorporadora Ltda, São José dos Campos
Structural and hydraulic engineering: Fortec Engenharia, São José dos Campos
Electrical and lighting engineering: Eletrotécnica Volt Ltda, São José dos Campos
Real estate advisory: BRC Group, São Paulo
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