浙江省台州市的天台县，因境内天台山而得名。古籍中曾这样记载：“山有八重，四面如一”，“顶对三辰，当牛女之分，上应台宿，故名天台。”而本次项目所在的桐柏宫，即选址在“山有八重”的第二重，距第一重的人间凡界最近，正应合了“山上之人”即为“仙”的描述。

KONG_Fangzhang Building in Tongbai Palace
The Taoist temple Tongbai Palace is located in Tiantai county, Taizhou City, Zhejiang Province, which is named after Tiantai Mountain. In Chinese ancient books, it was mentioned that ‘There are 8 layers of the mountain, everywhere you look, the scenery is similar. This project is just located in the 2nd layer of the mountain, which means that it is not only the place where the immortals can practice but also the closest one to the human world.



桐柏宫是中国道教南宗祖庭，新中国成立百废待兴之际，为解决天台县的用水问题，当地决定兴修桐柏水库，至此，由孙权开创的千年名观从此湮没于水库之底。如今，在原位置略向北偏东的方向，桐柏宫新址悄然复建，从前“仙或许知，人不能到”的地方，正逐渐敞露。

Tongbai Palace is one of the most important traditional Taoist temples in China. When New China was founded, the government decided to build a reservoir to solve the water problem. Since then, this millennia Taoist temple founded by Sun Quan（Three Kingdoms Period）was submerged in the bottom of the reservoir. Today, it is being rebuilt in the direction of the northeast.



复建基础之上，KiKi建筑设计事务所受邀参与桐柏宫方丈楼的设计。“龙楼凤阙不肯住，飞腾直欲天台去。”——道教中的方丈，意为仙人居所，与俗世有一定的距离，因此方丈楼被设定在整个院落建筑群的顶端，也是来访者全程仰望并最终抵达之地。
  
KiKi ARCHi was invited to participate in the design of the Fangzhang Building. ‘Fangzhang’ in Taoism means the place where the immortals live, which is a certain distance from the human world. Therefore, the Fangzhang Building is set up at the top of the whole palace yard, and it is also the place where visitors look up and finally arrive. Different from the solemn main hall, side hall, and the scriptures tower of Tongbai Palace, the Fangzhang Building will be used as a daily practice place for the master. Therefore, how integrating the modern design language based on the traditional style has become the focus of the designer.







与相对肃穆的桐柏宫主殿、配殿及藏经塔有所不同，方丈楼主要作为日常修习使用，如何在不脱离传统制式的基础之上，融入克制与空灵的现代设计语言，成为首先考虑的要点。初次来到场地，枕山环水的丰富景观，道士规律有序的生活场景，使设计师以“内在者”的感受，体会到一种纯粹意义上的审美。“内观其心，心无其心；外观其形，形无其形；远观其物，物无其物。三者既悟，惟见于空”。设计师以道教之“空”为引，尝试将其悦耳悦目，悦情悦意，悦志悦神的独特审美观，转呈于空间之中，并使之承载了屈曲流转，融浑自洽，万物静观皆自得的生活态度。
  
The surrounding natural scenery and Taoist regular life scenes provided a kind of pure beauty when the designer first came here, so KiKi ARCHi decided to use Taoism ‘KONG’ (emptiness) as the guide to express a life attitude of wisdom, and merge it into the space design like the ‘Qingjing Jing’ wrote: ‘For ones able to eliminate desires, when look into their hearts, there is no thought to arise; when they see objects, there is no shape to describe; when they view faraway environment, there is nothing to see; since these three exist no more, only true self to be seen. If one sees emptiness (KONG) without the thought of such emptiness (KONG), will take such emptiness (KONG) to its extreme.’







桐柏宫方丈楼共三层，主体结构采用混凝土+杉木立柱，结合石墙与玻璃立面、长窗，自下而上过渡，从厚重变得轻盈。纵向延伸的立柱，无限接近天际，四个方位的屋顶，则如同漂浮在空中，恰好诠释了由顶面到地面，仙界与人界之间的“空”。
   
The three-story Fangzhang Building uses concrete and cedar columns as its main structure, combined with stone walls, glass facades, and windows, which change from heavy to light from bottom to top. The vertical columns are infinitely close to the sky, and the roofs in four directions seem to float in the air, which exactly explains the ‘emptiness’ (KONG).







值得一提的是屋顶设计，它的造型被简化，去除了传统挑檐与装饰；材料上使用灰瓦，与建筑群保持一致，但细节之处却另有不同，例如瓦片下端的收口采用简洁的钢板，结合具有一定弧度的杉木天花，形成一个立体的楔形屋檐，起到避免强光直入的作用。屋檐下方，大面积的玻璃落地窗、窄长窗与顶部无缝衔接，营造出通透的效果。这些当代设计语言，抽象的糅合了人们对事物的感知，以及宗教蕴含的精神，表达了“超脱浮游”这一概念，把具有“脱离感”和“距离感”的身体经验，巧妙转化为“悬浮空明”的视觉效果。

It is worth mentioning that the roof design and its shape have been simplified, removing the traditional eaves decoration. The traditional grey tiles are used on the roof, in keeping with the architectural complex, but the details are different. For example, simple steel plates are used at the lower end of the tiles, which are combined with a curved cedar ceiling to form three-dimensional wedge-shaped eaves to avoid direct sunlight. Under the eaves, a large area of glass windows or narrow long windows creates a transparent effect. These contemporary design languages, an abstract fusion of people's minds and Taoist spirits, express the concept of transcending worldliness.







来者由一层进入，透过圆形的天井，抬头可见“方丈”二字。天井造型代表了中国古代“天圆地方”的哲学思想，同时隐含“天人合一”的观点，辩证强调了自然的生命与意志性。

Visitors enter from the ground floor and look up through the circular skylight to see a plaque bearing the word ‘Fangzhang’. The shape of the skylight represents the ancient Chinese philosophy of ‘The round sky, the square earth’.





拾级而上，来到视野开阔的观景平台，这里面朝桐柏水库，远近有小山，在道教风水中，近些的小山称“案砂”，有如桌案；远些的则称“朝砂”，似来朝拜。站在此处凭栏远眺，远山错落有致，近水环抱有情，令人神往陶醉。

Through the steps to the second floor, there is a viewing platform for meditation with a wide view, which faces the reservoir and is close to nature.





作为亲近自然、静心修炼的场地，这处观景台由玻璃围栏组成，四方通透；其屋檐天花由长短不一的杉木依次排列，恰按八个方向逐渐汇至中心点，并有八个对应的射灯作为照明使用，巧妙的回应了道教的空间概念中“八方”所代表的“宇宙”。

The viewing platform is surrounded by glass fences, and its ceiling is splice made of cedar wood in eight directions with eight corresponding spotlights, cleverly responding to the ‘universe’ represented by the ‘eight directions’ in the Taoist concept of space.





除了自然风景之外，方丈楼的二层院落里，特别设置了流水、绿植、钟鼓等人造景观，打破了实用性建筑空间环境与自然天趣的对立。晨钟暮鼓，水木灵盛，空间自成一派清新与活力。
  
In addition to the natural scenery, the courtyard on the second floor of the Fangzhang Building is specially equipped with artificial landscapes such as water, green plants, bell and drum, which breaks the opposition between the practical architectural space environment and the natural beauty. Morning bell and evening drum, water and wood are full of aura, the space has its freshness and vitality.





而这个景观，也具有一定的温度、光照调节功能。水池的设置，可减少一层楼板的热负荷，中间的圆形天井则为内部引入自然采光；当南边有风拂过，水池能帮助降温，清凉随之散开，因此方丈楼的房间无需任何空调设备，即可保持良好的气流循环效果。
  
This landscape also has a certain temperature and light adjustment function. The pool is designed to reduce the heat load on the ground floor, and the circular skylight in the middle introduces natural light into the interior; When the wind blows from the south, the pool can help to cool down and spread the coolness, so that the rooms in the Fangzhang Building can maintain good air circulation without any air conditioning equipment.







此外，方丈楼所使用的石材、木料等均取自当地，巧拙相生，既体现了人类对自然的逐步认知，也在空间建造的过程中蕴藏了人文情怀、绿色建筑的概念，达到了形式与内容的有机统一。

In addition, the materials used in the Fangzhang Building are all taken from the local area, which not only reflects the gradual cognition of nature but also contains humanistic feelings and the concept of the green building. The organic unity of form and content has been achieved.





历史上的桐柏宫在最盛时期，有道士愈千人，接客可容千众。复建后的选址也充分考虑了区位、环境、山水、人文等因素，拥有其独特的历史价值与艺术价值。正因如此，方丈楼的设计与建造，更像是一次对桐柏宫历史、文化、风情的追忆与重溯。在这份沉淀的铺陈之下，KiKi建筑设计事务所尽可能将自身对“空”的理解，对空间氛围的体验，通过简洁手法和在地材料，勾勒出空静澄明的意向，传递给使用者与来访者共同揣摩。

In the history of Tongbai Palace in its heyday, there were more than a thousand Taoist priests, and it can accommodate nearly thousands of guests. The site selection of the reconstruction also fully considers location, environment, landscape, humanities and other factors, which have unique historical and artistic value. Because of this, the design and construction of the Fangzhang building are more like a recall of the history, culture and style of Tongbai Palace. Under this historical exposition, KiKi ARCHi tries to outline own understanding of KONG (emptiness) and experience of space atmosphere with a quiet and clear intention through simple techniques and local materials, which are conveyed to users and visitors to explore together.



项目名称：空_桐柏宫方丈楼
项目位置：中国浙江天台县桐柏宫
项目业主：桐柏宫
项目类型：宗教空间
设计公司：KiKi建筑设计事务所
协同设计：TAKiBI
主持设计师：关佳彦
设计团队：穐吉彩加，陈昕，枥内秋彦（TAKiBI）
用地面积：1142㎡
建筑面积：758㎡
设计周期：2020.05.01 – 2021.08.01
施工周期：2021.08.01 – 2022.03.01
项目材料：杉木，花岗岩，混凝土，钢板
摄影师：锐景摄影

Project Name: KONG_Fangzhang Building in Tongbai Palace
Project Location: Tiantai county, Taizhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
Client: Tongbai Palace
Element: temple
Design Firm: KiKi ARCHi
Collaboration Design: TAKiBI
Director: Yoshihiko Seki
Design Team: Saika Akiyoshi, ChenXin, Akihiko Tochinai (TAKiBI)
Site Area: 1142㎡
Building Area: 758㎡
Design Period: 2020.05.01 – 2021.08.01
Construction Period: 2021.08.01 – 2022.03.01
Materials: cedarwood, granite, concrete, steel plate
Photography Credit: Ruijing-PhotoBeijing


来源：本文由KiKi建筑设计事务所提供稿件，所有著作权归属KiKi建筑设计事务所所有。