材料之梦——墨西哥艺术装饰
Sueños con Fiber/Timber, Earth/Concrete / Grupo Mota-Engil + MIT Leventhal Center of Advanced Urbanism

由专筑网小R编译

“Sueños”在英文中的意思是“梦想”：
过去或是将的梦想，珍贵的愿望或是理想。

“纤维木材与混凝土的梦”是墨西哥建筑与城市节的一个建筑装置，设计师应用了多种材料，结合它们的起源以及未来的发展，从而讲述了墨西哥城市的故事，除此之外，设计师还通过传统造纸技术的批判性改造、再生木材的创意性再利用，还有生土、混凝土的创新思维，让人们重新认识了墨西哥城的历史，同时构想全新的可能。

sueños (in English, dreams):
dreams (of the past or future); a cherished aspiration, ambition, or ideal.
A participatory, architectural installation featured in the Mextrópoli Architecture and City Festival (September 21-25, 2022), Sueños con Fiber/Timber, Earth/Concrete unfolds stories about Mexico City through four materials, their provenance, and their promise for the future. Through its critical adaptation of traditional papercraft, creative reuse of recycled wood, and innovative use of earth and concrete, this site-responsive installation invites us to recognize the palimpsest of Mexico City’s histories and imagine new possibilities.





“纤维木材的梦”

纤维与木材表达了墨西哥城的过去与未来，展馆应用了再生木材，这些材料来源于城市的标志性过山车，同时也应用了前哥伦布时期的艺术形式，比如穿孔纸板，似乎在邀请过去的人们来到现代。

Sueños con Fiber/Timber
Sueños con Fiber/Timber reflects on the past and future of Mexico City. Built from wood recycled from the city’s iconic rollercoaster (La Feria’s Montaña Rusa), the pavilion adapts the pre-Columbian art form known as papel picado (perforated paper) whose openings invite ancestors to pass through to the present.



纤维与木材的梦是来源于Montaña Rusa废弃木材的首座建筑，或赠于开发商Mota-Engil，目的是重建与翻新近期关闭的各个公园，因此重新得名“Parque Aztlan”，La Montaña Rusa建造于1964年，吸引了无数游客前往墨西哥的首个游乐园La Feria，其中的过山车就如同同时期建造于墨西哥的大型城市项目一样，代表了大规模社会经济转变和城市基础设施发展的时代。

Dreams of Fiber/Timber is the first structure constructed from the salvaged wood of la Montaña Rusa which was donated by the developer Mota-Engil chosen to reconstruct and renovate the recently closed amusement park, renamed as Parque Aztlan. Built in 1964, La Montaña Rusa captured the imagination of millions visiting La Feria, Mexico’s first amusement park. Like the other large scale urban projects built in Mexico City in the same decade, the rollercoaster captured an era of massive socio-economic transitions and accompanying civic infrastructural development.



穿孔纸板是一种中美洲艺术形式，受到中国等文化的影响，它代表了过去与现代之间的桥梁，在墨西哥，这种艺术形式常常和一些特定节日联系在一起，这是因为纸张主要通过纤维制作而成，其地面之上的根茎就如同通向地下的门户，这些精神上的联系和纸张的灵活性和融合性，使得这种材质成为了一种主要媒介，是墨西哥人民学习与分享知识的主要方式，不过它也被人们看做是对殖民秩序的威胁，因此西班牙人很快就禁止使用和生产这种材料，其生产设施也被销毁，但是，这个传统在城市之外的某些地方依然存在。

A Meso-American art form influenced by China and other cultures, papel picado’s perforations are seen as apertures between past and present. In Mexico, this artform is often associated with the Day of the Dead because the paper was principally created from the fibrous Amate tree (Ficus insipidus) whose prominent, above-ground roots were regarded as portals to the underworld. These spiritual-vegetal associations, along with the paper’s flexibility and absorptive qualities made Amate paper the primary medium used in pre-contact codices. As a key way that the Aztec/Mexica people preserved and shared knowledge, amate paper was regarded as a threat to colonial order. Spanish settlers soon banned the use and production of Amate paper, and production facilities were destroyed. The tradition, however, was kept alive in a few locations located outside the city.



展馆位于历史悠久的Alameda广场的一角，构成了一个全新的聚集型城市空间，夜晚激活了整个空间，展馆的灯光设计来源于Otomi工匠们的对话，他们制作了展馆的纸板。

Situated at the corner of the historic Alameda Square, the pavilion creates a new urban space of gathering and reflection. Activating the space at night, the pavilion’s lighting design emerged from dialogues with the Otomi artisans who produced the Amate paper for this pavilion.



“生土与混凝土的梦”

“生土与混凝土的梦”将现有建筑材料的影响降至最低，探索了墨西哥城市经济适用房的发展未来，该展馆由国际非营利组织New Story共同开发，该组织是解决全球流浪者问题的先驱，除此之外还有墨西哥社会组织échale，该组织通过集中式社区开发，解决了住房问题。建筑的水平屋面以现有的系统为起点，优化了预制钢筋混凝土梁的形态，与传统系统相比较，材料的应用对环境的影响程度能够降低50%。

Sueños con Earth/Concrete
Sueños con Earth/Concrete explores the future of affordable housing in Mexico by minimizing the material impact of existing construction methods. This pavilion has been developed in partnership with New Story, an international non-profit organization that pioneers solutions to end global homelessness, and échale, a social enterprise based in Mexico that offers housing solutions through the integral development of communities. The horizontal roof structure takes the existing vigueta y bovedilla system as a starting point, optimizing the shape of the precast reinforced concrete beams to minimize the use of material and its associated environmental impact by 50% compared to conventional systems.













这种优雅的几何结构通过梁跨度的变化而构成，该体系来源于麻省理工学院的最新算法研究，3D打印的黏土块在梁之间构成拱顶，这也成为了模板，用于浇筑由MANUFACTURA 与ANFORA工作室制造的顶板，其中还应用了来自当地的生土材料来制作干燥的压缩体块，从而构成了展馆的墙体，这是一种经济的低碳解决策略，已经成功应用于墨西哥当地的多个社区，在该项目中通过组装和拆卸得以重新表达，“生土与混凝土的梦”集合了当代建筑技术和全新的数字制造工艺，促进了社会各企业和学术界之间的合作，成为可持续建造策略的典范。

This elegant geometry, sculpted by varying width and depth along the beam’s span, is enabled by recent computational design methods developed in MIT research. 3D-printed clay blocks vault between beams as lost formwork that enables the casting of a topping slab manufactured by MANUFACTURA and ANFORA Studio.The use of tepetate, a local soil with high contents of clay, allows for fabricating compressed, sun-dried blocks that constitute the pavilion walls. This affordable, low-carbon solution, which has been successfully applied in the construction of housing communities around Mexico for more than 30 years, is reinterpreted here with a post-tensioning system that allows for assembly and disassembly. Sueños con Earth/Concrete lies at the intersection of local construction techniques and new digital fabrication technologies, resulting in a collaboration between industry, social enterprise, and academia as a model toward a more sustainable built















建筑设计：Grupo Mota-Engil, MIT Leventhal Center of Advanced Urbanism
类型：展馆
时间：2022年
摄影：Marisa Morán, Arturo Arrieta, Dinorah Schulte, Walter Shintani, Rafi Segal
合作方：Digital Structures (MIT), Future Urban Collectives, Manufactura, Echale, New Story, Anfora Studio
城市：墨西哥城
国家：墨西哥

PAVILION
MEXICO CITY, MEXICO
Architects: Grupo Mota-Engil, MIT Leventhal Center of Advanced Urbanism
Year: 2022
Photographs: Marisa Morán, Arturo Arrieta, Dinorah Schulte, Walter Shintani, Rafi Segal
Collaborators: Digital Structures (MIT), Future Urban Collectives, Manufactura, Echale, New Story, Anfora Studio
City: Mexico City
Country: Mexico